不同引发体系对魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的影响研究

研究以硝酸铈铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂的魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚体系.对引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体浓度、单体中和度、反应时间等反应条件进行了考察,并比较了以硝酸铈铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为不同引发体系的魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应,实验表明以过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂的引发效果最佳.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

Study on swelling model and thermodynamic structure of native konjac glucomannan

We investigated the higher structure of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in the amorphous state and solution using a laser particle size analyzer and a water activity meter. The results show that the thermodynamic structures of native KGM were primarily composed of the lamella structure units, which involve both granular crystalline and amorphous regions, and that the connection zones of such units contained both loose and tight aggregation regions. The value of surface tension (σ) of native KGM, resting with the density of its hydroxyl groups’ self-association, was an important parameter to analyze the higher structures of native KGM in the thermodynamic swelling model of native KGM.     

Characterization and property of palmitoylated konjac glucomannan

Various degrees of paimitoylated konjac glucomannan (PKGM) are prepared by heterogeneous method. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) thermographs show PKGM having certain degree of substitution (DS) gave a new crystalline peak at higher temperature. And PKGM having higher DS only shows the new crystalline state. Furthermore, the effect of the DS of PKGM on its emulsifying ability has been investigated in the water in oil (w/o) and oil in water (o/w) systems. It is demonstrated that it is a kind of good w/o emulsifier with the DS ranged between 1.00 and 1.70; Whereas for DS<0.50, It is a kind of good o/w emulsifier and an interesting phenomenon appears in o/w system. And the half-time of emulsion turbidity is more than 1.5 h with PKGM having 2.72 of DS used as the emulsifier. Tian Bingshou: born in 1938, Associate professor     

Effect of konjac glucomannan on sodium alginate membrane

This paper introduces a blended membrane which is prepared by coagulation of sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan(KGM) in an aqueous solution, and studies the effect of different concentrations of KGM on sodium alginate films. The structural characterization of prepared blend film was implemented by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and the optimum ratio was determined by comparing fracture elongation, moisture absorption and moisture retention. The results indicate that the two polysaccharide molecules, sodium alginate and KGM, in the blend membrane have a good compatibility. The surface of blend film is smooth and uniform. The addition of KGM can significantly improve the moisture absorption and moisture retention performance of sodium alginate film, and its mechanical performance is also improved to some extent. The ratio of sodium alginate and KGM is 3.2∶1.5.     

Gelation and swelling behavior of oxidized konjac glucomannan/chitosan hydrogel

The gelating and swelling mechanisms of the hydrogel formed from oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and chitosan (CS) were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. FT-IR spectra illustrate that the interaction of polysaccharides forms the hydrogen bonds and interchain salt bonds and the dissocation of which dominates the swelling behavior in buffer solutions of different pH. The concentration of salt ion has effect on swelling behavior through the difference of salt ion concentration between in solution and in network of hydrogel, which causes penetrating pressure. Moreover, the Swelling degree and hydrogel strength could be modulated by varying conditions. It is indicated that the hydrogel has pH-sensitive and salt ion sensitive properties. The prepared optimum condition selected by varying conditions is thatr=0.2;t=30 min;T _p=343 K andI=1.6. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (29574173) Biography: He Dong-bao (1945-), male, Professor, research direction: modifying and gelating of natural polysaccharides.     

KGM-AM-（DMAEA-EB）三元接枝共聚物的性能研究

以魔芋粉、丙烯酰胺和季铵盐等为原料,经接枝共聚合成了魔芋粉一丙烯酰胺一季铵盐类树脂。讨论了引发剂、丙烯酰胺、魔芋粉等的用量,反应时间和温度等因素对树脂溶胀性能的影响。结果表明反应温度为55-65℃,反应时间为4h,反应单体质量比为1：1,引发剂用量为0.5％（占单体总质量）,单体与KGM质量比为4：1下制得树脂的溶胀度可达到最大值149.85g／g。     

分光光度法测定鲜魔芋中主要成分

魔芋中主要成份葡甘聚糖和淀粉具有很好的经济利用价值,以3,5-二硝基水杨酸作显色剂,用分光光度法,测定鲜魔芋中葡甘聚糖和总糖的含量,方法简单快捷。     

魔芋胶对高脂小鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究魔芋胶对高脂小鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响,建立了高脂小鼠模型.设正常对照组、模型对照组及魔芋胶低、中、高剂量组.正常对照组常规饲养,模型对照组生理盐水0.5 mL/d灌胃,魔芋胶各剂量组分别以0.25,0.50和0.75 g.kg-1.d-1魔芋胶灌胃,连续30 d后,尾部取血,测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量;将小鼠处死,取心、肝、脑等组织,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量.正常对照组小鼠饮食饮水量显著高于其他组(P<0.01);魔芋胶中剂量组小鼠血清中TC含量低于模型对照组(P<0.05),正常对照组小鼠血清中LDL含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.01);与模型对照组相比,魔芋胶中剂量组小鼠肝脏中SOD活性及低、高剂量组小鼠脑中CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05),魔芋胶低、中剂量组小鼠脑中MDA含量显著低于模型对照组(P<0.05).说明魔芋胶对高脂小鼠具有降血脂和增强抗氧化能力的作用.     

棕榈酸葡甘聚糖酯的合成及取代度的测定

采用无溶剂法合成表面活性剂——棕榈酸葡甘聚糖酯(PKGM),并选择无毒复合溶剂进行分离、精制.实验确定最佳合成条件为:KGM∶EP质量比为8∶15,碳酸钠质量含量为1.0%,棕榈酸钠为13.5%,甘油为5%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度120~130℃.在此条件下,PKGM的产率为63.9%,取代度0.48.产物的红外吸收光谱图显示3400、1642、1077 cm-1等处与羟基有关的吸收峰明显减弱,1739cm-1处酯羰基伸缩振动吸收峰显著增强,并在719 cm-1处出现长链亚甲基的面内摇摆振动峰,由此证明PKGM的生成.依据对反应物KGM与产物PKGM红外谱图上羟基和羰基峰的吸收强度的测定及理论推导,计算出了产物的取代度,该方法新颖、便捷,且理论上可行.     

含氮纽结魔芋葡甘露聚糖分子链凝胶结构拓扑分析

以魔芋葡甘聚糖分子链和氨基的相互作用为基础,运用分子动力学模拟魔芋葡甘聚糖分子和KGM纽结作用位点,结合红外光谱图,从理论上分析含氮魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶的高强度性,结果表明含氮魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶的高强度性是因为氮与魔芋葡甘聚糖通过偶合反应形成了可以相对滑动的"8"字型交联环,由拓扑分析得到,KGM由平凡纽结变换成"8"字型纽结后Schultz指数与修正Schultz指数变小,加强了分子之间作用力,得到了高强度不可逆凝胶.KGM"8"字型纽结的形成有利于魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶的机械强度和稳定性的提高.     

纤维素酶制备魔芋葡甘低聚糖

利用纤维素酶(绿色木霉，E c 3.2.1.4)酶解魔芋葡甘聚糖.10 g魔芋精粉，500 U纤维素酶，在40℃，pH值为5.0时反应2 h为最适条件.此条件下所得低聚糖数均相对分子量为5 100，重均相对分子量为7 160.     

果胶魔芋胶复合膜结构及应用性能研究

选取果胶、魔芋胶两种天然高分子,采用溶液共混制备了不同质量比的果胶/魔芋胶复合膜,用IR、DSC表征其结构,并测试了复合膜的力学性能、透光率、吸湿性能、溶胀性能、体外降解和抗菌性等性能。结果表明,果胶、魔芋胶分子间有很好的相容性;当魔芋胶的含量为二者总质量的30%时,果胶/魔芋胶复合膜的力学性能最优,溶胀性和体外降解性较好,而透光性和吸湿性较低,抗菌性能进一步增强。该复合膜可以替代明胶作为药用胶囊膜和可食性包装膜材料。     

红外辐照对魔芋葡甘聚糖膜力学性能的影响

以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)粉末为研究对象,分别以分子量、水分含量的内在性质和红外辐照温度、时间、强度外部条件为参考因子,考察其与KGM溶胶成膜后力学性能的相关性,并通过扫描电镜分析,观察膜截面的微观形貌.实验结果表明:经红外处理,KGM膜力学性能的下降百分比与分子量呈明显线性正相关,与水分含量呈负相关;较高辐照温度、光强度和较长辐照时间显著破坏膜的力学性能;膜截面的有序完整片层破坏成碎裂小块和多孔结构.合理选择高品质KGM,控制红外辐照条件,可改善KGM膜的力学性能.     

原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石/葡甘聚糖复合材料流变特性研究

采用原位合成法制备HA/KGM溶胶,应用单因素实验方法研究KGM质量分数、温度、pH值对复合溶胶黏度的影响.结果表明,HA/KGM溶胶黏度随KGM质量分数、pH值增加而递增,随温度上升而下降,但过高质量分数和pH值时溶胶转变成凝胶,黏度急剧下降.较高pH值和较高的质量分数不利于形成均匀的HA/KGM复合溶胶.此结果可为HA/KGM复合材料进一步研究提供参考.     

魔芋在不同土壤环境条件的含硒量

通过分析从湖北恩施采集的野外魔芋样品和2种土壤加硒盆栽实验的魔芋样品的含硒量,研究魔芋在不同土壤环境中的含硒量、富硒特征及其影响因素.结果表明,随采样点不同,野外魔芋样品的含硒量不同,魔芋球茎和茎叶的最高含硒量为5.58和13.04μg g-1,并与土壤含硒量呈极显著的线性相关,茎叶含硒量高于球茎.盆栽实验条件下,魔芋含硒量与土壤施硒量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋球茎和茎叶最高含硒量在潮土中为55.6和76.8μg g-1,在红壤中为14.5和21.4μg g-1,茎叶的含硒量显著高于球茎,潮土魔芋的含硒显著高于红壤.魔芋对土壤硒的生物富集系数均表现为茎叶高于球茎,潮土魔芋的生物富集系数高于红壤,土壤施硒的富集系数高于天然含硒土.总之,魔芋能吸收利用天然富硒土和施人到土壤中的硒,土壤类型和土壤硒水平是影响魔芋含硒的关键因素,土壤施硒的有效性高于天然含硒土,潮土施硒的有效性高于红壤.     

蛇六谷葡甘聚糖抗肿瘤研究

以蛇六谷为研究对象,利用自制蛇六谷葡甘聚糖降解产物,通过实验探讨蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子抗肿瘤作用.分析结果表明,蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子能够抑制He La细胞的生长,但总体抑制效果不明显;不同剂量蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的增长都有抑制作用,且随着剂量的增大,抑制效果越明显.初步研究结果表明,蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子有抗肿瘤活性.利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和圆二色谱对蛇六谷进行结构分析,结果证明蛇六谷的抗肿瘤功效可能与其含有的葡甘聚糖有关.     

枸杞果冻加工工艺研究

以枸杞汁、白砂糖为主要原料,研究枸杞果冻的加工工艺及最佳配方.通过正交试验确定复合凝胶剂(卡拉胶、魔芋胶)的配比、胶剂的添加量、白砂糖添加量、枸杞汁添加量、柠檬酸添加量对果冻产品品质的影响.实验结果表明:卡拉胶、魔芋胶的配比为7∶3,总胶粉添加量为0.9%,添加白砂糖15%,枸杞汁20%和0.12%柠檬酸,水浴85℃,杀菌15min,得到淡红色、口感爽滑、酸甜可口的枸杞果冻,具有浓郁的枸杞风味.     

气相色谱法测定磨芋多糖组成

用单糖的三甲基硅烷化(TMS)衍生物的气相色谱法测定四川磨芋多糖的组成,确定该多糖的组成为葡萄糖和甘露糖,摩尔比为1:2。     

土壤加砷对魔芋砷的含量、吸收与分布的影响

为了认识土壤砷污染与植物砷含量的关系,进行土壤加砷盆栽魔芋试验.结果表明,本实验条件下,魔芋球茎和茎叶的砷含量范围分别为2.12～14.98和1.23～21.23μg g-1,均与土壤加砷量呈极显著的线性相关.在对照下,球茎砷含量高于茎叶,在土壤加砷下,茎叶的砷含量高于球茎.魔芋的富砷量与土壤加砷量呈极显著的线性相关,在低土壤砷水平下,魔芋球茎富砷量大于茎叶,高土壤砷水平下,魔芋茎叶的富砷量大于球茎.同对照相比,土壤加砷降低了魔芋球茎富砷量所占比例,增加了魔芋茎叶富砷量所占比例,低土壤砷水平下,球茎富砷量所占比例高于茎叶,高土壤砷水平下,茎叶富砷量所占比例高于球茎.魔芋对土壤加砷的利用量与土壤加砷量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋对土壤加砷的利用率只有0.25‰～0.84‰.魔芋球茎和茎叶对砷的富集系数分别为0.03～0.13和0.07～0.13,同对照相比,土壤加砷降低了球茎的富集系数,增加了茎叶的富集系数,在对照下,球茎的富集系数高于茎叶,在土壤加砷下,茎叶富集系数高于球茎.总之,土壤加砷不仅显著增加了魔芋球茎和茎叶的砷含量,也改变砷在魔芋体内的分布格局,魔芋是吸收利用土壤砷能力弱的植物,魔芋通过将所吸收的砷转移到地上部分以适应砷污染土壤环境.