Electrochemical behaviors of novel composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

A novel composite polymer electrolyte was prepared by blending an appropriate amount of LiClO₄ and 10% (mass fraction)fumed SiO₂ with the block copolymer of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) synthesized by poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400 and CH₂Cl₂.The ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, interfacial characteristic and thermal behavior of the composite polymer electrolytewere studied by the measurements of AC impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. The glass transition temperature acts as a function of salt concentration, which increases with the LiClO₄ content.Lewis acid-base model interaction mechanism was introduced to interpret the interactive relation between the filled fumed SiO₂ andthe lithium salt in the composite polymer electrolyte. Over the salt concentration range and the measured temperature, the maximumionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolyte (10-4.41 S/cm) appeared at EO/Li=25 (mole ratio) and 30℃, and the begin-ning oxidative degradation potential versus Li beyond 5 V.     

Thermal conductivity of nanoscale thin nickel films

The inhomogeneous non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) scheme is applied to model phonon heat conduction in thin nickel films. The electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity of the film is deduced from the electrical conductivity through the use of the Wiedemann-Franz law. At the average temperature of T=300 K, which is lower than the Debye temperature ΘD=450 K, the results show that in a film thickness range of about 1?11 nm, the calculated cross-plane thermal conductivity decreases almost linearly with the decreasing film thickness, exhibiting a remarkable reduction compared with the bulk value. The electrical and thermal conductivities are anisotropic in thin nickel films for the thickness under about 10 nm. The phonon mean free path is estimated and the size effect on the thermal conductivity is attributed to the reduction of the phonon mean free path according to the kinetic theory.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nimodipine-loaded Methoxy Poly （ethylene glycol） -poly （lactic acid） Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers, methoxy poly （ ethylene glycol）-poly（lactic acid） （MePEG-PLA）, were synthesized from monomers of DL-lactide and methoxy poly （ethylene glycol） by a ring opening bulk polymerizatiou in the presence of stannous octoate. Their chemical structure and physical properties were investigated using FTIR, NMR, GPC, and fluorescence spectroscopy. To estimate the feasibility as colloidal drug carrier, nimodipine （ND） was loaded into MePEG-PLA block copolymer nanoparticles by phaseseparation/dialysis method. The mean diameter and drug loading efficiency of ND-loaded MePEG-PLA copolymer nanoparticles depended ou PLA/MePEG block composition of the copolymer and drug/polymer feed ratio in preparatiou. NMR study confirmed that nimodipine was entrapped into the hydrophobic inner core of MePEG-PLA copolymer nanoparticles and hydrophilic PEG chains were located ou the surface of the drug-loaded polymer nanoparticles. In vitro release experiments exhibited the sustained release behavior of nimodipine from MePEG-PLA copolymer nanoparticles, without any burst effect.     

Silk Fibroin Film Blended with Poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）

To improve the toughness of silk fibroin（ SF） films,poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）（ PEGG） was synthesized with ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin. The SF / PEGG blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution and their structures were characterized. The PEGG was in liquid state at room temperature so it will not be a single phrase at blend film. It crosslinked with SF and made it insolubility in water. The results of X-ray diffraction（ XRD） indicated that the crystallinity of the SF in the blend films decreased with the content of PEGG increasing. The tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application.After the blend films were stored at room temperature for 100 d,the crystallinity, the tensile strength and elongation at wet state increased. The blend films are superior to SF films in providing excellent flexibility and mechanical properties in both dry and wet states. Based on the fact that SF has good biocompatibility,the SF /PEGG blend film will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.     

Characterization of PEO-LiClO4-PC Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Plasticized poly (ethylene oxide) based electrolyte membranes of various compositions poly (ethylene oxide) / lithium perchlorate / propylene carbonate were prepared by solution casting. The thermogram, electrical conductivity and vibrational spectra were studied. DSC revealed that the plasticizer propylene carbonate content has influenced on the melting and transition temperature. The infrared spectroscopic study on the effect of PC on the poly (ethylene oxide) / lithium perchlorate / propylene carbonate systems shows that a suitable propylene carbonate content can impede association between lithium ions. Room temperature conductivity changed over 2 order of magnitude, increasing from 6.8 × 10-8 Scm-1 of poly(ethylene oxide) / lithium perchlorate (10/3, w/w) to 8.9 × 10-6 Scm-1 of poly(ethylene oxide) / lithium perchlorate / propylene carbonate (10/3/10, w/w/w). It seems that lithium ions only interact with PEO crystalline phase at the presence of PEO.     

Pepsin nanofilm self—assembly on the positively charged poly （ethylene terephthalate）substrate

Pepsin was assembled on the surface of prepared poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET-NH3^ ) substrates.The composition and structure of the pepsin/PET-NH3^ assembling films in different condition were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).     

Optical properties of cobalt xanthate films on different substrates

Cobalt isopropyl xanthate thin films (CXTFs) were deposited via chemical bath deposition onto different substrates: commercial glass (CG), indium tin oxide (ITO), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMM). Isopropyl xanthate was synthesized according to a method described in the literature. The cobalt nitrate and isopropyl xanthate were mixed in a beaker, which allowed the thin films to be deposited via a simple ion-ion mechanism. The transmission, reflectivity, refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were investigated for various thin films coated onto different substrates. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical properties of the thin films. The lowest value of the transmission and the highest value of the refractive index were observed for the thin films deposited onto PMM. The structure of the cobalt xanthate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which was measured using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 400 spectrometer. The stretching vibration of the Co-S bonds was observed at 359 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum of the CXTFs.     

Three-dimensional observation of the phase structure of high density polyethylene （HDPE）/poly（ethyleneco-butene） （PEB） blend by laser scanning confocal microscopy

In this paper,high density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(ethylene-co-butene) (PEB) blend (50/50 wt%) was prepared through solution blending and then compression molding,and subsequently examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The PEB used in this experiment was labeled with a small quantity of a fluorescein derivative to render fluorescence. The initial films showed uniform dye dis-tribution and no indication of phase separation within the resolution of optical microscopy. Sample films annealing at 140℃ followed by rapid cooling to room temperature showed obvious phase sepa-ration and bicontinuous structure. The present work indicates that by labeling one component with fluorescein derivative,LSCM can efficiently perform in situ depth profiling of polymer blends.     

Effect of plasticizer poly(ethylene glycol) on the crystallization properties of stereocomplex-type poly (lactide acid)

The effects of the plasticizer poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) on crystallization properties of equimolar poly(L-lactide)(PLLA)/poly(D-lactide)(PDLA) blends were investigated. Formation of the stereocomplex-type poly(lactide acid)(sc-PLA) crystallites was confirmed by Wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analyses. Sc-PLA crystallites without any homochiral poly(lactide acid)(hc-PLA) formed, as the result of the incorporation of the plasticizer PEG(more than or equal to 10%(wt)) at a processing temperature(240 ℃). Moreover, when the MW of PEG reached 1 000 g × mol–1, the crystallizability of stereocomplex crystallites was the best. Isothermal crystallization kinetics further revealed that PEG could accelerate the crystallization rate of sc-PLA, with the optimum crystallization kinetic parameters being obtained at 10%(wt) PEG. Several crystallization kinetics equations were applied to describe the effect of PEG on the crystallization behavior of sc-PLA. The influence of PEG on the spherocrystal morphologies of sc-PLA was also investigated using polarized optical microscopy.     

Effect of La and Co-doping on microstructure and electrical properties of Bi FeO_3 thin films

Adding both La3＋and Co3＋was used to tune the microstructure and electrical properties of Bi Fe O3（BFO） thin films, and Bi1-xLaxFe0.90Co0.10O3 thin films were grown on the Sr Ru O3-buffered Pt-coated silicon substrates by a radio frequency sputtering. A polycrystalline structure with（110） orientation was shown in thin films, and their resistivity dramatically increases as the La3＋content increases. Their dielectric constant increases,and dielectric loss decreases with increasing La3＋content.In addition, their ferroelectric and fatigue properties were enhanced with rising La3＋content. The thin films with x = 0.03 have optimum electrical properties（e.g., remanent polarization 2Pr＊ 175.6 l C/cm2, coercive field2Ec＊ 699.5 k V/mm, dielectric constant er＊ 257 and tan d ＊ 0.038）, together with a good fatigue behavior. The impendence analysis of the films was conducted to identify the defects type during conductivity, and both hopping electrons and single-charged oxygen vacancies are mainly responsible for the conduction of grain and grain boundaries regardless of La3＋content. As a result, the doping with both La3＋and Co3＋benefits the improvement in the electrical properties of BFO thin films.     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物及其交联聚氨酯弹性体的性能研究

通过改变聚乙二醇的用量,将丙交酯与聚乙二醇共聚制成嵌预聚体,用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯扩链后再用三羟甲基丙烷交联,制得系列聚氨酯型新颖性体。通过对其性能研究表明,随着ＰＥＧ含量的增加,共聚物的特性粘度降低,玻璃化转变温度降低,拉伸强度先升后降;聚氨酯弹性体的玻璃化转变温度降低,拉伸强度降低,而降解速度去加快。     

聚乙二醇-g-聚天冬氨酸(阿霉素)的制备与毒性

聚天冬氨酸侧链修饰得到聚乙二醇接枝聚天冬氨酸(PEG-g-PAsp),将此载体与抗癌药物阿霉素(ADR)反应,透析后得到PEG-g-PAsp(ADR)胶束.药物ADR作为胶束的核,PEG作为外壳,药物的包封率最高可达29.7%.进行的毒性分析表明形成的纳米粒子与纯药物相比,表现出了更高的抗肿瘤活性.从而证明PEG-g-PAsp可以作为一种非常有潜力的药物载体.     

聚乙二醇支载1,2,3-三唑化合物的合成

以聚乙二醇作为可溶性聚合物载体,得到了聚乙二醇支载的的邻叠氮苯甲酸酯,与炔酯发生1,3-偶极环加成反应后,以KCN作为解脱剂,从聚乙二醇上解脱得到1,2,3-三唑化合物,具有较好的产率,经红外、核磁及元素分析等检测,所得数据与其结构相符.     

可降解瓜尔胶载药微胶囊的聚乙二醇修饰

通过将三聚磷酸纳溶液滴加到阳离子瓜尔胶和聚乙二醇(PEG)混合水溶液中,利用多糖聚电解质的离子凝胶化反应首次制得经PEG修饰的可降解瓜尔胶微胶囊,并用扫描电镜对其表面形态和粒径大小进行了考察;通过对不同浓度牛血清白蛋白和阿司匹林二种模型药物的负载实验,发现修饰后的微胶囊比未经修饰的微胶囊有增大的负载百分率和载药量.     

聚乙二醇促进苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物碱解行为研究

本文研究了苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物（SAN）在二氧六环（DOA）中的碱解行为.结果表明聚乙二醇（PEG）能促进SAN的碱解,尤其是促进腈基转化为酰胺基;随反应时间的增加,酰胺基进一步转化为羧基;PEG分子链长对于SAN碱解的促进作用具有重要影响.     

PEG浓度及温度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为混合溶剂,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加剂制备聚砜(PSF)铸膜液,采用旋转流变仪测定PSF铸膜液黏度,采用浊点滴定法绘制浊点相图,定量研究了温度和PEG浓度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响.在剪切速率0-100 s-1范围内,对铸膜液剪切速率和剪切应力的检测值进行拟合,得知聚砜铸膜液为牛顿流体,进而求出聚砜铸膜液的黏度值.结果表明,聚砜铸膜液黏度随PEG浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小.PEG减弱了铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,加速铸膜液的液一液相分离;温度升高可增大铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,减缓铸膜液的液一液相分离,