固体金属同位素在油气运移研究中的应用

固体地球化学中常用的Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素方法被用于测定石油生成、运移的年龄。对准噶尔盆地乌尔禾沥青脉、塔里木盆地志留系固体沥青的Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素年龄测定表明，油气生成、运移均与重大地质事件有关，这种方法可以用来测定石油生成、运移的年龄，从而解决了石油生成机制、运移动力等研究难题。说明用固体金属同位素定年方法可以解决石油地质的重大问题。     

碳同位素组成分析在油气运移研究中的应用

确定含油气区油气运移方向及油气源,是石油地质研究的重要内容,然而,在多产层、多源岩、构造复杂的含油气区,用常规研究方法很难对油气运移方向、油气来源进行正确判定。油气族组分碳同位素组成具有很强的母质继承性,应用这一性质,通过碳同位素组成对比,可以确定油气来源及油气运移方向。用该方法对摆宴井油田及黄骅坳陷孔古3井进行研究,都得到了可信的结论,说明碳同位素组成分析是确定油气运移方向、判别油气源的有效手段。     

锶同位素研究在古季风演化研究中的应用研究

自从Rb—Sr同位素体系被应用于地质年龄以来，随着Rb—Sr同位素地球化学理论和测试分析技术的逐步发展和完善，其应用越来越广泛。主要介绍了锶同位素的基本地球化学特征，分析了锶同位素研究进行全球对比的可能性，探讨了锶同位素研究在我国黄土季风演化研究中的应用。众多研究显示Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr的比值变化受控于风化成壤作用的强弱，与降雨量、磁化率变化有很好的线性相关关系。通过曲线的分析、对比发现Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr曲线所蕴含的气候信息比磁化率曲线更为丰富和详细，与SPECMAP δ^18O曲线具有同步变化特征和更好的对应关系。这些研究表明Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr比值极可能是一种东亚夏季风演化更为灵敏的替代性指标，在古气候重建中有着广阔的应用前景。     

锶同位素研究在古季风演化研究中的应用研究

自从Rb-Sr同位素体系被应用于地质年龄以来,随着Rb-Sr同位素地球化学理论和测试分析技术的逐步发展和完善,其应用越来越广泛。主要介绍了锶同位素的基本地球化学特征,分析了锶同位素研究进行全球对比的可能性,探讨了锶同位素研究在我国黄土季风演化研究中的应用。众多研究显示Rb/Sr和87Sr/86Sr的比值变化受控于风化成壤作用的强弱,与降雨量、磁化率变化有很好的线性相关关系。通过曲线的分析、对比发现Rb/Sr和87Sr/86Sr曲线所蕴含的气候信息比磁化率曲线更为丰富和详细,与SPECMAP     

碳酸盐地层中Sr同位素实验关键问题的讨论

减少或消除放射性成因Sr的影响是碳酸盐地层Sr同位素研究技术之关键.碳酸盐地层的Sr同位素研究,是建立在样品不合放射性成因Sr的基础上.离子交换柱不具有消除放射性成因87Sr影响的功能,只能减少或除去Ca2+、Ba2+等阳离子,以便在质谱分析中提高Sr同位素的电离概率,获取更高的灵敏度,同时消除87Rb(同质异位素)对87Sr测定值的干扰.在质谱分析时,一旦发现样品中含Rb,就必然存在放射性成因87Sr的影响,导致测定值偏高.鉴于一些碳酸盐地层内含有富Rb的硅酸盐和其他矿物组分,盲目使用氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸等强酸溶解样品,有可能严重地影响到Sr同位素(87Sr/86 Sr)的测定值.实验证明,采用选择性溶解技术,用醋酸或浓度较低的稀盐酸萃取碳酸盐,可以减少或排除硅酸盐及其他富含放射性成因Sr的矿物的影响.     

利用DCTA和HIBA快速有效分离Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd的方法

介绍了一种新的Rb_Sr、Sm_Nd化学分离方法,以用于地质样品的同位素测试.方法选用AG50W×8阳离子交换树脂,并先后采用不同的淋洗剂进行分离提纯.首先用常规方法使用盐酸作为淋洗剂将Rb_Sr和REE分开并与其它大部分元素分离,然后使用DCTA和嘧啶的混合溶液(D.P.E.)作为淋洗剂分离Rb和Sr,使用HIBA作为淋洗剂在很小体积(0.6mL)的阳离子交换树脂中分离Sm和Nd.使用这样的分离方法可以有效的将一些干扰离子(如Mg、Ca、Ba)和Sr分离,同时使用该分离方法可以提高分离效率,缩短分离时间,减少试剂用量,降低实验过程空白.用该方法分离国际玄武岩标样BCR_2后的Sr同位素测试结果(87Sr/86Sr=0.705018±3)和Nd同位素测试结果(143Nd/144Nd=0.512616±9)与已经报道的测试结果基本一致,说明本次研究采用的新分离方法效果良好.     

376铀矿床的同位素地质研究

本文所研究的376铀矿床位于雪峰期M岩体的内外接触带中,成矿时代属加里东晚期。根据Rb—Sr,U—Pb和K—Ar同位素年龄以及氧、铅和硫稳定同位素资料,并结合矿区的地质特征,笔者认为:成矿溶液以大气降水来源为主;成矿物质主要来源于M岩体,部分来源于变质沉积岩;矿床的形成与加里东晚期变质作用有着密切的成因上的联系。     

稳定碳同位素δ13C1在煤层气田勘探中的应用

煤层气分布状态主要受控于两种地质效应：一种是热动力学机制控制下的同位素分馏效应，存在于煤层气生成期；另一种是甲烷δ^13C1解吸一扩散一运移效应，存在于煤层气生成后，源于埋深变浅而造成的泄压条件下。文中以沁水煤层气田为例，探讨了沁水煤层气田煤层气δ^13C1解吸-扩散-运移效应。认为可以利用煤层气δ^13C1特征来评价煤层气保存条件和开采稳定性，指导煤层气田的勘探和开发。     

锶同位素地层学在海相地层定年中的潜在价值

锶同位素地层学在海相地层的对比和定年中具有十分重要的作用。随着锶同位素地层学的深入研究，人们清楚地认识到海水的锶同位素组成是全球变化的灵敏指示剂。显生宙以来全球海水的^87Sr／^86Sr比值是时间的函数，可以把锶同位素组成用于海相地层的定年和进行全球对比，估计沉积间断持续时间、生物带的时间范围和发展阶段，从而为重要地球化学周期的预测提供基础参数。当锶同位素地层学用于定年时，其地质年龄的精确度取决于几个因素，包括样品原始锶同位素组成的保存情况、分析精度、用于建立数据库样品年龄的可信度以及^87Sr／^86Sr比值—年龄曲线的最佳拟合方法等。     

铀-铅测年数据聚焦分析

铀-铅同位素测年是最古老和最精确的地质年龄测定方法。该方法还包括钍-铅年龄测定,是利用母同位素（放射性元素铀、钍）与其衰变形成的子同位素（铅同位素）的相对丰度测定样品年龄的方法。锆石是最常用的铀-铅同位素测年矿物,其他矿物如独居石、晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿、钍矿等也可以用于测年。随着计算机技术、质谱技术的不断发展,铀-铅同位素地质年代学获得了突飞猛进的发展,并推动了整个地球科学的发展。目前,铀-铅同位素测年已广泛应用于测定成岩和成矿年代,以及岩石成因、壳幔相互作用、区域地质演化等研究。     

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province: 40Ar39Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise 40Ar39Ar dating results demonstrate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7-124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ( 0.708715-0.711418)and distinctly negative εNd values ( -11.47 - -17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (206Pb/204pb=17.341-17.622,207pb/204Pb=15.525-15.538, 208Pb/204pb = 37.563-37.684).Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low εNd values ( -11.57 - -19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings,and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic compositions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is concluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was caused by source contamination and metasomatism of subducted continental crustal materials.``     

北淮阳富碱侵入岩带Pb同位素研究

北淮阳富碱侵入岩带中的中、基性岩Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素分析结果及本区已发表的磁性和酸性岩的有关成果表明，它们是由最少地壳混染端元、年轻地壳端元和古老地壳端元混合而成．本研究指出了北淮阳Ｐｂ同位素省侵入岩Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素特征的地球化学含义．     

Pb, Sr isotopes in organic matter of Lower Tertiary hydrocarbon source rocks in Liaohe Fault Depression

The Pb, Sr isotopic compositions in organic matters (kerogen and soluble organic matter) of Lower Tertiary hydrocarbon source rock in Liaohe Fault Depression is first reported. There is a great variable rang of Pb isotopic compositions in kerogen, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.488-18.656, 207Pb/204Pb= 15.388-15.692, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.656-37.484. And soluble organic matters have a very stable Pb isotopic composition, that is 206Pb/204Pb = 17.424-17.601, 207pb/204pb= 15.376-15.448, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.620-37.870. Sr isotopic composition varies in the range of 0.747 59-0.716 79 in kerogen and of 0.709 67-0.747 59 in soluble organic matters that have a great range. It is shown that mantle fluid can influence organic matters and make them form hydrothermal hydrocarbon in the geoglogic environment of rift basin.     

山东焦家金矿田锶、铅同位素特征及其地质意义

焦家金矿田是胶西北地区重要的金矿产地，金矿类型以破碎带蚀变岩型为主，其成矿物质来源及成矿地质体尚存争议。采取了焦家金矿田深部样品，分析其同位素特征，研究成矿物质来源，探讨金矿成矿地质体。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.711 653～0.732 45,按焦家金矿田平均成矿年龄120 Ma返算的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i的值，其范围0.710 752～0.711 986,与郭家岭花岗岩较为接近。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.683～38.103,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.43～15.547,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.04～17.44。焦家金矿田金矿体铅为地幔和下地壳的混合源。郭家岭型花岗岩与焦家金矿田金矿形成时间相近，分布空间相依，与金矿体同位素组成接近，成因上有密切联系，是金矿的成矿地质体。     

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Hannuoba Basalts in five-dimensional space and their geological implications

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Han-nuoba Basalts in five-dimensional space are studied. Combined with the distribution of xenoliths, it is suggested that the isotopic relationship between various xenoliths can be well explained by the processes of delamination.     

南兴安岭晚中生代火山岩的岩石成因(II):Pb同位素制约

 对南兴安岭地区晚中生代火山岩的Pb同位素进行了分析,结合其主微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征,探讨了火山岩的岩石成因。满克头鄂博组低钾拉斑-钙碱性玄武安山岩表现出富集LILE、LREE和HFSE亏损元素地球化学特征以及稍高放射性成因Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.704 88～0.704 99; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.18～18.23)和弱相对亏损至弱富集的Nd同位素组成(ε_Nd((t)=-0.12～+0.68),其来源于俯冲沉积物参与改造富集地幔熔融源区。该组的英安岩-流纹岩较基性岩浆具有稍高放射性成因Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.705 22～0.707 09; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.16～18.33)和低Nd同位素组成 (ε_Nd(t))=-1.5～-0.4), 且在空间上与玄武岩共生,为玄武质岩浆结晶分异,并同化混染作用 (AFC)的产物。玛尼吐组英安岩具有与现代俯冲带adakite岩石相似的特征;在Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成上,它们较同期或近期玄武安山岩更低Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.704 09~0.704 25;²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.15~18.17)和高Nd同位素比值(ε_Nd((t))=+0.9~+2.1),为造山带下地壳镁铁质岩石的部分熔融产物。     

Single grain Rb-Sr dating of euhedral and cataclastic pyrite from the Qiyugou gold deposit in western Henan, central China

The Rb-Sr isotopic dating of pyrite mineral from ore deposits can directly provide mineralization age. However, many geological factors may affect the Rb-Sr isotopic system,which baffles application of this method. Employing ultra-low procedural blank Rb-Sr method,we have dated pyrites separated from the No. 4 breccia pipe of the Qiyugou gold deposit,western Henan Province. Single grains of euhedral pyrite crystal with few microcracks yield an isochron age of 126 ± 11 Ma, which represents time of the main mineralization stage of the deposit. Pyrite grains of cataclastic type show nevertheless scattered Rb-Sr isotopic composition and no reasonable isochron can be defined. Crystal morphology and mineral inclusion studies reveal that Rb and Sr of pyrite mineral probably are preserved mainly in biotite, K-feldspar, and sericite mineral inclusions. The dating results likely suggest that cataclastic pyrite is not suitable for the Rb-Sr dating due to modification of the Rb-Sr isotopic system by later hydrothermal activity of fluid.     

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province: 40Ar-39Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating results demonstrate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7–124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (⁸⁷Sr÷⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.708715–0.711418) and distinctly negative ε_nd values (−11.47–−17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (²⁰⁶Pb÷²⁰⁴Pb=17.341−17.622, ²⁰⁷Pb÷²⁰⁴Pb=15.525−15.538, ²⁰⁸Pb÷²⁰⁴Pb = 37.563−37.684). Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low ε_nd values (−11.57–−19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings, and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic compositions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is concluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was caused by source contamination and metasomatism of subducted continental crustal materials.