木质素基生物炭制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

研究温度对生物炭得率、吸附性能的影响.采用无氧慢速热解的方法,以酶解木质素为原料,制备不同温度下的生物质炭,测定热解得率、生物炭得率、挥发分、灰分及对亚甲基蓝的吸附值.热解试验结果表明:随着炭化温度从300℃逐渐升高到700℃,热解得率先降低后升高,挥发成分先升高后降低,生物炭得率先降低后升高.在500℃时,热解得率和生物炭得率分别为54.09%和50.77%,灰分含量为3.32%,挥发分含量为45.91%;热解温度为300℃时,木质素基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附值最大,为37.31 mg/g;热解过程中,C—H、C=O键断裂.     

不同炭化温度的竹炭对重金属离子的吸附性能

选用不同炭化温度的竹炭,研究其对单一和混合重金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明：竹炭对重金属离子吸附存在物理和化学吸附,其吸附性能与其比表面积、孔径及pH等有关;不同炭化温度竹炭对重金属的吸附有选择性,炭化温度为800℃的竹炭对Hg2+、Pb2+、Cr6+吸附效果较好,炭化温度为1 000℃的竹炭对Cd2+吸附效果较好;竹炭吸附混合重金属离子存在协同和阻碍两方面的效应,与单一离子相比,竹炭在混合重金属离子溶液中对Pb2+、Hg2+、Cr6+吸附率增加,而对Cd2+的吸附率却减少。     

不同活化因素对秸秆活性炭孔结构的影响

以K_2CO_3为活化剂,辣椒秸秆为原料制备活性炭,研究活化温度、活化时间、浸渍比和浸渍时间等影响因子对活性炭孔结构的影响.以比表面积、总孔容及碘吸附值为表征指标,对活性炭孔结构进行分析.结果表明,在给定的取值范围内,随着影响因子值的增加,比表面积和碘吸附值都呈现先升高后降低的趋势.在800℃活化温度、120min活化时间、2∶1浸渍比、24h浸渍时间的最佳条件下,制备的活性炭比表面积和碘吸附值的最大值分别达到1 753.983m~2/g,1 754mg/g,总孔容为0.893cm~3/g,平均孔径2nm,微孔率达84%.     

黄芪废渣活性炭的制备及其对 Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附特性

以黄芪废渣(AS)为原料,用KOH为活化剂制备黄芪废渣活性炭(ASC)并用于对水溶液中Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附.考察了KOH质量浓度、活化时间、活化温度和浸渍比(活化剂体积(mL):黄芪废渣质量(g))等因素对黄芪废渣活性炭碘吸附值和得率的影响;通过扫描电子显微镜、比表面积测定和X射线衍射等方法对黄芪废渣活性炭进行表征.结果表明,在KOH质量浓度为20%,浸渍比3∶1,温度为600℃,活化炭化时间为80 min时,制备的黄芪废渣活性炭的比表面积为1 519.53 m~2·g~(-1),对重金属离子Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)在20℃,pH分别为5.0和6.0时饱和吸附量分别为1.98和1.04 mmol·g~(-1).     

麦秸生物质炭对活性艳红KD-8B的吸附性能研究

以小麦秸秆为原料,采用限氧裂解法制备生物质炭,研究生物质炭对水中活性艳红KD-8B的吸附性能,考察了炭化温度,溶液pH,溶液初始浓度,吸附剂量,吸附时间对吸附效果的影响.结果表明在炭化温度为600℃,pH值为2.0,初始浓度为50mg/L的活性艳红溶液中加入7.0g/L麦秸生物质炭,吸附30min后,对活性艳红的吸附率可达90%以上.从生物质炭官能团和微观结构对秸秆生物质炭吸附活性艳红KD-8B的吸附机理进行了分析探讨.     

K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭

以椰壳炭化料为原料，采用K2CO3活化法在不同操作条件下制备椰壳活性炭，探讨了K2CO3活化实验中K2CO3与炭化料质量比、活化时间和活化温度对活性炭得率、活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值和苯酚吸附值的影响．实验结果表明，K2CO3与炭化料质量比和活化温度是K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭最重要的影响因素．综合考虑活性炭的得率和活性炭吸附性能受活化操作参数的影响规律，探讨了K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭的最优操作参数，得到了实验范围内的最佳5-艺条件为：K2CO3与炭化料的质量比为2：1，活化温度为800℃左右，活化时间为120min．     

水解木质素制备药用活性炭的研究

以水解木质素为原料,用化学法(ZnCl2为活化剂)制备药用活性炭。研究活化温度、活化时间、料液比(水解木质素与化学药品活化剂溶液的重量比)等对活性炭的得率、硫酸奎宁吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响;确定了用水解木质素制备药用活性炭适宜的工艺条件:活化温度为550℃,活化时间为2h,料液比为1∶3.5,ZnCl2溶液浓度为46°Be′(60℃)。结果表明,药用活性炭的得率为50.28%;活性炭的硫酸奎宁吸附值≥120mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值180mg/g,pH6.5,铁0.01%,氯化物0.05%,硫酸盐0.05%,灰分2.63%,酸溶物0.6%,水溶性锌盐0.003%,硫化物、重金属(以Pb计)、氰化物、未炭化物均为合格。     

吸附法脱除卤水中SO2-4的试验研究

由于SO2-4对ZrⅣ具有强烈的亲合性,因而可利用ZrO(OH)2在酸性条件下从卤水中选择性地吸附并脱除SO2-4.考察了pH值、吸附时间、卤水浓度、吸附剂质量和吸附温度等因素对卤水中SO2-4吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明,在一定pH值范围内,其值越小,吸附效果越好;延长吸附时间,吸附率几乎没有变化,这说明吸附速率较快;卤水浓度减小或吸附剂ZrO(OH)2质量增加,吸附率升高,但吸附量降低;卤水温度每升高10 ℃,吸附率仅略有增加.因此,pH值、卤水浓度和吸附剂ZrO(OH)2质量对吸附反应影响较大,而吸附时间和温度对其影响相对较小,吸附剂ZrO(OH)2对SO2-4的一次性吸附率可达95%以上.     

吸附法脱除卤水中SO_4~(2-)的试验研究

由于SO2 -4对ZrⅣ 具有强烈的亲合性 ,因而可利用ZrO(OH) 2 在酸性条件下从卤水中选择性地吸附并脱除SO2 -4。考察了 pH值、吸附时间、卤水浓度、吸附剂质量和吸附温度等因素对卤水中SO2 -4吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明 ,在一定 pH值范围内 ,其值越小 ,吸附效果越好 ;延长吸附时间 ,吸附率几乎没有变化 ,这说明吸附速率较快 ;卤水浓度减小或吸附剂ZrO(OH) 2 质量增加 ,吸附率升高 ,但吸附量降低 ;卤水温度每升高 10℃ ,吸附率仅略有增加。因此 ,pH值、卤水浓度和吸附剂ZrO(OH) 2 质量对吸附反应影响较大 ,而吸附时间和温度对其影响相对较小 ,吸附剂ZrO(OH) 2 对SO2 -4的一次性吸附率可达 95 %以上     

微孔玻璃的制备及其吸附分离N_2/CO_2研究

吸附法脱除二氧化碳的关键在于开发高效的吸附剂.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备微孔玻璃,首先通过控制pH值、乙醇用量、温度等参数来得到适宜的干凝胶,干凝胶在高温下熔融形成玻璃体后,依次进行分相和酸浸析处理后得到微孔玻璃.结果表明:在pH值1~2、凝胶温度50℃、熔融温度1 175℃条件下,可以得到孔径集中在0.7~2.0 nm的微孔玻璃;随着盐酸浓度的升高,微孔玻璃的平均孔径逐渐增大,而孔体积和比表面积则逐渐减小;微孔玻璃对N2/CO2具有较高的吸附选择性,分离因子可达8.4以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…