黄前库区森林植被截持降雨的能力

研究黄前库区流域森林主要类型刺槐林和油松林对降雨的截留和分配作用,结果表明:林冠截留量表现为阳坡刺槐林最多,阳坡油松林次之,阴坡油松林最小,刺槐林的最大林冠截留量约11mm,而油松林的林冠截留量可达15mm;刺槐林枯枝落叶物对降水的截留明显优于油松林,其吸附比例可达自身重量的4.2～4.4倍,而油松林只有2.1～2.5倍;林下植被对降水的吸附量为阳坡刺槐林最大,阴坡油松林次之,阳坡油松林最少,但它们之间的吸附比率相差不大。     

不同森林类型的土壤持水能力及其环境效应研究

以森林类型梯度镶嵌分布格局的研究为基础，以泰山龙潭积水区的森林土壤为研究对象，对不同森林类型下的土壤进行调查测试分析，结合水、DEM数据分析了区内不同林型地土壤的蓄水能力和水源涵养功能。结果表明该区森林土壤连续涵蓄降水的能力较强，但不同森林类型条件下土壤蓄水能力差异明显，以刺槐林地最好、山顶灌丛最差。区内以成熟林为主，森林植被保护较好，土壤水分特性较佳，能有效减少区域地表径流，增加地下径流量，改善集水区内的水分分配，提高水分的可利用性，对下游环境和水资源的综合利用起到积极的作用。     

不同森林类型的土壤持水能力及其环境效应研究

以森林类型梯度镶嵌分布格局的研究为基础,以泰山龙潭积水区的森林土壤为研究对象,对不同森林类型下的土壤进行调查测试分析,结合水文、DEM数据分析了区内不同林型地土壤的蓄水能力和水源涵养功能.结果表明该区森林土壤连续涵蓄降水的能力较强,但不同森林类型条件下土壤蓄水能力差异明显,以刺槐林地最好、山顶灌丛最差.区内以成熟林为主,森林植被保护较好,土壤水分特性较佳,能有效减少区域地表径流,增加地下径流量,改善集水区内的水分分配,提高水分的可利用性,对下游环境和水资源的综合利用起到积极的作用.     

密云水库流域两种典型人工林枯落物持水特性

通过对密云水库流域油松林和林刺槐林枯落物持水能力测定，结果表明：油松林和刺槐林枯落物现存量为分别为7.11和3.62 t·hm^-2，最大持水量分别为8．227和5．605 t·hm^-2，有效持水量分别为1.193和0．261 t·hm^-2。枯落物吸水量与吸水时间表现出很好的对数关系。     

苏北海堤防护林冠层截留降水特性研究

对苏北海堤主要防护林类型林冠层降水分配格局及其影响因素的分析结果表明:各林分冠层在降水分配格局方面有较大差异,柳杉林冠层截留率(29.4％)>水杉林(25.7％)>刺槐林(17.5)。透流率则是刺槐林(75.7％)>水杉林(68.2％)>柳杉林(66.0％)。刺槐林和水杉林树干径流率明显高于柳杉林,分别为6.35％、6.1％和4.65％。各林分冠层截留率随降雨量级增大而递减。水杉、刺槐林在落叶期截留率比柳杉林低20％,盛叶期柳杉林与水杉林相近,比刺槐林高10％～15％。另外,在逐步回归分析基础上,筛选出了影响林冠截留的主要降水特性因子,并给出了各林分冠层降水截留量预报模型。     

试论广西森林水资源的生态效益

利用多年的森林水文数据，从森林对降雨量的分配；森林涵养水源，调节水量；森林地面径流持性；森林水量平衡；森林造成较湿润的生态环境等五个方面，详尽分析了森林对水资源巨大的生态功能和效益，对广西御防干旱、洪涝灾害提出了１１点建议．     

基于功能性状及系统发育的桂林喀斯特石山群落构建

群落构建是生态学研究的中心议题，采用功能性状和系统发育研究方法可以完善生态位理论在群落构建中的作用。本研究以桂林市喀斯特石山阴坡和阳坡植物群落为研究对象，基于生境内出现的82个物种构建系统发育树，对阴坡和阳坡的土壤含水量、全氮、有机质和叶干物质、叶绿素、叶厚度和木材密度的植物功能性状进行测定，检验功能性状的系统发育信号。结果表明：1)土壤含水量、全氮和有机质含量为阳坡显著高于阴坡(P<0.05);2)叶绿素、叶厚度和木材密度为阴坡显著高于阳坡(P<0.05);3)4种功能性状表现出微弱的系统发育信号；4)阴坡和阳坡群落的系统发育结构均呈发散分布，暗示生境过滤作用是阴坡和阳坡群落构建的主要驱动力。     

中国亚热带森林土壤呼吸的基本特点

中国亚热带森林在全球森林生态系统中具有独特的植被类型及结构,长期受人类活动干扰(毁林、造林等),森林土壤碳呼吸特征不明确,较难准确估算土壤碳的分配情况.分析了我国亚热带森林土壤呼吸在不同森林类型、不同退化和恢复演替阶段,以及造林再造林等的影响条件下的变化规律.结果表明:我国亚热带区域中的天然林的土壤呼吸通常表现为针叶林(如马尾松林)<松阔或针阔混交林<季风常绿阔林;马尾松与杉木人工林广布中国亚热带地区,两种林分的CO2年通量相当,中龄林较之幼龄林,土壤有机碳库呈现减少趋势;不同研究区域相同林分的土壤呼吸效率初步表现为南强北弱;我国亚热带森林的土壤呼吸通量与世界其他地区的热带森林土壤呼吸通量相差无己,其释放的碳量对全球碳通量的影响应加以重视.     

千烟洲试验区大气降雨特征及人工林树干茎流特征

对中国科学院千烟洲试验区大气降水特征及人工林树干茎流进行了研究，结果表明，年降雨量大部分集中在5-9月，其中以6月份最大，日降雨量级低于5．0mm的小雨较多。干流量以木荷林的干流量最大，为41．30mm，其次是湿地松，为5．70mm，杉木林最小，为3．1lmm，3种森林类型干流量的月际变化基本上都是随着降水量增加而增加，其中以木荷林较为明显。但是各森林类型的干流率则大至相同，有时降水量增大干流率反而减少，如1月份降水量为74．5mm，木荷林、湿地松林和杉木的干流量只有1．54mm、0．27mm和0．09mm，干流率却达到2．07％、0．33％和0．13％；7月份的降水量为353．7mm，干流量达到了7．14mm、0．80mm和0．37mm，干流率却只有2．02％，0．23％和0．10％。     

武夷山风景区松墨天牛种群动态的研究

采用林间调查和FJ—Ma-03型引诱剂诱捕相结合的方法，研究松墨天牛在武夷山风景区的分布与发生动态。结果表明，松墨天牛在武夷山风景区主要是普遍分布，多集中发生为害单株濒死或枯死松树上，以及被马尾松毛虫为害后的局部林分。成虫在风景区一年有两个发生高峰期，分别在5月中旬到6月上旬和6月下旬到7月中旬，两次高峰期诱捕到的成虫占总诱捕量的89．2％。结果还表明松墨天牛成虫捕获量与月，均温度显著的相关性；阳坡样地的松墨天牛发生量比阴坡的大；郁闭度和植被覆盖度与松墨天牛的发生量成负相关关系。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.