真空预压与电渗固结联合加固技术的理论模型

真空预压和电渗固结是2种有效的软基加固技术,地基处理中阴极和阳极一般成梅花形布置,因此可以简化为轴对称问题进行研究。该文建立了真空预压-电渗固结问题的轴对称概化模型,研究地基加固过程中地基内超静孔压发展和地表沉降过程。在等应变假设的条件下,推导了轴对称一维模型的解析解。同时发展有限元计算软件,对软基加固过程进行数值模拟分析。真空预压、电渗固结和真空预压-电渗固结联合3种方法地基处理过程中的超静孔压发展情况的对比分析表明:真空预压-电渗固结联合时模型中负超静孔压最大,达到-90kPa,所产生的差异沉降最小,为0.01cm。因此,真空预压与电渗固结联合作用时地基中将形成更大的负超静孔压,达到更好的预压效果,同时有效地减小地表的差异沉降。     

不同干密度压实黄土垂直积水入渗特性

为探究受干密度变化影响下的压实黄土垂直积水入渗特性,以延安黄土为例,利用自主研发的一套一维土柱垂直入渗试验装置,设置三组不同干密度压实土柱进行常水头积水入渗试验。结果表明：入渗率和湿润锋前进速率与压实黄土干密度存在负相关性,导致相同积水入渗时段,干密度越大,累积入渗量越少,湿润锋前进距离越短;干密度变化对入渗率影响主要体现在积水入渗前期,随时间推移影响程度逐渐减小;积水入渗试验中,同一深度相邻传感器响应时间间隔与压实黄土干密度存在正相关性,且干密度越大,土体增湿过程越相对缓慢;试验土体增湿过程中,渗透系数逐渐增大,介于10-9～10-4cm/s之间,当体积含水率在20%～30%时,渗透系数受干密度变化影响不明显,当体积含水率大于30%,干密度越大渗透系数越小;压实黄土增湿稳定时,体积含水率小于饱和态,渗透系数近似等于饱和渗透值。     

考虑起始比降和井阻作用的竖井地基固结近似解

在传统竖井地基固结理论的基础上,考虑起始比降对土体内渗流的影响,建立新的固结计算模型,并推导既可考虑起始比降也能考虑井阻作用的竖井地基中渗流移动边界与时间的关系表达式及孔压和固结度的近似解析表达式。通过对比计算,分析起始比降对竖井地基固结性状的影响及竖井地基的孔压分布情况。研究结果表明:在存在起始比降的竖井地基中,渗流是沿径向和竖向发展,深度越大,孔压消散越慢,而在一定深度以下的土体将不会发生渗流和固结。因为起始比降的影响,土体中孔压不会完全消散,存在残余孔压;按孔压定义的固结度一直小于100%。最终固结度除与荷载有关,还与起始比降有关。     

降雨入渗条件下边坡湿陷变形的数值模拟

降雨入渗是边坡发生失稳滑动破坏的主要因素之一为研究降雨入渗条件下边坡湿陷变形的基本特性,采用修正的巴萨罗那模型（BBM）和非饱和多孔介质力学理论,建立了基于弹垫性分析的非饱和流固耦合计算模型,开发相应的有限元程序,进行降雨入渗下非饱和土边坡渗流场和应力场耦合的数值分析,研究了降雨持时、降雨强度以及饱和渗透系数对边坡渗流和变形的影响．结果表明：该计算模型能够很好地反映边坡的湿陷变形特性,最大湿陷变形发生在坡面拐角及坡顶位置．降雨强度和土体饱和渗透系数的大小对边坡内孔压和位移影响显著：在降雨强度小于饱和渗透系数时,坡内孔压及位移随降雨强度的增大而增大;当饱和渗透系数小于且接近降雨强度时,坡内孔压和位移增量明显增大;而当饱和渗透系数远大于或小于降雨强度时,坡内孔压及位移变化量则较小．     

一维积水入渗水分运移动态监测新技术

水在土壤中入渗时湿润锋前后含水量、吸力等物理量变化剧烈,精准监测土壤内部湿润锋动态变化比较困难.本文选用微型数字温湿度传感器(SHT30),利用湿度传感器对水分的高灵敏性,监测了一维土柱积水入渗时湿度剖面的动态变化,对比分析了湿润锋及水分运移过程.通过3种不同干密度土柱的一维积水入渗试验,在土柱中心位置不同高度处由上至下布设湿度传感器,外部布置相机拍摄土柱边界湿润锋推进过程,结合有限元数值模拟,揭示了土柱中水分入渗规律.结果表明:湿度传感器能及时准确捕捉吸湿路径下湿润锋;土柱的干密度越大,同一深度湿度骤升得越晚,表明入渗速率随干密度的增大而减小;对比外部拍摄的湿润锋和内部监测的湿润锋,发现拍摄边界湿润锋略晚于内部,随着土柱干密度增大,两者差距缩小;Shahabi渗透系数经验公式比Kozeny-Carman公式更接近实测饱和渗透系数,SEEP/W有限元模拟湿润锋推进过程与实测结果吻合良好.     

基于透明土技术的非饱和均匀流运移机理分析

为刻画降雨入渗下土壤内部非饱和均匀流的运移特征，借助透明土试验技术开展室内模型试验，利用黑白参考点像素强度校正自由入渗透明土像素强度，并建立归一化像素强度与饱和度的函数关系，分析不同边界条件下透明土非饱和均匀入渗的特征.研究表明：可用像素强度表征非饱和透明土饱和度，模拟非饱和透明土均匀入渗过程；开放式系统排气顺利，封闭式系统入渗过程受气体阻碍，其饱和度约为开放式系统的0.8倍，湿润锋到达潜水层边界后出现饱和锋，饱和度略小于开放式系统；通气条件下湿润锋经过时孔压从0kPa逐渐上升，封气条件下流体入渗时孔压从0kPa开始上升；入渗率和累计入渗量随初始含油率的增大而减小，随输油强度的减小而减小.     

饱和无限地基动力反应的有限元分析

为分析饱和地基动力反应，讨论了用ｕ－ｐ 格式有限元数值解法。将土视为两相体，考虑水的渗流与土骨架变形的相互影响。引入考虑饱和土两相性情况下的传输边界，用以模拟地基无限性。推导了加入传输边界后的有限元方程，讨论了相应总体方程的无条件稳定交叉求解方法。通过饱和有限厚土层表面受条形简谐荷载作用的算例，对比两种不同的人工边界（自由边界、传输边界），并结合算例讨论了渗透系数对位移和孔压的影响及有限厚土层截止频率的存在和产生机理等有关问题。分析表明当量纲１ 的传输边界距离大于４ 时， 计算精度将满足实用要求； 另外，渗透系数的重要影响也说明了在饱和地基动力计算中考虑渗流的必要性。     

一个考虑浅层地下水位埋深的降雨物理入渗模型

基于经典Green-Ampt入渗模型,建立了考虑任意降雨强度下浅层地下水位埋深的降雨物理入渗模型.针对4种不同渗透性质的土样,将此模型的解析解与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,结果表明:所建的降雨入渗物理模型及其数值解的最大积水时差仅为0.274 h,最大相对累积入渗量误差仅为3.204%,验证了该修正模型的合理性.同时以砂质壤土为例,利用该模型分析不同地下水位埋深对降雨入渗的影响.分析表明:雨水入渗速率、累积入渗量以及积水时间受地下水位埋深的影响较小,而湿润锋深度随着降雨历时的增加受其影响逐渐明显.     

黄土水分入渗规律的数值模拟研究

运用数值模拟手段研究地表入渗作用下土水特征曲线(SWCC)参数与边界条件对入渗结果的影响,以探究黄土中水分入渗的规律。使用HYDRUS-1D软件建立土柱试验数值模型,使用控制变量法,逐一改变SWCC参数(VG模型参数)与边界条件以探究其各自对模拟结果的影响。模拟结果显示:入渗速率、特定时间节点的入渗深度与饱和渗透系数k_s成正比,与饱和含水率θ_s成反比,与VG模型参数α成反比,与VG模型参数n成正比,与残余含水率θ_r几乎没有关系,与入渗边界的水头高度呈正比。研究结果表明,饱和渗透系数k_s是非饱和渗流的重要影响因素,饱和渗透系数较大,代表土体更松散,导水能力更好。提高模型饱和含水率θ_s会使入渗速率下降,入渗深度变浅,这是因为提高饱和含水率影响了土体中初始水分的分布,水分在土体中形成的连续性通道变少。残余含水率与土体中自由水的运移无关,因而对土体中的水分渗流没有影响。SWCC参数α、m、n的大小与土体孔隙结构、颗粒组成有关,改变SWCC参数会使土的渗流特性发生改变。上部水头增大会使渗流加快,但在超出土体饱和渗流能力的情况下,增大上部边界水头对渗流影响很小。     

峰峰新三矿煤矸石山土壤水分特性研究*

为了解煤矸石基质土壤的水分特性,为煤矸石山水土保持、生态修复和复垦提供理论依据,试验选用峰峰新三矿6种不同煤矸石基质土壤,采用室内模拟试验的方法,测定土壤孔隙度、渗透系数和水分入渗规律。试验结果表明:混合基质土壤孔隙度随掺土比例的增大而增大,掺土后基质总孔隙度显著增加;基质土壤的渗透系数山脚山腰山顶;矸土比为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7的混合基质土壤的渗透系数分别是原矸石的0.643、0.517和0.459,掺土后渗透系数显著降低。山脚矸石的初始入渗率和稳渗率分别为山腰的1.111和1.078倍;山腰矸石的初始入渗率和稳渗率分别为山顶的1.096和1.102倍;矸∶土/7∶3的初始入渗率和稳渗率分别为5∶5的1.152和1.149倍;矸土比5∶5的初始入渗率和稳渗率分别为矸土比3∶7的1.179和1.057倍。矸土混合土壤的初始入渗率、稳渗率均随矸土比的减小而迅速减小,入渗达到稳定状态的时间随矸土比的减小而增加。Kostiakov入渗模型更适合作为风化煤矸石的入渗模型,通用经验模型更适合作为掺土煤矸石的入渗模型。矸石掺土可以显著降低入渗率,提高累积入渗量,有益于煤矸石山的植物生长。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to