基于小波包分解的整循环征兆提取与故障识别

为了检测内燃机气阀漏气的气密性故障,利用小波包分解改进算法,通过对柴油机完整工作循环内的缸盖振动信号进行小波包分解,从小波包分解系数中提取柴油机振动诊断的整循环征兆.由整循环特征向量图表明,正常状态时柴油机气缸盖振动信号中低频部分能量相对较大,高频部分能量相对较小;漏气状况时振动信号中的低频部分能量减小,而高频部分能量增加,由此实现了故障的识别.这说明基于小波包分解的整循环征兆提取与故障识别方法有效、可行.     

基于时频分析的内燃机曲轴轴承磨损故障的诊断研究

内燃机曲轴轴承所受到的冲击信号是非平稳、时变信号，用传统的诊断方法难以进行故障的早期发现和诊断．论文运用振动测试技术，测取不同间隙下主轴承座及机体上的振动信号，然后充分利用了小波包无冗余、无疏漏、正交地分解信号到独立的频带内的能力及时频分布对时变信号良好的描述能力，发展了一种基于小渡包的重分配平滑伪魏格纳维尔分布的时频分析方法．通过对振动信号进行了分析比较，其干扰项少而分辨率高，既能定性揭示曲轴轴承磨损故障的变化规律，又能定量地诊断该故障．     

基于可调Q因子小波变换和谱峭度的轴承早期故障诊断方法

通过对轴承故障机理的研究,提出基于可调Q因子小波变换和谱峭度的故障诊断新方法。首先,根据冲击成分的频谱分布,预设Q因子的范围,对轴承的振动信号进行可调Q因子小波变换;其次,计算各尺度变换系数的谱峭度,利用谱峭度最大原则确定最佳的共振因子和尺度带;然后,用相邻系数降噪法处理尺度带内的变换系数,并进行逆可调Q因子小波变换重构信号;最后,求取包络谱,根据极值点的频率位置进行故障诊断。研究结果表明:该方法能有效抑制噪声和谐波成分,使提取的故障特征成分周期性明显、峭度大,使故障特征频率突出显著,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

小波减噪和双谱分析在轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了基于小波减噪技术和双谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断的方法。利用小波变换及其减噪技术对滚动轴承早期微弱故障振动信号的特征频率进行提取，采用双谱估计可绘出滚动轴承故障信号的特征图谱。实验表明，小波减噪和双谱分析方法可以敏感地监测滚动轴承工作状态，并且利用特征图谱可以有效地识别滚动轴承不同的故障特征。     

微电机噪声信号的小波包分析与故障检测

电机运转噪声中包含了电机状态的信息,分析了微电机的噪声源及噪声信号特征,基于最优小波包基和Donoho软阈值消噪方法对一组微电机标准信号和故障信号进行了消噪处理,比较低频信号成分的功率谱得出故障特征频率,从而确定电机故障,结果表明该方法能有效实现对电机的故障检测.     

基于双谱分析的内燃机曲轴轴承磨损故障的诊断研究

引入高阶统计量诊断曲轴轴承磨损故障,在EQ6100汽油发动机上模拟设置四种曲轴轴承间隙,并应用双干谱、双谱对振动信号进行了分析比较,结果显示双谱有效地抑制了噪声影响,较好地对曲轴轴承四种磨损状态进行了分类和识别,并揭示了非线性相位耦合随曲轴轴承磨损状态的变化规律;而运用双谱沿频率ω1=ω2的对角切片提取了曲轴轴承磨损故障诊断的特征参数,并有效地诊断了该故障.     

基于能量峰定位的经验小波变换及在轴承微弱故障诊断中的应用

为了解决经验小波变换在轴承振动信号频谱分割不当的问题,提出了一种基于自适应能量峰定位的经验小波变换。该方法采用Teager能量算子对傅里叶频谱进行能量集中,降低噪声和无关分量影响;利用多尺度寻峰定位算法自适应确定频谱分割边界;通过构建小波滤波器组提取各模态分量。依据峭度指标挑选故障信息最大的模态分量,最后通过Hilbert包络解调提取轴承的故障特征频率。仿真和实验分析结果表明:提出的方法从能量角度入手,鲁棒性更强;频段划分考虑频谱的形状,能自适应识别故障频带;与原始经验小波变换方法相比,改进方法能明显增强早期微弱故障特征,提高轴承早期故障诊断性能。     

基于MCKD与CEEMDAN的声信号故障特征提取方法

在双转子轴承状态监测与故障诊断中,信号传递路径复杂,很难通过加速度传感器直接获得信号,而声音信号有非接触式测量的优势,包含大量特征信息.为了能够准确、有效地通过声音信号实现滚动轴承故障诊断,检测出轴承故障,提出了基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先运用最大相关峭度解卷积方法增强轴承故障声音信号中的冲击,然后对处理后的信号进行CEEMDAN处理,计算每个经验模态分量的峭度值,根据峭度值选取最优分量并求Hilbert包络谱,以准确提取故障特征频率.文中采用该方法基于声音信号实现滚动轴承故障诊断,为提取最优分量提供了理想筛选标准,一定程度上降低了故障诊断的复杂程度,具有良好的自适应性.     

基于小波包分解的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于小波包分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法用于实现滚动轴承早期故障的检测.该方法的诊断过程如下:对轴承原始振动信号进行频谱分析,获取振动信号能量集中的频段.根据频段的范围和振动信号的采样频率确定小波包分解的层数.采用小波包分解的方法提取滚动轴承振动信号中能量集中的频段并生成相应的重构信号,对重构后的振动信号进行Hilbert变换和二次频谱分析.通过对比轴承故障的特征频率和二次频谱中的特征谱线判断轴承是否有故障及其发生位置.运用上述方法对具有外环故障的滚动轴承进行了实验研究并成功地实现了滚动轴承外环故障的检测.实验结果表明基于小波包分析的诊断方法可以有效诊断出滚动轴承的早期故障.     

采用参数自适应最大相关峭度解卷积的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障特征信号因受传输路径和强噪声的干扰而导致周期性故障脉冲难以提取以及最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)参数依赖人为经验选择的问题，提出一种参数自适应MCKD的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。以解卷积信号的包络谱熵作为适应度函数，利用麻雀搜索算法强大的全局搜索能力自适应地选择MKCD方法的最佳参数组合；利用参数优化后的MCKD方法对故障信号进行解卷积运算，滤除掉信号中的噪声，以突显由轴承故障激发的周期性故障脉冲；对解卷积信号进行包络解调，以提取出轴承故障特征频率成分。仿真结果表明，与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比，采用麻雀搜索算法可使MCKD参数在优化中具有更快的收敛速度和更强的稳定性。对滚动轴承进行全寿命周期实验及对工程案例的实验结果表明：所提方法能自适应提取强噪声中的轴承周期性故障脉冲成分，信号的峭度提高了3倍，鲁棒性更强；与直接谱分析和快速谱峭度方法相比，所提方法能完整提取信号中的故障特征频率成分，成功率可达100%,有效提高了滚动轴承的故障诊断精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.