电脉冲下矿物掺合料对砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

通过对掺与不掺矿物掺合料的水泥砂浆分别在电脉冲和浸泡条件下进行外观和强度比较,研究了电脉冲作用下矿物掺合料对水泥砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对试件内部进行了微观结构分析.试验结果表明:电脉冲加速了外部SO_4~(2-)向砂浆内部迁移,SO_4~(2-)与水泥水化产物反应生成大量钙矾石,使得试件短时间内出现明显的开裂、脱落以及强度损失;矿物掺合料改善了砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,掺量越高改善效果越明显,然而在电脉冲作用下掺矿物掺合料的砂浆仍受到明显的硫酸盐侵蚀.可见,电脉冲加速了硫酸盐侵蚀,这为快速评价水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能提供了新的思路.     

水泥基材料在硫酸盐结晶侵蚀下的劣化行为

采用水泥砂浆在硫酸钠溶液中半浸泡的试验方法,测试不同配比的砂浆外观形貌、抗压抗折强度等宏观性能,并通过分析砂浆孔结构、孔隙率、微观形貌以及腐蚀产物,探讨半浸泡条件下,硫酸盐结晶对砂浆造成侵蚀破坏的影响因素。研究结果表明:在半浸泡条件下,砂浆表面所生成的白色硫酸钠晶体含量与砂浆的水灰比和掺入的矿物掺合料有关;随着半浸泡时间增加,水泥砂浆表面逐渐被剥蚀,抗压抗折强度先增大后逐渐降低;砂浆中孔径在30nm以上的孔是导致砂浆受到侵蚀的主要孔隙;大量结晶物聚集在砂浆孔隙中并结晶膨胀造成了砂浆的物理结晶侵蚀;掺入适量的活性矿物掺合料能有效降低砂浆中孔径在30nm以上毛细孔的数量,提高砂浆抗硫酸盐结晶侵蚀能力。     

PCA对低水灰比砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

以不同含量C3A和CaCO3的水泥以及不同的高效减水剂为原材料,对低水胶比水泥砂浆在硫酸盐环境下的抗压和抗折抗蚀系数等进行测试,研究了不同水泥成分条件下,丙烯酸类聚羧酸PCA—Ⅰ减水剂和马来酸类聚羧酸PCA—Ⅱ减水剂对低水灰比砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明,根据水泥矿物组成和C3A含量,合理确定聚羧酸减水剂品种,掺聚羧酸减水剂的低水灰比水泥砂浆具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

电脉冲用于混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀加速试验方法初探

实际工程中水泥混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀过程缓慢,常采用加速试验方法评价其抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。通过分析现有方法的特点,提出基于电脉冲原理的混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能加速试验方法。测试了不同水灰比、浸泡方式与粉煤灰掺量的混凝土在不同侵蚀条件下的抗蚀系数,利用扫描电镜分析了电脉冲作用下硫酸盐侵蚀机理。试验结果表明,电脉冲加速了混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀,基于电脉冲原理的混凝土抗硫酸盐性能加速试验方法技术可行。     

修补砂浆海水侵蚀性能试验研究

对处于氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀环境下的水泥砂浆,由于环境介质中含有较多的氯离子和硫酸根离子,导致水泥砂浆极易受到氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀而破坏,本章主要研究含有氯离子和硫酸盐的溶液对水泥砂浆的侵蚀,采取溶液浸泡的方法测定一定龄期后水泥砂浆的抗压、抗折强度的变化。     

电脉冲作用下水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀行为与机理

电脉冲技术应用于不同温度下的水泥基材料硫酸盐加速侵蚀已有研究,但加速机理尚不明确,通过电脉冲加速与常规浸泡方式对比,分析了电脉冲作用下硫酸根离子分布与迁移规律,测试了不同侵蚀深度处反应产物的XRD物相.研究显示,电脉冲作用下有更多硫酸根离子迁移进入试件内部,硫酸根离子进入试件后主要集中于阴极端距表面2cm内,侵蚀28d前侵蚀产物主要是石膏和钙矾石.结果表明:电脉冲通过加快离子迁移以及化学反应两个方面显著加速水泥基材料的硫酸盐侵蚀.     

电场作用下水泥基材料的MgSO_4侵蚀

已有研究表明电场能够加速水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀并可用于快速评价水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,但以上研究均是针对电场作用下Na_2SO_4溶液的侵蚀,鲜有研究电场作用下MgSO_4溶液侵蚀行为.本文利用抗蚀系数反映电场对水泥基材料MgSO_4侵蚀程度影响,利用XRD和SEM/EDS分析电场作用下水泥基材料的MgSO_4侵蚀机理.研究表明:电场加速了水泥基材料MgSO_4侵蚀破坏;在电场作用下SO_4~(2-)离子从阴极进入试件内部,首先与Ca(OH)_2反应生成石膏,生成的石膏继续与C_3A的水化产物反应生成钙矾石,当C_3A的水化产物反应完毕,从外界进入的SO_4~(2-)离子继续与Ca(OH)_2反应生成石膏,其侵蚀产物以石膏为主,其次是钙矾石.     

用菱镁矿尾矿制备的MgO膨胀剂对砂浆强度与膨胀性能的影响

研究海城和莱州菱镁矿尾矿在950℃煅烧1 h制备的MgO膨胀剂(MEA)对砂浆试件膨胀性能和强度的影响规律,并分析掺MgO膨胀剂水泥浆体中MgO的水化程度。结果表明:海城MgO膨胀剂(HC-MEA)中MgO活性高,水化快,掺HC-MEA砂浆90 d膨胀比较大,90～150 d膨胀增长趋势减缓;莱州MgO膨胀剂(LZ-MEA)中MgO活性低,水化慢,掺LZ-MEA砂浆60 d膨胀比较小,60～150 d膨胀发展较快; MEA掺量相同时,掺HC-MEA砂浆试件的膨胀率大于掺LZ-MEA砂浆试件的膨胀率。粉煤灰能抑制掺MEA砂浆试件的膨胀,抑制作用随养护温度的升高或MEA掺量的增加而减小。与未掺MEA砂浆相比,掺8%HC-MEA砂浆的90 d抗压、抗折强度分别提高了5. 84%和1. 12%,掺8%LZ-MEA砂浆的90 d抗压、抗折强度分别提高了1. 84%和4. 24%。     

混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀损伤的声波与声发射变化特征及机理

试验模拟干湿循环作用下混凝土受10%(质量分数)硫酸钠溶液侵蚀的腐蚀环境,测试和分析硫酸盐不同侵蚀时期混凝土单轴压缩试验时波速和声发射的变化特征。采用环境扫描电镜和能谱仪进行微观观测并结合X射线衍射测试手段分析受蚀混凝土的损伤机理。结果表明：受侵蚀60 d和80 d的试件加载初期会有较明显的压密阶段,试件受硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿循环作用愈久,加载中波速急剧下降的突变点愈提前;受蚀40 d以上的试件加载中声发射事件活跃区间较集中,在腐蚀产生的缺陷和薄弱位置容易出现应力集中和能量集中释放,声发射事件数量急剧上升的突变点提前。通过数学模型以声发射累积振铃计数为损伤变量建立损伤模型可以表征混凝土中环境腐蚀、荷载及损伤之间的作用关系。腐蚀阶段钙矾石与石膏的膨胀作用和硫酸钠的结晶压在试件内部形成微破损,受蚀混凝土表现出不同宏观性能。     

掺铜渣水泥砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

本试验通过改变铜渣比表面积和激发剂用量并以10%、20%、30%的掺量掺入硅酸盐水泥制成水泥胶砂试件,在硫酸盐溶液中侵蚀一定龄期,研究不同性状的铜渣水泥试件抗蚀性能的变化规律。同时利用XRD衍射试验对试件侵蚀产物进行分析。试验结果表明:铜渣活性被激发后,与水泥水化产物Ca(OH)2发生化学反应,生成的水化硅酸钙可提高水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能;而激发剂Na_2SO_4的引入,可直接增加水泥基内部的硫酸根离子的浓度,对水泥基的抗硫酸盐性能有不利影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.