无机盐调控含氮螯合树脂对铜镍的分离性能研究

采用无机盐调控重金属离子的分离方法,研究了含氮螯合树脂M4195在pH=1～5条件下,NaNO3浓度在(0～10 mmol/L)范围下对单双组份Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能,考察了M4195树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)离子的选择性分离规律。pH=1时,无机盐的引入对双组份中Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)离子的吸附量影响不大,不会显著提升Cu(Ⅱ)/Ni(Ⅱ)离子的分离性能。p H=5时,含氮螯合树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能随着NaNO3浓度的增加而提升,Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附量约增大了12%;而Ni(Ⅱ)离子的吸附量随着NaNO3的加入而显著下降,Ni(Ⅱ)离子吸附量约降低了40%,且在NaNO3浓度为0～10 mmol/L时Cu(Ⅱ)/Ni(Ⅱ)离子的分离性能为最佳。这项研究为含盐水体中Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)离子的分离去除和纯化提供了新的思路。     

山核桃壳对低温水环境中铜离子的吸附效果

为了研究利用山核桃壳作为生物吸附剂去除水溶液中的Cu(Ⅱ)离子,探讨了不同条件溶液pH、吸附时间、Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度对吸附效率的影响。实验结果表明:山核桃壳对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附率在pH为5.0的时候为可达到最大90.44%;随着初始Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度的增加吸附率逐渐减小;FTIR显示山核桃壳的一些化学基团与吸附Cu(Ⅱ)离子有关;山核桃壳对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附过程与Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线相关性较高。山核桃壳是一种很有前景去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)离子的生物吸附剂。     

大豆秸秆生物炭对废水中Ni(II)的吸附性能

为了能以更有效更经济的方法去除废水中的Ni(Ⅱ),选用成本低廉的大豆秸秆制备生物炭作为吸附剂,研究了炭化温度、溶液pH、吸附剂投加量、溶液温度、Cd(Ⅱ)质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,得到了最佳的吸附条件,开拓了去除重金属镍的新方法,同时研究了生物炭对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和吸附等温线。实验表明,大豆秸秆生物炭对Ni(Ⅱ)有较好的吸附性能,Ni(Ⅱ)质量浓度为20mg/L,炭化温度为500℃,pH为7,投加量为0.2g,室温为25℃,Cd(Ⅱ)质量浓度为0为最佳吸附条件。吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程。吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,25℃时饱和吸附量为14.38mg/L。扫描电镜分析显示,炭化使得秸秆孔道结构增多,表面粗糙程度加剧,比表面积增大,从而提高了吸附性能。     

NDA-36树脂处理含铜、镍电镀废水工艺研究

通过采用吸附及再生的实验方法,针对性地研究了NDA-36树脂对龙溪电镀基地实际废水中铜、镍离子的富集回收效果。结果显示,NDA-36树脂在p H依次为3、5,温度为313 K时,对Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附效果达到最佳。Langmuir等温方程对等温吸附线具有较好的拟合效果,拟合分析结果表明NDA-36树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的最大饱和吸附量分别达到1.971mmol/g和1.130 mmol/g。动态吸附条件下,当出水分别为3 BV、1 BV时Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的依次穿透点。再生实验使Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)再生液最高浓度分别提高到了初始浓度的2.5倍、1.75倍,且回收率均接近100%。该实验为NDA-36树脂在龙溪电镀基地铜、镍的回收工艺提供了实验和数据支持。     

铁观音茶梗对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原吸附

通过单因素实验,研究了铁观音茶梗作为一种新型吸附剂,将水体中毒性极强的重金属Cr(Ⅵ)还原为低毒性甚至无毒的Cr(Ⅲ)的去除效果。通过吸附等温模型和吸附动力学模型对试验参数进行拟合,并通过SEM、BET、FTIR、XPS等多种表征方法对吸附机理进行探讨。结果表明:茶梗粒径越大、投加量越多,pH≤11时,茶梗对Cr(Ⅵ)都有较高的去除率;且共存离子Ca(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)对茶梗还原吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响很小。吸附过程较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型。一定条件下,铁观音茶梗、普洱茶茶梗、甲醛改性茶梗对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果优于活性炭。表征结果证明茶梗主要通过还原吸附作用去除水中的Cr(Ⅵ),羟基、氨基和酰基等活性基团参与了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原吸附。     

粉末活性炭对水中重金属离子的吸附性能研究

活性炭是一种具有丰富孔隙结构和巨大比表面积的碳质吸附材料,在污水净化领域具有广泛的应用价值.根据单一变量原则,研究了粉末活性炭对水中重金属离子Cr(VI)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附作用.实验结果表明,粉末活性炭能有效去除3种重金属离子,且去除效果受温度、吸附时间、活性炭用量、溶液p H值的影响.随着活性炭用量、温度或吸附时间的增加,3种离子的去除率先增后减,而溶液p H值增加时,Cu(Ⅱ)离子的去除率几乎不变,Cr(VI)和Fe(Ⅲ)离子的去除率却逐渐降低.吸附时间超过30 min时,粉末活性炭对3种离子中的Cu(Ⅱ)离子去除效果最好,去除率达90%以上.Cu(Ⅱ)离子的去除最优条件为40℃(温度)、30 min(吸附时间)、0.15 g(活性炭用量)和2.0(p H).     

石英砂负载巯基材料去除Hg(Ⅱ)离子影响因素的响应曲面分析

目的研究石英砂负载巯基材料(SFQ)去除Hg(Ⅱ)离子过程中各因素的影响,优化Hg(Ⅱ)离子去除条件.方法采用响应曲面(RSM)试验中的中心组合设计(CCD)方法,以吸附时间、Hg(Ⅱ)离子质量浓度和pH作为试验因子,建立3因素3水平响应曲面回归模型,以Hg(Ⅱ)离子的去除率作为响应值进行全面分析,并验证模型的准确度.结果响应曲面CCD建立的吸附模型对SFQ吸附Hg(Ⅱ)离子拟合度较高,R~2=0.982 2,模型优化所得的最佳条件为:Hg(Ⅱ)离子质量浓度为0.96 mg/L,pH值为3.78,处理时间为102.94 min.在此条件下,Hg(Ⅱ)去除率为92.05%.试验结果与模型预测值符合,理论值与实测相对误差不超过2%.结论 SFQ吸附Hg(Ⅱ)离子去除率的影响因素大小顺序依次为:pH、Hg(Ⅱ)离子质量浓度、吸附时间.SFQ对污水中Hg(Ⅱ)离子去除率较高,可以将SFQ材料应用于含汞废水的处理.     

凹凸棒土负载纳米Fe/Ni的制备及其去除水中Zn(Ⅱ)性能研究

采用液相还原法制备以凹凸棒土为载体的纳米双金属Fe/Ni复合材料,通过Zn(Ⅱ)静态吸附试验,确定了除Zn(Ⅱ)效果最佳的Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料,即纳米铁与凹凸棒土的负载比为1∶2、Fe/Ni双金属中Ni掺杂比为2%,并考察了Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度、pH及环境温度对该复合材料去除水中Zn(Ⅱ)效果的影响。结果表明,经过凹凸棒土负载和掺杂Ni改性以后,Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料的Zn(Ⅱ)去除率显著提高,颗粒团聚状况得到改善,比表面积明显增加。在实验条件范围内,较高的溶液pH值、环境温度以及较低的Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度均有利于Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料对Zn(Ⅱ)的去除。该过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,吸附机理为零价铁表面氧化物与Zn(Ⅱ)的配合作用,此外,水中Zn(Ⅱ)也可以通过生成Zn(OH)_2沉淀的形式去除。     

响应面法探究花生壳炭吸附水中镍离子的最优改性条件

为提高对水中镍离子的去除效率,获得高效且成本低廉的吸附材料,以废弃的花生壳为原料自制花生壳炭,并用高锰酸钾和氢氧化钾对其进行改性。利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计实验,采用响应面法得到花生壳炭吸附镍离子的最优改性条件。通过SEM、BET等分析方法对改性前后的花生壳炭进行表征,了解其形貌与结构的变化,并对吸附反应前后的改性花生壳炭进行FTIR分析,初步探讨其对Ni（Ⅱ）的吸附机理。结果表明,最优的改性条件为：热处理温度361℃,氢氧化钾与炭的质量比2.5,高锰酸钾的质量浓度0.76%。用该条件下改性的花生壳炭吸附水中的镍离子,得到的吸附量为85.02 mg/g,是改性前的15.6倍,吸附性能优越,具有良好的实用价值。FTIR结果表明-OH、-NH₂是参与吸附反应的主要官能团,与Ni（Ⅱ）发生共沉淀与络合反应。除此之外,阳离子-π作用也是改性花生壳炭对Ni（Ⅱ）的吸附机制之一。     

偕胺肟基纤维对Ni2+的吸附动力学

以偕胺肟基纤维(AOCF)为吸附材料,对不同初始浓度的Ni2+溶液进行吸附规律研究.结果显示,室温下AOCF对Ni2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附经验式.由不同初始浓度下吸附时间与溶液浓度的关系,用微分法确定反应的级数;在不同温度下对初始浓度为0.033 mol@L-1的Ni2+溶液进行吸附,确定各温度下的反应速率常数,由速率常数与温度的关系,结合Arrhenius方程可得出反应的活化能.研究结果表明,偕胺肟基纤维对水溶液中的Ni2+吸附反应符合一级反应动力学特征;其速率方程c=c0e-kt,速率常数k=0.1716×e-Fa/RT,活化能Ea=13.52 kJ/mol.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to