烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

名量词判定新论

判定一个成分是名量词而非名词主要看量词所由产生的句法环境,在和数词组合的情况下作名词的谓语,并具计量单位的陈述功能,能在"名+数+X"结构中承担计量功能的,是名量词,不能,则不是.判定"数+X(+之/的)+名"中的X是不是名量词,可以运用"转换+替换"法.     

固体推进剂用液体硝酸酯增塑剂冰点的测定及其方法的研究

液体增塑剂的冰点,直接影响着推进剂的低温力学性能.通过测熔点的方法,测试了硝化甘油(NG),1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN),-缩二乙二醇二硝酸酯(DEGN)和它们不同比例混溶物的冰点.为配方设计提供了必要的理论依据。     

两类特殊的三阶矩阵环的Morphic性质

研究了两类特殊三阶矩阵环的左Morphic性质.具体地,设R是环,令L（R）=a11 0 0a21 a22 a230 0 a33｜a11,a21,a22,a23,a33∈R和O（R）=a 0 0a21 a a230 0a｜a,a21,a23∈R.证得：（1）L（R）和O（R）都不是左Morphic的;（2）当R是唯一Morphic环且R∝R是左Morphic的,O（R）中主对角线为非零元的元素是左Morphic元.     

东北生态类型单雌蓖麻遗传规律研究

控制单雌蓖麻单雌性状的基因为4对,其中3对为隐性重叠基因,用符号ai表示,Ai对ai为显性;另外一对为隐性抑制基因,用符号b表示,B对b为显性．纯合隐性基因bb对隐性重叠基因a1a1a2a2a3a3起抑制作用,使得a1a1a2a2a3a3bb（保持株）表现为正常两性株,a1a1a2a2a3a3BB（纯合型）和a1a1a2a2aa3a3Bh（杂合型）表现为单雌株．还有一组控制性转换的修饰基因,当温度过低或极高时,该基因才发生作用,从而使单雌蓖麻出现一些极端分离的比例现象．纯合型单雌株与保持株杂交,可获得全雌系．全雌系与恢复系杂交,F1代全为正常两性株,这样即可用全雌系、保持系、恢复系实现蓖麻三系法制种．     

小熊猫肝脏和胆囊的解剖研究

对小熊猫的肝脏和胆囊进行了解剖研究,小熊猫肝脏分为右叶、叶叶和左叶。右叶包括在右外叶、右中叶和右内叶。左叶包括左内叶、左外叶。中叶包括方叶和尾叶,方叶小,尾叶的乳状突粗大。胆囊位于右内叶或右内叶与方叶形成的胆囊窝内,胆囊管有直管和曲管两种类型。肝内结缔组织少,肝小叶分界极不明显。肝细胞呈多边形,具大而圆的细胞核,核仁明显,并将小熊猫与大熊猫的肝脏和胆囊作了比较研究。     

方程与粒子穿透几率

在一般情况下,导出了抛物线位垒的穿透几率,并在特殊情况下再现了半经典结果。引入镜像算符讨论了势垒和势阱的互补性,以及Weher方程与Schordinger方程、Hermite方程之问的关系。     

采煤机运动参数对工作面温升的影响

采煤工作面的温度关系到工人的健康、设备的使用性能和煤炭生产的安全。为了研究采煤机运动参数对工作面温升的影响,建立了采煤机设计参数与工作面温升关系的数学模型,分析了采煤机的牵引速度、滚筒转速与工作面温升之间的关系及其影响。模拟结果表明,采煤机的运动参数对工作面的温升有直接的影响,工作面的温度随采煤机牵引速度的提高迅速增加,滚筒转速对工作面的温升影响较大;适当降低采煤机的牵引速度和滚筒转速能降低采煤工作面的温升。该结果为正确选择采煤机的运动参数、减少采煤机工作发热、降低采煤工作面温升、进一步改善采煤工作面的环境提供了依据。     

基于Petri网模型控制的步行机器人的自由步态

为解决步行机器人在复杂环境下的运动问题 ,根据步行运动的特点 ,提出了单腿运动的 Petri网控制模型 ,又以5足步行机为例 ,建立了与其腿数相对应的多腿协调控制模型 ,并制定了相应的控制策略。在此基础上 ,重新提出了有关步行机器人自由步态的有关概念及其运动规划算法 ,定义了保持静稳定行走状态的运动条件和判断方法。最后对 5足步行机在平面不连续落足区内的跨沟运动进行了仿真。仿真结果表明 ,提出的运动控制模型和自由步态能够自动适应运动环境 ,实现离散地形下的步行运动     

求真务实:先进精神文化意义上的系列新维度

胡锦涛提出的要在全党大力弘扬的求真务实精神,有着精神文化上的多重性,是一个高度综合的富有感召力的先进文化理念,有必要全方位地加以认识、理解和实践。具体应把握以下六个“度”：传统意义上的新厚度、现实意义上的新强度、内涵意义上的新深度、外延意义上的新广度、思想意义上的新高度、实践意义上的新力度,等等。     

冠状系统R-旋转图连通的充要条件

六角系统的R-旋转图是1棵有向根树,但冠状系统的R-旋转图是一个有向森林.其底图不一定连通.如果冠状系统是基本的,已经证明其R-旋转图至少包含2棵有向根树.利用有向根树问的一种乘法运算,证明了一个冠状系统的R-旋转图为1棵有向根树当且仅当该冠状系统的每个基本分支都是六角系统.