Carboniferous adakites and Nb-enriched arc basaltic rocks association in the Alataw Mountains, north Xinjiang： interactions between slab melt and mantle peridotite and implications for crustal growth

Adakites and Nb-enriched arc basaltic rocks (NEABs) in arc setting, which are closely correlated in petrogenesis, have recently been widely followed with interest[1—9]. In general, adakite is derived from partial melting of subducting oceanic crust[1]. When adakitic magma (slab melt) passes through the mantle wedge, the interactions between slab melt and mantle peridotite will occur: slab melt is contaminated by peridotite, meanwhile peridotite is metasomated by slab melt. The NEABs are d…     

An overview of adakite petrogenesis

ADAKITE IS A PETROLOGIC TERM THAT DEFANT AND DRUM-MOND[1] FIRST INTRODUCED ~ 15 YEARS AGO TO REFER TO “VOL- CANIC OR INTRUSIVE ROCKS IN CENOZOIC ARCS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBDUCTION OF YOUNG (≤25 MA) OCEANIC LITHO- SPHERE”; THESE ROCKS ARE “CHARACTERIZED B…     

Adakite-type sodium-rich rocks in Awulale Mountain of west Tianshan: Significance for the vertical growth of continental crust

The sodium-rich dacites and albite porphyries of Permian in the Awulale Mountain of west Tianshan have unique chemical and trace element signatures identical to adakite. These intermediate-acidic igneous rocks are characterized by high Na2O, Al₂O₃ and Sr contents and high Sr/Y and La/Y ratios (＞40 and ＞20, respectively), and low Y and Yb contents, and strong depletion in HREE, and positive Eu anomaly. The (^{143Nd/₁₄₄Nd)_i} is in the range from 0.51236 to 0.51248 and the e_Nd(t) is positive value (+0.79—+3.11); the (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)^_i is in the range from 0.7052 to 0.7054. These Nd and Sr isotopic composition features indicate that the source rocks of these adakite-type rocks are from a weakly depleted mantle, or a depleted mantle, but was contaminated by the crustal materials. These adakite-type rocks were most likely derived from the partial melting of new underplated basaltic rocks under the conditions of amphibolite to eclogite transition in the postcollisional environment of North Xinjiang during the Permian Period. They are not only the Phanerozoic juvenile crust materials, but also are probably animportant symbol of the underplating of mantle- derived basaltic magmas and the vertical growth of continental crust in the west Tianshan area during the postcollision of Late Paleozoic.     

Eocene high grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes,Southern Tibet

Determination of the timing and geochemical nature of early metamorphic and anatectic events in the Himalayan orogen may provide key insights into the physical and chemical behavior of lower crustal materials during the early stage of tectonic evolution in large-scale collisional belts.The Yardoi gneiss dome is the easternmost dome of the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes(NHGD),and contains three types of amphibolites with distinct mineral assemblage,elemental and radiogenic isotope geochemistry,as well as various types of gneisses.SHRIMP zircon U/Pb analyses on the garnet amphibolite and garnet-bearing biotite granitic gneiss yield ages of nearly peak metamorphism at 45.0±1.0 Ma and 47.6±1.8 Ma,respectively,which are 2 to 4 Ma older than the age for partial melting in migmatitic garnet amphibolite(43.5±1.3 Ma).Available data have demonstrated that ultra-high pressure metamorphism in the Tethyan Himalaya occurred at ～55 Ma,and high amphibolite facies to granulite facies metamorphism at 45 to 47 Ma.In addition,partial melting at thickened crustal conditions occurred at 43.5±1.3 Ma,which led to the formation of high Sr/Y ratios two-mica granites.The high-grade metamorphic rocks in the NHGD may represent the subducted front of the Indian continental lithosphere.In large collisional belts,fertile components in crustal materials could melt and form granitic melts with relatively high Na/K and Sr/Y ratios under thickened crustal conditions,significantly different from those formed by decompressional melting during rapid exhumation.     

Early Oligocene anatexis in the Yardoi gneiss dome, southern Tibet and geological implications

The Yardoi gneiss dome is located to the easternmost of the North Himalayan Gneiss Dome (NHGD), southern Tibet. It consists of metapelite, garnet amphibolite, granite and leucogranite, and is a key subject to constrain the formation and tectonic evolution of NHGD. SHRIMP zircon U/Pb data on the leucogranite yield an age of 35.3±1.1 Ma, which is substantially older than that of the similar leucogranites to the west. Sr and Nd isotope systematics indicate that this leucogranite was derived from partial melting of the mixed garnet amphibolite and metapelite. Our data suggest that (1) during the early stage of Himalayan magmatism, amphibolite dehydration melting overwhelmed that of the metapelite; and (2) such a melting at middle-lower crust might be a major factor that initiated the movement along the Southern Tibetan Detachment System (STDS). Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40673027), the Outlay Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Grant No. 20071120101125), and the Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences     

内蒙古四子王旗地区中二叠世火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

对华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带结合部位的内蒙古四子王旗地区出露的一套原定为中?下侏罗统的流纹岩进行岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和Hf同位素组成研究, 确定其岩石成因及地球动力学意义。新获得的流纹岩和流纹斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄分别为262±2和261±2 Ma, 表明流纹岩的时代应为中二叠世晚期。四子王旗地区流纹岩多属高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列岩石, 具有高硅、高碱、富铝以及贫钙、贫镁的特征。稀土元素总量较大, 配分曲线明显右倾, 具有中度到重度Eu负异常, 富集大离子亲石元素Rb, Th和轻稀土元素, 亏损Nb, Ta, Sr和Ba等元素。火山岩的ε_Hf(t)为负值(-25.97~-11.94), 可能主要来源于古老地壳熔融岩浆。该套火山岩具有高硅流纹岩的地球化学特征, 表明岩浆经历过结晶分异过程, 岩浆喷出与深部幔源岩浆的加热有关。结合相关构造判别图解, 判断该套火山岩可能形成于后碰撞伸展阶段。     

房山岩体的岩浆来源、形成机制及动力学意义

房山岩体是华北东部典型的燕山期中酸性侵入杂岩体,其地球化学特征为富Si、Na、Al、Sr,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta),轻重稀土分异强烈,Sr-Nd同位素具有类似EMI型富集地幔的特点,表明其岩浆来自于加厚下地壳的部分熔融,并且中生代华北东部下地壳已经被早先的富集岩石圈地幔置换.不同基性程度岩浆的不完全混合是形成微粒闪长质包体的原因.侵入杂岩的角闪石压力计显示下地壳部分熔融形成的中酸性岩浆先后在19~8 km里的深度范围内结晶就位.古太平洋板块在地幔过渡带深度于早白垩世水平俯冲至太行山一线,洋壳脱水导致上覆地幔部分熔融,后者成为加热下地壳部分熔融的热源.     

北祁连西段熬油沟——-二只哈拉达坂蛇绿岩的形成环境和时代

熬油沟蛇绿岩是北祁连造山带西段最具代表性的蛇绿岩残片之一。运用SHRIMPⅡ锆石U-Pb法, 对北祁连造山带西段的熬油沟和二只哈拉达坂两地出露的细粒辉长岩和粒玄岩进行了精确同位素测年。采自熬油沟剖面的细粒辉长岩样品 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄数据分布在一个很小的范围(490~508 Ma), 其加权平均年龄为501±4 Ma (MSWD=1.09); 采自二只哈拉剖面的粒玄岩样品年龄值稍小, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为495±4 Ma (MSWD=0.98)。结合详细的野外调查、矿物化学和地球化学研究, 认为熬油沟?二只哈拉达坂蛇绿岩构造破坏严重, 其中基性岩浆岩代表早?中寒武世的北祁连洋壳。与新元古界朱龙关群碳酸盐岩和砂泥岩整合产出 的玄武岩不能作为蛇绿岩的喷出岩系列, 而有可能是震旦纪的大陆溢流玄武岩, 代表新元古代全球Rodinia大陆裂解的岩浆产物。     

Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of eclogites from the North Qilian Mountains in NW China and their tectonic implication

TheNorthQilianMountainsattheboundarybe-tweenGansuandQinghaiProvincesareafamousCaledo-nianplatesuturezoneinthenorthwesternChina.Thissuturezoneis80to100kmwideandextendsintheNWdirectionparalleltotheNorthQaidamUHPbeltinthesouth[1,2].Itconsistspredominantlyofophiolite,island-arccomplexandhigh-presuremetamorphicrocks[38],andshowstypicalfeaturesofPacific-type[9](orB-type)sub-ductionzone.Spatially,thehigh-pressurerockscanbesubdividedintohigh-gradeblueschistbeltandlow-gradeblueschistbelt[5,6].Th…     

Multistage evolution of continental collision orogen: A case study for western Dabie orogen

The foramtion and evolution of collisional orogen is a prominent feature along convergent plate margins, and is generally a complex process. This article presents an integrated study of zircon genesis, U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotope composition as well as geological characteristics for the western Dabie orogen to constrain its multi-stage evolution history. The results suggest that the formation of oceanic crust in the Huwan area was constrained at ca. 400--430 Ma, which was slightly later than the collision of the northern Qinling with the North China Block. It formed in a marginal basin in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block. The peak metamorphism of eclogite in the Huwan area occurred at ca. 310 Ma, and the timing of the initial exhumation of oceanic eclogite was about 270 Ma. The high to ultrahigh pressure （HP-UHP） metamorphic rocks in the Xinxian and the Hong＇an metamorphic zones have the same ages and natures as those of the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks in the other Dabie-Sulu terrains, and also have experienced multi-stage exhumation, and thus can be taken as a coherent part of the Dabie-Sulu orogen. Therefore, the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen is a typical multi-stage continental collision orogen, with an amalgamation process extending more than 200 Ma.     

Process and mechanism of mountain-root removal of the Dabie Orogen—Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of post-collisional igneous rocks

Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the oro- gen was partially melted to form low-Mg# adakitic rocks at 143-131 Ma. Delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust occurred at 130 Ma, which caused the mantle upwelling and following mafic and granitic magmatic intrusions. Mig- matite in the North Dabie zone, coeval with the formation of low-Mg# adakitic intrusions in the Dabie orogen, was formed by partial melting of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level. This paper argues that the partial melting of thickened lower and middle crust before mountain-root collapse needs lithospheric thinning. Based on the geothermal gradient of 6.6~C/km for lithospheric mantle and initial partial melting temperature of ~1000~C for the lower mafic crust, it can be estimated that the thickness of lithospheric mantle beneath thickened lower crust has been thinned to 〈45 km when the thickened lower crust was melting. Thus, a two-stage model for mountain-root removal is proposed. First, the lithospheric mantle keel was partially removal by mantle convection at 145 Ma. Loss of the lower lithosphere would increase heat flow into the base of the crust and would cause middle-lower crustal melting. Second, partial melting of the thickened lower crust has weakened the lower crust and increased its gravity instability, thus triggering delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust or mountain-root collapse. Therefore, convective removal and delamination of the thickened lower crust as two mechanisms of lithospheric thin- ning are related to causality.     

藏北羌塘南缘早白垩世青草山强过铝质S型花岗岩的成因: 来自地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的约束

藏北羌塘南缘扎普?多不杂岩浆弧内的青草山花岗岩体由花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩组成, 目前缺乏地球化学和年代学数据来约束其成因和形成时代。用 LA-ICP-MS 方法测得石英二长斑岩锆石 206Pb/238U 年龄加权平均值为122±1 Ma (MSWD=3.9), 花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄为114.6±1.2 Ma (MSWD=1.1), 表明岩体形成于早白垩世。岩体含白云母、堇青石, 无角闪石, 具有富铝(A1₂O₃ 含量: 14.81%~15.86%)、贫钙(CaO 含量: 1.10%~2.44%)、总碱含量高(K₂O+Na₂O 含量: 6.86%~8.80%)的特征, 铝饱和指数 A/CNK 为1.06~1.20, 在 CIPW 标准矿物计算中出现刚玉分子(1.20%~2.86%), 未出现透辉石, 表明该岩体为一套强过铝质亚碱性 S 型花岗岩。(La/Yb)N=3.24~16.20, LREE/HREE=4.37~12.4, 在配分曲线上显示左高右低的特征, 富集Rb, Th, U, K, La, Ce 等大离子亲石元素, 亏损Ta, Nb, P, Ti, Y 等高场强元素, 具有较典型的岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征。研究结果揭示, 青草山花岗岩为班公湖?怒江洋壳北向俯冲背景下, 上地壳杂砂岩质成分发生部分熔融作用的产物。     

Ore-forming event and geodynamic setting of molybdenum deposit at Wenquan in Gansu Province, Western Qinling

The Wenquan molybdenum deposit is associated with a Triassic granite in this area. The Wenquan granite is enriched in LILE and LREE, poor in HFSE, and has significantly higher contents of alkali （K2O＋Na2O） and Sr, Ba than those of the island arc volcanic rocks. These geochemical characteristics are similar to post-collisional granites in high K calc-alkaline series. Studies of major elements, trace elements, REEs and chronology of the Wenquan pluton show that, in the geodynamic transition stage of continent-continent convergence to extension, the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle generated the basaltic magma and triggered the partial melting of the thickened lower crust which produceded the acidic magma, and the Wenquan pluton was formed by mixing of the two magmas. Molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating gave Os model ages of 212.7±2.6 Ma to 215.1±2.6 Ma with a weighted mean of 214.1±1.1 Ma, and an Re-Os isochron age of 214.4±7.1 Ma. These ages are close to K-Ar ages （223 to 226 Ma） and a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age （223±7 Ma） for the Wenquan granite within the error range, but relatively younger. This implies that the Mo mineralization occurred in a late stage of the magmatic intrusion, and the metallogenesis took place in the transition stage from syn-collision to post-collision in the tectonic setting of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB） after continental collision between the North China Block （NCB） and the South China Block （SCB）. This process is also corresponding to the geological events of metamorphism and deformation in South Qinling, closure of the Mian-Lue oceanic basin, and exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. The large-scale continent-continent collision between NCB and SCB in the middle Triassic triggered significant crustal thickening and exhumation of subducted slab. In the late Triassic, the tectonic setting was transformed to the transition stage from collision to extension. Materials from the asthenospheric mantle would ascend into the root of the lower crust, which could induce partial melting of the lower crust and generate Mo-enriched granitic magma. The ore-forming elements enriched in the fluid derived from the condensation and fraction of the magma resulted in the Mo mineralization. The Mo deposits in the QOB are mainly formed in two episodes, namely 220± Ma and 140± Ma. The two episodes of metallogenesis were developed in the tectonic transition settings from compression to extension, but they were in the different stages of the tectonic evolution. The occurrence of the Wenquan Mo-bearing pluton indicates that the Triassic tectonic-magmatic belt of Western Qinling is another favorable region for Mo mineralization in the QOB. Therefore, it is significant to pay more attention to evaluation of the ore-forming potentiality in the Triassic granites in Western Qinling.     

Finding of Neoproterozoic （～775 Ma） magmatism recorded in metamorphic complexes from the North Qilian orogen： Evidence from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating

The Qilian Mountain is considered a part of the Cen- tral Orogenic Belt of China[1]. The Central Orogenic Belt of China, extending for a distance of about 4000 km long in the E-W direction from the east coast west- ward through the mainland China all the …     

华北北缘大青山小井沟岩体年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

为了加深对华北北缘晚古生代构造背景以及古亚洲洋闭合时限的认识, 对华北北缘大青山地区小井沟花岗岩开展了年代学、地球化学和同位素研究。分别利用LA-MC-ICP-MS, ICP-AES和ICP-MS等方法进行锆石U-Pb测年, 主、微量和稀土元素分析以及锆石Hf同位素测试。结果表明, 小井沟岩体侵位于二叠纪, 侵位年龄为275±1 Ma (MSWD=0.93)。该花岗岩具有高硅(SiO₂=70.72%~72.64%)、高钾(K₂O=4.19%~4.23%)的特点, A/CNK均约为1.1, 属于弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列, 稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为87.67~101.51 μg/g, 配分曲线呈右倾型, 具有微弱的Eu负异常, 富集大离子亲石元素(LILE, 如Rb, Ba, K, Sr等), 亏损高场强元素(HFSEs, 如Nb, Ta, Y, Yb, Lu等), 应该是由下地壳部分熔融形成。该花岗岩的锆石具有负的ε_Hf(t)值(-9.56~-5.00), 模式年龄(T_DM2)在1.91~1.61 Ga之间, 表明华北陆块古元古代的地壳岩石应该是其主要物源, 可能有幔源物质的参与。结合整个华北北缘二叠纪花岗岩的岩浆演变特征, 小井沟岩体应形成于由俯冲向碰撞-后碰撞转变的过渡时期, 古亚洲洋可能在晚二叠世之前已闭合。     

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province: 40Ar39Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise 40Ar39Ar dating results demonstrate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7-124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ( 0.708715-0.711418)and distinctly negative εNd values ( -11.47 - -17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (206Pb/204pb=17.341-17.622,207pb/204Pb=15.525-15.538, 208Pb/204pb = 37.563-37.684).Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low εNd values ( -11.57 - -19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings,and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic compositions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is concluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was caused by source contamination and metasomatism of subducted continental crustal materials.``     

甘肃北山桥湾北花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为加深对北山晚古生代构造演化的认识, 选取位于甘肃北山南带、敦煌地块北缘的桥湾北花岗岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究。桥湾北角闪石花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为303.7±2.4 Ma, ε_Hf(t)为-1.2~5.8, ε_Nd(t)相对较高(-0.40~-0.06), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i =(0.704524~0.705062)。 桥湾北花岗岩体K₂O含量为4.09%~5.58%, 属高钾钙碱性岩石, A/CNK值在0.92~1.04之间, 为I型花岗岩; 微量元素较富集LILE, 相对亏损HFSE, 有明显的Nb, Ta负异常。岩体具相对富集的微弱分馏的轻稀土元素, 重稀土元素分馏不明显, 基本没有Eu异常。由Hf, Nd同位素及地球化学特征判断, 桥湾北花岗岩体为壳幔混合成因, 其形式可以是底侵的幔源岩浆再分异, 上升过程中遭受地壳物质混染。根据区域构造背景及岩石学、地球化学特征, 可以认为桥湾北岩体是北山南带后碰撞过程岩浆活动的产物, 反映出在晚石炭世北山地区的碰撞拼贴已经完成。     

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Luyashan charnockitic rocks in Shanxi Province: Constraints from Geochemistry and Nd isotope

Luyashan charnockite pluton mainly consists of monzonite, adamellite, charnockite and syenogranite, which are characterized by the enrichment of TiO2, P2O5, K2O, Zr, Nb, Y, Pb, La, Ce, Ba and a higher K2O/Na2O and depletion of MgO, CaO, Mg#, Th, U and lower Sr/Ba and Rb/Ba. The negative correlations between Zr, Nb, Ce and SiO2 are distinct from I-type granites. Iso-topically Luyashan charnockite plutons are relatively uniform in Nd isotope, displaying initial εNd(t) (-5.93 to -6.97) and Nd depleted mantle model ages (2.67 Ga to 2.78Ga). These features indicate that Luyashan charnockitic magma derived from pre-existing late Archean crustal sources and the partial melting of mafic granulites probably under exceptionally high temperature with CO2-rich fluid. The garnet is a main residual phase during the partial melting. The original dry charnockitic magma experienced crystal fractionation of pyroxene, plagioclase, apatite and ilmenite during early crystallization. The geochemical evidence suggests that the Luyashan charnockitic magma was probably generated in the post-collision thermal relaxation and uplift tectonic setting after the main collision ( - 1850 Ma) between the Eastern and Western continental blocks.     

Zircon U-Pb age of granitic gneiss on Duku highway in western Tianshan of China and its geological implications

Granitic gneiss on Duku highway in western Tianshan has been dated by the U-Pb zircon method. When plotted on the concordia diagram, the results give linear data array and the upper intercept age of (882 ± 33)Ma, and the age was considered as the crystallization age of the protolith. Granitic gneiss has high ASI value (1.09), high LILE and LREE contents, significantly negative Eu depletion, distinctly negative Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Nb anomalies and indicate continental crust parentage, which is consistent with high initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios value (0.7170) and very negative ε_Nd(t)=-14.1. The protolith magma is interpreted as a product of partial melting of the basement rocks of older basement crust.     

Petrogenesis and significance of the Hongshan syenitic pluton,South Taihang: zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age, chemical compositions and Sr-Nd isotopes

The Hongshan syenitic pluton (South Taihang) is mainly made up of hornblende syenite and minor granite. SHRIMP zircon dating yields a U-Pb age of 135±2.7 Ma for the emplacement of the pluton, while biotite Rb-Sr isotopic data give an isochron of 120. 3±2.4 Ma. Hongshan syenites show low silica, high alkalis and LILE such as Sr, and exhibit negligible Eu anomalies or slightly positive anomalies in the REE patterns. The syenites show quite enriched isotopic compositions with Isr from 0.7052 to 0. 7102 and εNd(t) from -7.5 to - 11.1. Petrogenesis of the pluton can be that partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle gave birth to an alkali basaltic magma, which subsequently underplated in the lower crust and experienced a coupled fractionation of ferromagnesian phases like pyroxene and hornblende and minor (<10 %) contamination of lower continental crust, producing the Hongshan syenites that partially e-volved into granite through combined fractionation of hornblende and feldspar. Our data are not in agreement with a previous model that the syenites originated from melting of lower crust in a thickened crust circumstance, and thus do not support the speculation of "East China Plateau" in the Mesozoic.