岩石物理相在砂砾岩储层分类评价中的应用——以M1井区上乌尔禾组为例

玛湖凹陷M1井区上乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层非均质性强,孔隙结构和试油产能差异大,主控因素不明.利用岩心、薄片、测录井及试油等资料,对M1井区上乌尔禾组的沉积相、成岩相、裂缝相以及储层综合分类展开研究.结果表明,扇三角洲砂砾岩储层主要为重力流及牵引流2种成因类型,对应扇面河道、水下分支河道、泥石流3种沉积微相.可识别出弱成岩作用相、溶蚀相、压实致密相、方解石胶结相4种成岩相.沉积相与成岩相是影响该区储层的主控因素,依此将储层分为水下分流河道-弱成岩作用相、水下分流河道-溶蚀相、扇面河道-弱成岩作用相、扇面河道-溶蚀相、泥石流-压实致密相、砂砾岩方解石胶结成岩相6种岩石物理相.依据沉积相和成岩相对于储层的影响,将6种岩石物理相归纳为3种类型储层,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层最好,Ⅲ类储层最差,胶结致密.该区岩石物理相与试油结果匹配好,可有效预测有利储层分布区.     

玛南斜坡下乌尔禾组砾岩储层特征及主控因素

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷南斜坡二叠系下乌尔禾组具有良好的勘探前景,为明确该区储层特征及主控因素,通过岩芯观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及储层物性等手段,对二叠系下乌尔禾组砾岩储层特征及主控因素进行了研究。结果表明,下乌尔禾组储层岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩,胶结类型以泥质、沸石胶结为主,结构及成分成熟度较低。储层储集空间类型多样,以剩余粒间孔、火山物质溶孔及沸石溶孔为主。储层物性主要受沉积作用、成岩作用及构造作用共同影响。其中,优质储层受沉积相带控制作用明显,以牵引流为主的扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道是最有利的沉积相带,其次为扇三角洲平原水上分流河道;成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,其中,压实减孔损失量平均为24.0%,胶结减孔量为4.9%,溶蚀作用以浊沸石溶蚀为主,产生的次生溶蚀孔隙对储层物性具有明显的改善作用。构造破裂作用对储层物性也具有重要的改造作用。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系下乌尔禾组储层控制因素分析

以现场岩心观测为基础,结合岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、物性分析、压汞分析等资料,对准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系八区下乌尔禾组碎屑岩储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、储集空间类型及其控制因素进行系统的分析,结果表明:研究区以砂砾岩、细砾岩沉积为主,整体粒度较粗,颗粒分选差,磨圆次棱角-次圆状。砾石成分主要为火山碎屑岩,填隙物以泥质为主。储层物性差,非均质性强,低孔低渗。储层储集空间以原生孔隙为主,其次为方沸石、钠长石等晶内溶蚀孔隙。储集空间的发育主要受构造运动、成岩作用、碎屑颗粒以及填隙物组分等因素的影响。     

玛湖凹陷东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙形成机理及优势储层成因分析

以宏观沉积特征描述为基础,利用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、压汞和物性资料,对玛东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙类型及成因进行研究;发现主要发育三种孔隙类型,剩余粒间孔、粒间浊沸石溶孔和泥质杂基收缩孔。剩余粒间孔因颗粒的支撑而形成,与黏土膜对孔隙的保护作用有关;泥质杂基收缩孔因伊/蒙混层矿物向伊利石转化而形成;粒间浊沸石溶孔受源于二叠系风城组烃源岩的有机酸溶蚀而形成。玛东2井区处于扇三角洲内前缘,以辫状河道砂砾岩沉积为主,主要发育剩余粒间孔和浊沸石溶孔,且以剩余粒间孔为主;夏盐2井区地处扇三角洲外前缘,以水下分流河道砂砾岩和河口坝砂岩沉积为主,主要发育浊沸石溶孔。扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂砾岩,可以提供碱性的高孔渗的开放性环境,有利于浊沸石的早期形成和后期溶蚀,是有利的储层孔隙发育区。     

东营凹陷北部砂砾岩成岩作用及次生孔隙特征

通过对大量岩石薄片、扫描电镜以及储层物性数据进行分析,研究了东营凹陷北部砂砾岩体的成岩作用和次生孔隙的发育特征。东营凹陷北部发育近岸水下扇、深水浊积扇等砂砾岩扇体,储层成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低。砂砾岩储层在埋藏过程中经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀等多种成岩作用。压实作用以机械压实为主;胶结作用主要为碳酸盐胶结、石英次生加大和粘土矿物胶结;溶蚀作用以碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀为主,长石和灰岩岩屑的溶蚀次之。根据镜质体反射率、包裹体测温以及粘土矿物混层比的变化特征,确定砂砾岩体经历了早成岩A、早成岩B和中成岩A期,同期孔隙经历了由原生到次生的演化过程。北部砂砾岩体次生孔隙主要发育在1 650～2 450 m深度范围,与北部地区滨南、胜坨地区相比,利津地区次生孔隙相对不发育。     

柴北缘冷湖五号构造上干柴沟组储层特征研究*

通过岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及压汞等分析测试手段对储层特征进行了详细研究,发现柴北缘冷湖五号上干柴沟组储层主要为三角洲相细砂岩和粉砂岩,少部分中砂岩和粗砂岩。岩石主要经历了压实、胶结及溶蚀等成岩作用,具有压实、溶蚀作用中等和胶结作用较强的特点,胶结物主要有碳酸盐胶结、硫酸盐胶结、硅质胶结和自生黏土矿物胶结。储层现处于晚成岩阶段A期。研究区的孔隙类型主要是残余粒间孔和溶蚀扩大孔。储层物性受控于沉积相带和成岩作用,优质储层为三角洲分流河道砂、水下分流河道砂和席状砂,成岩作用对储层的影响主要体现在溶蚀作用对孔隙的扩大和压实、胶结作用对孔隙的破坏。     

查干凹陷巴二段有效储层控制因素分析

查干凹陷是中生代的沉积凹陷,巴音戈壁组二段是主力生烃层段,扇三角洲环凹分布,但扇三角洲沉积粒度
粗、相变快、物性差,储层有效性是油气成藏的主控因素。针对有效储层的形成机制和分布,开展了沉积相、成岩作
用、储层预测等方面的研究。认为,扇三角洲不同相带储集物性差别较大,平原相砂砾岩杂基含量高、分选差,储层致
密;外前缘相岩石粒度偏细,水动力弱,泥质含量高,储层物性较差;扇三角洲内前缘分流河道微相岩石多为细砾岩、
粗砂岩,分选较好,泥质含量较低,成岩早期的钙质胶结作用对压实起到抑制作用,为后期溶蚀作用创造了条件,碱性
沉积环境及其储层的成岩演化史有利于形成溶蚀孔隙。油气成藏具有扇三角洲前缘储-平原封堵-源内近距离运
移-构造背景控藏的特点。在上述认识基础上,优选乌力吉构造带重点解剖,在扇三角洲前缘钻探获得突破。     

玛南地区乌尔禾组成岩作用对储层物性的影响

利用岩芯观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射分析方法并结合测录井等资料,对准噶尔盆地玛南地区二叠系乌尔禾组储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响作用进行了研究。结果表明:研究区储集岩以砾岩为主,发育少量砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低。目前研究区储层成已处于中成岩阶段B期,成岩作用复杂,对储层物性影响较大的成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,其中压实作用对研究区储层的孔隙破坏性最大,是导致储层低孔低渗的根本原因;胶结作用对储层物性影响具有双面性,胶结物的发育一方面减少了储层孔隙度,但亦在一定程度上抵御了压实应力,并为后期溶蚀作用的发生提供了物质基础;研究区储层埋藏较深,经历了较强的压实和胶结作用,储层物性差,而溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙有效地改善了储层物性,是研究区在低孔低渗背景下形成局部相对优质储层的重要途径。     

中非地区B盆地下白垩统储层特征及其控制因素

目的分析中非地区B盆地下白垩统沉积环境、储层特征及其控制因素。方法利用沉积学、储层地质学理论及分析技术。结果B盆地中下白垩统碎屑岩储层大多形成在河流—三角洲、近岸水下扇等沉积环境中。碎屑岩储层岩性主要为中、细砂岩,不同地区、不同类型储层物性存在较大差异;物性最好的储层为河道、(扇)三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体。结论储层物性主要受压实作用、碳酸盐溶解与胶结作用及沉积环境四大因素控制,其中压实、溶蚀作用及胶结作用是主要控制因素,而沉积环境对物性的影响主要表现在控制原生孔隙的发育程度,并进一步控制溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用。     

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区三叠系成岩作用及其影响因素

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区三叠系发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖泊相等沉积类型的砂砾岩体,地层埋深变化大,成岩作用复杂.对其成岩作用过程的研究结果表明,乌夏地区三叠系储层经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀等多种成岩作用,目前多处于早成岩B亚期和中成岩A亚期成岩阶段,储层的孔隙演化与成岩作用密切相关,早期的压实作用和胶结作用是使原生孔隙遭受破坏的成岩作用类型;中成岩A期,有机质成熟产生有机酸使次生孔隙发育,储层物性有所改善;后期自生胶结物的充填作用是次生孔隙遭受破坏的主要原因.研究表明沉积环境、岩石成分、孔隙流体性质及构造应力是该区成岩作用的主要影响因素,并间接影响储层物性发育,这对预测本区三叠系储层物性的空间分布具有重要意义.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.