基于视触融合的机器人抓取滑动检测

提出一种基于视触融合的深度神经网络(VTF-DNN)感知算法,用以检测在机器人抓取和操作过程中发生的抓取物体和夹具之间的滑动现象.首先,通过设定不同的抓取位置和力度来抓取不同的物体,收集视觉和触觉序列数据构建视触融合数据集,并用于训练VTF-DNN;触觉数据由安装在夹具上的阵列触觉传感器采集,视觉数据由腕部相机采集.然后,为了验证所提出视触融合感知框架的性能,在某个未参与训练的物体上进行了滑动测试,共进行了464次抓取,采集了2320个视觉和触觉序列样本,分类准确度达92.6%.最后,实验验证了所提框架在滑动检测任务中的高效性以及视触融合在滑动检测任务中的必要性,为更加稳定和灵巧的机器人抓取和作业系统提供了理论基础和技术支撑.     

物体表面热属性温度触觉识别实验研究

采用所研制的温度触觉传感器进行了材料热属性识别研究,温度触觉传感器由恒温元件保持传感器恒温,由测温传感元件检测接触面的温度信号,基板为传感器提供支架.分析了基于温度触觉的物体表面热属性识别方法机理,认为不同形态的物体表面可等效为光滑物体与薄空气层组成的表面空气层模型.对不同表面形态和不同材料被测物体的温度触觉热传导进行了仿真和实验.测试实验结果表明,所研制的温度触觉传感器能较好地识别不同热属性的物体,对不同表面形态的大理石也有较好的识别效果.表面空气层模型能较好地解释表面形态对温度触觉结果的影响.     

基于气压式触觉的欠驱动手抓取分类方法

使用一种气压式触觉阵列传感器拾取触觉特征信息,手掌和指尖触觉阵列点的灵敏度和最大重复性误差分别为13.73,10.85 kPa/N和3.54%,2.73%.依靠欠驱动手组建了触觉特征数据集,通过离散卡尔曼滤波方法对气压式触觉传感信息进行降噪处理,结合随机森林分类方法对生活物品进行分类.实验结果表明:气压式触觉传感器灵敏度高且重复度误差小,能够有效感知抓取分类过程中的触觉信息变化,依靠欠驱动手避免了抓取时速度碰撞对分类结果产生的影响,组建数据集时无须复杂的抓取控制方式,结合离散卡尔曼滤波的随机森林分类方法能够有效地完成对物体的识别分类,识别准确率达93.2%.     

机器人阵列式触觉传感器系统的研究

文章讨论了一种基于压阻效应的阵列式触觉传感器及信息处理技术,介绍了系统组成与性能,分析了敏感阵列的结构和信号读出与图象采集电路的工作原理及实现。此外,对触党图象的处理和辨识方法也进行了深入的研究。实验样机表明,系统能实现对常见规则物体的识别,本设计为阵列式触觉传感器的实用化奠定了基础,也有助于智能机器人的进一步发展。     

基于触觉图像序列的三维规则物体识别方法

提出一种基于二值化触觉图像序列的三维规则物体识别方法.触觉图像序列是通过装有高分辨力和高柔性触觉传感阵列的平行移动式夹持型手爪系统来获取的.实验表明,所述方法不仅能有效地识别一般平面物体,而且能有效地识别接触面是非凹曲面的物体。     

一种全柔性电容式触觉传感器设计与试验

为实现法向力与切向力感知,设计了一种可用于机器人仿生皮肤的电容式柔性触觉传感器,并设计成阵列结构.以硅橡胶为柔性基体,有机硅导电银胶为上下两柔性极板,共同构成电容式触觉敏感单元.分析并介绍电容式柔性触觉传感器的工作原理、结构设计及触觉信息采集与处理系统.可实现法向力0~5 N范围内灵敏度为6.78 f F/N,切向力0~3 N范围内灵敏度为11.45 f F/N的触觉感知功能.试验结果表明,该全柔性电容式触觉阵列传感器具有良好的稳定性与灵敏度,可用作人工皮肤实现触觉感知.     

基于动物胡须特征的触觉传感器

通过综合机器人领域中常见的接近觉和滑觉的结构特点,根据仿生学的原理,设计出一种同时具备接近觉和滑觉功能的触觉传感器,该传感器突出的特点是仅用一根触须就完成了接近觉传感器和滑觉传感器的双重功能,利用它可以监测机械手指与被抓物体之间是否产生滑动和分离的现象。对该系统进行了实验,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

水下航行器仿生侧线探测阵列优化布置模型及评估方法

为了解决水下航行器仿生侧线探测系统传感器阵列优化布置的问题,提出了一种结合贝叶斯概率模型及顺序启发式算法的传感器阵列优化布置方法。该方法首先基于贝叶斯概率定理对水下航行器目标位置探测问题进行数学建模;接着构建仿生侧线探测阵列物理模型及其流场仿真数据集,采用顺序启发式算法优化阵列布局位置;然后根据特征筛选方法计算不同阵列布置下目标位置探测信息的相关性,对传感器阵列布局进行冗余度约减及优化评估;最后利用后验概率验证仿生侧线探测阵列优化布置模型,同时估计运动目标物位置。通过仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的阵列优化布置模型及评估方法与传统方法相比,非目标位置的干扰区域探测概率减小到1％以下,有效提高了目标物位置的探测概率,证明了阵列优化方法的可行性与有效性,为水下航行器侧线传感器阵列的优化布局提供了理论与技术支撑。     

气动触觉传感器的研究

本文研究用于工业机械人自适应握紧操作的一种触觉传感器——气动滑动传感器。对传感器的静态特性和动态特性进行了理论分析和试验研究。经理论分析和一系列试验证明,该装置能根据物体的重量控制机械手以最小而必需的力来抓取不同材料的物体。     

图像和惯性传感器相结合的摄像机定位和物体三维位置估计

为解决无人驾驶中车辆定位与周围场景中物体三维位置估计,采用卷积神经网络(CNN)检测图像中的物体,用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)方法融合惯性传感器测量得到的加速度和角速度,同时估计摄像机位置和物理世界中物体三维位置.图像结合惯性传感器(IMU)信息,克服了单目摄像机估计得到的摄像机位置和物体三维位置的尺度不确定性;结合卷积神经网络检测物体提高特征点匹配准确度,实现对物体在三维世界中的位置通用的估计.在实验部分用Matlab分别模拟仿真场景和现实场景的数据库KITTI,有效估计摄像机运动和场景中物体三维位置估计.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.