温度和含水率对中砂和粗砂导热系数影响的试验研究

研究不同类型土壤导热系数变化规律及影响因素,对陆地表层水热迁移、地源热泵和土壤储热等的基础研究和生产应用有重要意义。本研究利用热探针法对10℃~90℃和0%~20%体积含水率的中砂和粗砂的导热系数变化规律进行了试验研究,并给出低温和高温下两种砂土导热系数随含水率变化的经验公式。试验结果显示：温度和含水率的变化都对砂土的导热系数有影响,且含水率对导热系数的贡献率大于温度。在温度和含水率的共同作用下,导热系数变化显著。砂土在在低温段(≤30℃)时,导热系数变化不明显。在高温段(≥60℃)时,导热系数变化显著。无论对粗砂还是中砂、低温还是高温,都存在使导热系数能达到极值点的最佳体积含水率,中砂的最佳体积含水率在0.18-0.21m³/m³之间,粗砂的最佳体积含水率在0.16-0.17m³/m³之间。     

东海陆架坡折处温度微结构观测

对2004年3月7日至9日东方红2号科学考察船利用自由沉降的微结构剖面仪TurboMAP-II在东海陆架坡折海区获取的高垂向分辨率的温度资料进行了分析和计算，并将计算得到的热扩散系数与由流速剪切得到的湍混合率进行了比较. 结果表明，观测海区的温跃层附近存在着由小尺度内波、Kelvin—Helmholz不稳定及盐指现象导致的较强的温度脉动. 观测站位的热耗散率大都分布在 10^-10—10^-6℃²·s^-1，并且呈现出低-高-低的垂向分布特征；相应的热扩散系数的范围是从10^-6—10^-2m²·s^-1，其垂向分布与热耗散率恰好相反，为高-低-高. 整个断面的平均热扩散系数为2.95×10^-3m²·s^-1，此值大于利用流速剪切计算的沿断面平均的湍混合率2.32×10^-3m²·s^-1. 通过对盐指区和非盐指区热扩散系数与湍混合率的比较，表明盐指现象的存在是热扩散系数大于湍混合率的主要原因.     

相变混凝土的制备与性能研究综述

综述了相变材料的分类及特点、相变材料的定形与封装技术、相变混凝土的配合比设计与性能等3个方面的研究成果,对固-液相变材料的热物理参数、应用现状及多元复合相变体系进行了研究,归纳整理了相变材料的定形与封装技术,重点讨论了多孔基体吸附法,对比分析了相变混凝土的设计原理、力学性能与热物特性变化规律,并对相变混凝土研究方向进行了展望.结果表明:石蜡、脂酸和醇类等3种相变材料更适合于工程建筑环境的应用;相变材料不宜与混凝土集料直接混合;通常采用多孔基体材料吸附液体相变材料来制备相变骨料;相变混凝土的导热系数受相变骨料掺量影响明显,比热容会随掺量增加而提高,强度往往大幅降低.     

晶粒细化对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金组织性能的影响

采用Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金进行晶粒细化,采用金相显微镜、激光导热仪和拉伸试验机等研究晶粒细化对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金微观组织、铸造流动性、力学性能与导热系数的影响.结果表明：随着Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂添加量的增加,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的α-Al晶粒逐渐细化,铸造流动性、抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐升高,但导热系数略有下降.当Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂的质量分数增加到0.5%时,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的晶粒被细化至平均直径约为90.9 μm,铸造流动性试样长度为867 mm,抗拉强度为234 MPa,伸长率为10.1%,导热系数为182.7 W·m^-1·K^-1.     

高温对玄武岩纤维筋混杂纤维再生混凝土粘结性能的影响

通过中心拉拔试验研究玄武岩纤维筋(BFRP筋)与混杂纤维再生混凝土高温后粘结性能。选取体积掺量均为0.15%的玄武岩和纤维素纤维混掺再生混凝土中,目标温度为20°C、200°C、400°C、600°C和800°C。试验研究结果表明：相同温度条件下,混杂纤维的掺入有效提高了粘结强度；再生混凝土与BFRP筋的粘结弹性模量随着温度升高而逐渐降低；峰值粘结强度随温度升高出现先上升后降低的趋势；未掺入混杂纤维的随温度升高峰值粘结强度逐渐降低。建立了粘结-滑移曲线且与试验结果吻合较好,可为BFRP筋与混杂纤维再生混凝土粘结性能研究提供一定的参考。     

纳米TiO2 /石蜡复合乳状液相变材料的 制备与传热性能

蓄冷空调性能及制冷系数与相变材料密切相关.将石蜡复合乳状液作为分散介质,以纳米TiO_2粒子作为导热载体,采用低能乳化工艺微乳液转相法,制备出纳米TiO_2/石蜡复合乳状液相变材料,并对其分散稳定性、导热系数和蓄-放热循环稳定性进行了分析.研究结果表明:纳米TiO_2/石蜡复合乳状液相变材料的导热系数相对于纯石蜡乳状液的导热系数有明显提高,当纳米TiO_2粒子质量分数为0.15%时,纳米TiO_2/石蜡复合乳状液相变材料的导热系数比纯石蜡乳状液的导热系数提高了117.95%;TiO_2/石蜡乳状液固-液相变热循环过程中并无明显温度平台,而且其蓄-放热循环稳定性很好.该纳米TiO_2/石蜡复合乳状液相变材料有望应用于蓄冷空调,以提高蓄冷空调性能及制冷系数.     

连二硫酸锰的热力学函数测定

用evaporation-temperature法测定了MnS_2O_6·2H_2O和MnS_2O_6·4H_2O的分解压力,关联出这两种水合盐的脱水或分解反应的平衡常数与温度的关系式。并利用这些关系式,计算得到MnS_2O_6·2H_2O的△H°_f,△G°_f,S°分别为-1991.2kJ·mol~(-1)。-1756.0kJ·mol~(-1),388.7J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1),MnS_2O_6·4H_2O的△H°_f,△G°_f,S°分别为-2637.2kJ·mol~(-1),2251.8kJ·mol~(-1),351.5J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

活性炭储能骨料对相变混凝土压拉强度和导热性能影响的试验与分析

为了制备具有保温储热能力,同时具有一定强度的新型混凝土材料,对不同活性炭储能骨料掺量的相变混凝土进行了抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和导热系数试验,并对试验结果进行了分析。试验结果表明,掺入活性炭储能骨料降低了相变混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉强度,活性炭储能骨料掺量在15%以内,相变混凝土的强度损失率不超过10%。相变材料为液态时相变混凝土的导热系数略大于相变材料为固态时的导热系数,增加幅度低于5%。随着活性炭储能骨料掺量的增加,相变混凝土的导热系数增大明显,满足保温要求,活性炭储能骨料的掺量应在15%以内。     

复合相变储能砂浆的制备及其性能研究

以工业石蜡为相变芯材,通过真空吸附法和硅酸钙外壳封装法制备石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料和复合相变储能砂浆.利用SEM和差示扫描量热法分析了石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩相变材料的形貌和蓄热能力,测试了复合相变储能砂浆的抗压强度、干表观密度、导热系数和三维条件下材料温度时间响应关系.结果表明,经硅酸钙外壳封装后石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩相变材料中石蜡的含量约为55.47%时,相变温度和相变潜热分别为35.59℃和96.77J/g;复合相变储能砂浆的28d抗压强度,干表观密度和导热系数分别为8.0MPa,1 678kg/m~3和0.46W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),在外界温度变化时,复合相变储能砂浆相对于传统砂浆材料具有升温和降温速度变化平缓,可用作保温砂浆.     

镓镁锌氧化物透明导电薄膜的制备及其表征

采用磁控溅射方法制备了镓镁锌氧化物(GaMgZnO) 透明导电薄膜,通过 X 射线衍射仪、四探针仪和分光光度计的测试分析,研究了沉积温度对 GaMgZnO 薄膜微观结构和电光性能的影响．结果显示: 所制备的样品均为六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜并具有c轴择优取向生长特点,其结晶质量和电光性能与沉积温度密切相关．当沉积温度为 550 K 时,GaMgZnO 薄膜的晶粒尺寸最大(51.72 nm) 、晶格应变最小(1.11×10^-3)、位错密度(3.73×10^-3line·m^-2) 、电阻率最低(1.63×10^-3 Ω·cm) 、可见光区平均透过率(82．41%) 、品质因数最大(5.06×10² Ω^-1·cm^－1) ,具有最好的结晶质量和光电综合性能．另外采用光学表征方法 获得了薄膜样品的光学能隙, 结果表明由于受 Burstein-Moss 效应的影响,GaMgZnO薄膜的光学能隙均大于未掺杂ZnO的数值．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.