槟榔香草兰农林复合系统土壤性状及根系分布

采用挖掘法和土壤常规观测方法对香草兰槟榔农林复合系统土壤物理性状及根系分布进行了分析.结果表明与当地土壤相比,混交林表土层比较疏松,0～20cm土壤容重比当地同层土壤小0.13 g·cm-3.混交林下各土层土壤含水量分布具有规律性,0～80cm土层平均为12.8%.混交林土壤平均pH值为4.7,略小于当地土壤pH值.混交林平均土壤有机质含量为1.9%,处于全省较高水平,尤其0～20cm土层中有机质含量为1.96%,同比当地土壤高0.7%.香草兰槟榔复合系统根系多集中在0～40cm土层中,占总根量的82.3%,其中,槟榔根系多集中在20～40cm土层中,占总根量的51.6%,香草兰根系水平分布在0～30cm的表土层中,水平分布范围30～50cm.＜1mm和1～3mm根系主要集中在20～40cm土层中,占总根量的48%,而槟榔纯林中＜1mm和1～3mm根系主要集中在0～20cm土层中,占总根量的37.9%.     

控根栽培下桂花根系的动态生长与垂直分布特征

在控根栽培模式下,采用土钻法对6年生桂花嫁接苗的根系分布和季节动态进行研究。结果表明:一年中,随着时间的变化,桂花根系长度、根系体积、根长密度都呈增长趋势;须根萌发明显,细根增多,根系分布层上移,主要集中在0～10 cm土壤深度,说明控根容器对桂花根系构型产生一定影响。     

不同优势度马尾松的生物量及根系分布特征

对重庆酸雨区不同优势等级马尾松单木的生物量及根系分布特征进行了系统调查.结果表明:马尾松个体生物量中地上部分占90%以上,根系不足10%,各器官生物量所占比例顺序从大到小依次为:干、枝、根、皮、叶.不同优势等级马尾松林木的根系分布深度与幅度有很大区别.优势木垂直根系深度可达130 cm,水平根系集中在半径为3 m的范围内;而非优势木垂直根系一般不超过80 cm,水平根系集中在1.5 m为半径的范围内.不同径级根系在根系生物量中所占比例顺序从大到小依次为:粗根、大根、中根、小根、细根,其中粗根和大根占总根量的90%以上.中、小、细根不足10%.通过根钻法调查酸化土壤中生长的马尾松林木细根的分布特征,发现在40 cm深度范围内有大量马尾松细根存在,并在表层土壤较为集中;细根量随距样木距离的加大而不断减少,一般在距样木2.0 m的位置减至最低.     

高海拔地区蚕豆/马铃薯根系时空分布特征及根系活性研究

通过土柱栽培实验,对蚕豆/马铃薯间作复合群体根系的时空分布特征和根系活性进行深入研究.结果表明,间作蚕豆的根系总干质量在苗期、盛花期、结荚期、成熟期与对照相比增减了-4.17%,13.40%,15.43%,-6.53%,间作马铃薯的根系总干质量增减分别为-30.98%,38.10%,4.24%,-12.56%.可见,在2作物生长最旺盛时期,间作具有提高根系总质量的作用.同时,间作扩展了蚕豆根系垂直方向的生态位,较深根系分布有利于蚕豆后期的竞争恢复生长.0²0cm土层,2作物生长前期,间作蚕豆与间作马铃薯的根比例较其单作降低了1.01%,6.17%,根系发生了下移现象;生长中期,间作马铃薯的根系较单作上升了10.77%,表现为根质量密度的上移,间作蚕豆的根比例较单作下降了3.08%.020cm土层,2作物生长前期,间作蚕豆与间作马铃薯的根比例较其单作降低了1.01%,6.17%,根系发生了下移现象;生长中期,间作马铃薯的根系较单作上升了10.77%,表现为根质量密度的上移,间作蚕豆的根比例较单作下降了3.08%.0⁴0cm土层,间作群体的根系比例在苗期、盛花期、成熟期与040cm土层,间作群体的根系比例在苗期、盛花期、成熟期与0²0cm土层的根系比例变化不明显,但结荚期间作马铃薯根比例比单作上升了9.27%.间作蚕豆在苗期、盛花期的根系含水率高于相应对照,而结荚期和成熟期却低于相应对照;间作马铃薯在盛花期、结荚期的根系含水率高于相应对照,而苗期、成熟期的根系含水率低于相应单作.蚕豆/马铃薯间作群体020cm土层的根系比例变化不明显,但结荚期间作马铃薯根比例比单作上升了9.27%.间作蚕豆在苗期、盛花期的根系含水率高于相应对照,而结荚期和成熟期却低于相应对照;间作马铃薯在盛花期、结荚期的根系含水率高于相应对照,而苗期、成熟期的根系含水率低于相应单作.蚕豆/马铃薯间作群体0⁸0cm深层,根系含水率高于相应单作,具有更高的贮水能力,有利于提高土壤水的利用效率.随着生育进程的推进,根系高活性位点呈下移趋势.根系还原总质量和还原总质量密度呈上高下低的"T"型分布,可将其分为3种类型:080cm深层,根系含水率高于相应单作,具有更高的贮水能力,有利于提高土壤水的利用效率.随着生育进程的推进,根系高活性位点呈下移趋势.根系还原总质量和还原总质量密度呈上高下低的"T"型分布,可将其分为3种类型:0²0cm为高量高密度型,2020cm为高量高密度型,20⁴0,4040,40⁶0cm为中量中密度型,6060cm为中量中密度型,60⁸0cm为低量低密度型.     

花江喀斯特峡谷适生植物的抗旱特征I:顶坛花椒根系与土壤环境

以15株顶坛花椒作样本进行研究,对其根系的根深、根幅、根的直径、侧根的分布范围、叶重、吸收根的密度及重量等进行实地数据采集,从中得出喀斯特石漠化区顶坛花椒根系的生长特征.表明顶坛花椒根系界于散生根型与水平根型之间,根系水平分布远大于垂直分布,反映了根系的发达性及浅根性的特点.根系主要分布在0～35cm的土层中,吸收根一般分布0～30cm范围内.土壤环境决定了根系的生长分布特征,土壤容重、土壤水分与根系分布显著相关(P＜0.05);垂直方向上,所调查样株根系集中分布于有机质高的土壤上层;水平方向,各根系分布与土壤养分多寡没有明显关系,而更多受制于小地形条件.     

北疆高产棉花根系生长规律的研究Ⅱ栽培措施对根系及地上部生长的影响

在北疆大田条件下 ,研究种植密度、灌溉、覆膜等栽培措施对棉花根系与地上部生长影响的结果表明 ,棉花根系具有较强的自动调节能力 ,群体根量在生育前期与密度呈正相关 ,生育后期密度间差异不显著 ;此外根系开始发生调节的时间早于地上部。生育期间干旱胁迫后 ,根量减轻、地上部衰老加快 ,根系生产力下降 ,籽棉产量降低。覆膜的棉花根系建成提前。棉花根量同地上部生物量及籽棉产量间存在显著的线性相关关系     

花江喀斯特峡谷适生植物的抗旱特征 Ⅰ:顶坛花椒根系与土壤环境

以15株顶坛花椒作样本进行研究,对其根系的根深、根幅、根的直径、侧根的分布范围、叶重、吸收根的密度及重量等进行实地数据采集,从中得出喀斯特石漠化区顶坛花椒根系的生长特征。表明顶坛花椒根系界于散生根型与水平根型之间,根系水平分布远大于垂直分布,反映了根系的发达性及浅根性的特点。根系主要分布在0~35 cm的土层中,吸收根一般分布0~30 cm范围内。土壤环境决定了根系的生长分布特征,土壤容重、土壤水分与根系分布显著相关(P<0.05);垂直方向上,所调查样株根系集中分布于有机质高的土壤上层;水平方向,各根系分布与土壤养分多寡没有明显关系,而更多受制于小地形条件。     

生态防护中植物根系的固坡性能研究

生态防护主要是利用植物根系来达到固坡和防护的目的,以植物根系分布特征和固坡机理分析为基础,通过土工直剪试验,系统研究了根-土复合体的抗剪强度,并分析了根系密度对的抗剪强度的影响.研究结果表明草本植物根系的90%集中分布在距地表0~30 cm的土层内;根-土复合体的抗剪性能与根系的抗拉强度和根的面积比率有关;而且随正应力的增大而增大,近似呈线性关系,较无根系土的黏聚力增加一倍多,根系对土体抗剪强度的提高主要是由黏聚力的增大来实现的;根系密度对根-土复合体抗剪强度有明显影响,根-土复合体抗剪强度增量与根系密度之间具有良好的二次多项式的相关关系.     

川西亚高山暗针叶林恢复过程中根系生物量研究

运用空间代替时间的方法对川西亚高山暗针叶林恢复过程中根系生物量的变化及分布格局进行研究。结果表明:无论在低海拔(2 900~3 250 m)还是在高海拔处(3 250~3 600 m),随着森林的恢复,根系生物量逐渐增加。在低海拔处,不同恢复时期根系生物量为21.000~51.583 t/hm2;在高海拔处,不同恢复时期根系生物量为20.363~35.316 t/hm2。对于相同林龄的林分,高海拔处根系生物量比低海拔处均有所减少。在低海拔处,10~20 cm土壤层根系生物量最大,而在高海拔处,0~10 cm土壤层根系生物量最大。90%以上的根系生物量集中分布在0~30 cm的土壤层。径级5 mm的粗根生物量占根系总生物量的65.0%以上,径级2~5 mm的小根生物量所占比例最小。对于相同林龄的林分,粗根(径级5 mm)、小根(径级2~5 mm)和细根(径级2 mm)生物量呈现低海拔处大于高海拔处的趋势。     

香根草根系在公路边坡土体中的分布特征

模拟实际公路边坡坡度和土质条件,制作模型试验箱,并种植了根系发达的生态护坡植物——香根草.通过全断面开挖法,研究了在模型箱中生长了两年的香根草根系在边坡土体中的分布特征.结果表明:在贫瘠土壤条件下,两年生香根草的根系垂直向下生长,最大根长达1m多,其根系生物量沿土层剖面深度呈二项式函数关系减少;根系直径约为0.8~1.4mm,且根径1mm的根系居多,最粗者可达2.2mm;香根草根系的分布范围随土层深度呈先增大后减小的趋势,其分布规律可以用Gauss曲线来描述;沿土层剖面自上而下,根系密度分布规律服从Logistic曲线关系;香根草的大部分根系偏向坡脚方向生长,坡脚方向生长的根系粗长且密集,而坡顶方向生长的根系则细短且稀疏.以上对根系形态分布规律的研究可为进一步分析植物根系与土体间的相互作用机理、防治边坡水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害提供理论基础.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to