准噶尔盆地下侏罗统页岩气形成条件

准噶尔盆地是中国西部的大型含油气盆地之一,沉积了多套烃源岩层,其中,侏罗系是盆地最重要的气源岩, 蕴含巨大的页岩气资源。通过钻井、录井、露头、岩芯资料及样品分析结果,从泥页岩的展布及埋藏条件、有机地球化 学特征、储层条件和含气特征几方面,研究下侏罗统页岩气的形成条件并对页岩气有利的勘探层位和区带进行了预 测。准噶尔盆地下侏罗统泥页岩广泛发育,以盆地西北缘及南缘沉积厚度最大;埋藏深度1 000～9 000 m,整体上具有 自北向南逐渐增加趋势;泥页岩有机碳含量较高,有机质类型以III 和II2 为主,具有倾气特征,有机质演化处于未成 熟高成熟阶段。泥页岩储层具有孔隙度低、黏土含量高的特点,储集空间以微裂缝为主。实验测得下侏罗统泥页岩 平均吸附含气量为1.42 m3/t。泥页岩段气测显示活跃,通过现场解吸试验证实了泥页岩中有天然气赋存。综合对比研 究认为,准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组为页岩气最有利的勘探层位,达巴松中拐地区为页岩气勘探最有利目标区。     

中上扬子地区下古生界海相页岩气储层特征及勘探潜力

中上扬子地区下古生界海相地层中发育多套富有机质泥(页)岩,成为中国南方页岩气勘探开发的重点地区。作者在对油气藏成因类型进行划分的基础上,认为该类泥(页)岩油气藏属于源岩油气藏的一种。按照控制源岩型气藏分布的主要地质参数,分析了中上扬子地区下寒武统筇竹寺组/牛蹄塘组和下志留统龙马溪组2套富有机质页岩储层的有机碳含量、有机碳质量分数>2%的页岩层厚度及Ro分布特征。通过分析认为这2套地层有机质丰度高、热演化程度高、分布广泛,具备页岩气赋存的基本地质条件。根据这2套页岩气储层分布特征,确定筇竹寺组/牛蹄塘组泥(页)岩气藏有利勘探区块在川南、鄂西和黔北地区;龙马溪组泥(页)岩气藏勘探有利区块分布在川南-滇北区块、川东-鄂西区块和川北区块。     

松辽盆地梨树断陷营城组一段页岩气成藏条件分析

松辽盆地梨树断陷下白垩统发育的泥页岩是页岩气成藏的有利物质基础;其中,苏家屯次洼以及桑树台洼陷东南部的营城组一段地层是含气泥页岩的有利勘探目标,目的层埋深较深,且泥页岩最大厚度超过200 m,具有有机质丰度、热演化程度较高、储集和保存条件较好的特点。通过对梨树断陷营一段的地质条件、地化条件、物性条件、保存条件及区域展布特征等几个方面来分析评价页岩气成藏条件,为该区页岩气资源的勘探提供依据。     

齐家-古龙凹陷青一段页岩气有利区预测及资源潜力评价

运用体积法对齐家-古龙凹陷青一段页岩气进行资源潜力评价。对目的层泥页岩的各项地球化学指标、泥页岩含气特征进行分析,总体评价目的层泥页岩含气性。利用改进后的ΔlgR测井识别技术对目标层位进行TOC非均质性评价,得到齐家-古龙凹陷内59口井的连续计算TOC值,继而依据TOC与含气量的关系,预测目的层含气量,在确定体积法其他相关参数后,参照页岩气有利区划分标准划分出齐家-古龙凹陷青一段页岩气有利区并计算有利区内页岩气资源量。通过对相关资料的整理分析预测可知:齐家-古龙凹陷泥页岩发育,有机质丰度高,类型好,页岩气有利区主要集中于古龙凹陷,面积约为840 km2,地层厚度大,成熟度高,地质资源量约为3 960.71×108m3,具有较好的页岩气勘探前景。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7页岩气储层裂缝特征及其控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组发育多套富含有机质泥页岩,勘探实践表明页岩气勘探前景良好。裂缝研究是页岩气勘探开发研究的重要内容,其对页岩气勘探选区、压力造缝等具有指导作用。笔者通过野外地质调查、岩心观察、铸体薄片等手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组长7段裂缝特征进行了研究,分析了裂缝控制因素。分析了研究区三种不同尺度的裂缝：露头节理（裂缝）、岩心裂缝、微裂缝。研究结果表明,有机质丰度、矿物成分、岩性是裂缝发育的控制因素。     

桂中盆地页岩气地质条件及潜力分析

研究桂中盆地页岩气发育的地质条件并分析其勘探潜力。对桂中盆地近期一口页岩气钻井的产气特征和岩心开展了TOC、Ro等测试分析。该井位于柳城县白芒村附近,钻进过程中在井深为248.33m的下石炭统寺门组泥页岩层系砂岩夹层中出现井涌及天然气喷漏,日产气量3 000~4 000m3,持续几天后无明显衰减迹象,揭示了良好的页岩气潜力。该井寺门组泥页岩TOC的质量分数为0.54%~1.59%,平均值为1.07%,为较好的烃源岩层;砂岩夹层中见丰富的沥青,其反射率Rb为1.64%~2.1%。寺门组泥页岩烃源岩和沥青热裂解生气保证了泥页岩层系充足的气源供应。桂中盆地中下泥盆统和下石炭统深灰色或黑色泥页岩层系广泛发育,为高演化的优质烃源岩层并且具有较大的厚度,构成页岩气大规模赋存的基础地质条件。经过长期的油气勘探,已在不少钻井揭示页岩气的显示,展示了较好的页岩气勘探前景。     

梨树断陷营一段页岩气资源评价

由于我国页岩气勘探开发仍处于不成熟阶段,页岩气资源评价需用多种方法。通过对目的层段的钻井取心及对取心资料的地球化学分析、X衍射资料、扫描电镜等资料分析,结合研究区页岩气成藏条件,基于有机质丰度、有机质成熟度、泥页岩厚度、埋深和地表条件等5方面,建立了页岩气远景区、有利区和目标区优选参数体系,并采用概率体积法计算出了其地质资源量。研究发现梨树断陷页岩气丰富,具有巨大的勘探潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7页岩气勘探潜力分析

鄂尔多斯盆地是大型富含油气盆地,发育多套页岩层系,具备页岩气成藏的物质基础。为查明鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7页岩气的勘探潜力,本文在区内及邻区老井复查、岩心观察的基础上,利用有机地球化学和岩石学分析、含气量测试等多种手段,分析了长7页岩的基本特征、地化及含气性特征。在此基础上,对长7页岩气勘探潜力作了初步评价。结果表明,长7页岩埋深和厚度适中,有机质具有混合型的特点,且以Ⅱ1型为主,有机质含量高;岩石中脆性矿物石英含量不低,裂缝发育;长7全段含气量较高,其中以长73最优,可达6. 63 m3/t,是长7页岩气勘探的有利层位;研究区内泥页岩厚度大、含气量高的张家湾和直罗地区为页岩气勘探的有利区。     

湘中地区涟源凹陷下石炭统页岩气藏形成条件

在观察野外地质露头和综合分析样品测试数据的基础上,对湘中地区涟源凹陷下石炭统暗色泥页岩的厚度与区域分布、有机质丰度、有机质类型、成熟度以及储层矿物学特征、烃源岩热演化史等页岩气藏形成条件进行研究。研究结果表明:与美国主要盆地的页岩气产区相比,该区暗色泥页岩的厚度较大且区域分布广泛,有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,具有成熟高、脆性矿物丰富、物性较好、储渗空间相对较好等特点;采用地质类比法预测出涟源凹陷3个层位的页岩气总资源量为(0.223~0.460)×1012 m3;涟源凹陷的新化—冷水江一带是页岩气发育的最有利区。     

湘西北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气有利地质条件及成藏区带优选

在对湘西北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩露头观察和取样分析基础上,对黑色页岩的平面展布、岩性特征、有机质类型、有机碳质量分数、页岩成熟度、储层矿物特征、页岩气储盖特征等参数进行评价。应用地质类比法评价研究区的各地质参数。研究结果表明:区内页岩厚度大,平面分布稳定,有机质类型以Ⅰ和Ⅱ1型为主,有机碳质量分数高,成熟度高,脆性矿物丰富,储盖条件较好;研究区与沃斯堡盆地Barnett页岩较相似;评价区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩的评价参数的地质风险得分为0.052,下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气地质资源量为(2.54~3.38)×1012 m3;温塘—大庸—慈利一带为页岩气勘探目标区,花垣—保靖—永顺及龙山茨岩塘一带为勘探有利区,桑植—石门复向斜南翼为勘探远景区。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.