黑石顶森林群落演替过程种间总体关联性分析

应用Schluter的方差检验法,在2种尺度下采用物种出现与否的二元数据及物种多度数据,对黑石顶自然保护区森林群落演替过程5个演替阶段种间联结动态进行了研究.同一尺度下采用2类数据进行测定,对测度结果表现出的差异所隐含的生态学意义进行了分析,认为这是由于多物种间环境适应性相同时,为降低种间竞争强度而产生的一定程度的种间分离.研究结果显示,演替过程各个群落多物种间的总体关联性在2个尺度下都表现为不同程度的正关联或无关联;不同群落种间分离随正关联程度的增加而加大,表明植物群落可能是一个自组织系统,通过自我调节,实现多物种间的稳定共存.     

南亚热带不同演替阶段的森林群落优势种种群动态研究

通过对广东黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带不同演替阶段的森林群落立木年龄级的比较研究,以及对优势种种群在群落中重要地位的变化规律和生态位移动规律的研究,结果表明：随着森林群落演替的进展,不同演替阶段的森林群落的优势种种群在群落中的地位变化是很有规律的．马尾松和荷木在群落中的地位明显地由大变小,不同步地被后来者取代．森林群落优势种种群的生态位移动的研究结果也同样说明了这个问题．     

山西黄刺玫群落灌木层优势种种间关联性研究

通过野外调查,选取黄刺玫群落122个样方的20种优势物种,运用多物种方差比值（VR）,χ2检验,OI指数,AC值以及Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数对其进行了种间关联分析.结果表明：该群落内物种整体关联性表现为负关联不显著;负关联的种对数远大于正关联的种对数,呈显著关联和极显著关联的种对数所占比例较小.这说明黄刺玫群落不稳定,群落内存在激烈的竞争,群落处于演替的初期.20个物种种对关系表现出了不同的性质,这可能是群落内环境异质性所致.种间关联的研究可以反映出由物种生态特征所形成的有机联系,研究结果对黄刺玫群落的保护与利用有一定的指导意义.     

南京老山国家森林公园朴树群落优势种的种间关系

研究森林群落主要树种的种间关系,有助于揭示植物群落的结构和功能及物种共存的维持机制.在野外调查基础上,采用2×2联列表,通过方差比率法(VR)、χ~2检验、3个关联指数(Jaccard指数、Ochiai指数、Dice指数)、联结系数(AC)以及Pearson积距相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数对南京老山国家森林公园的朴树群落中16种主要乔木的种间关系进行分析.结果表明:群落内总体方差比率(VR)为0.95,表现为负联结,反映了该群落处于不稳定的进展演替阶段.16个优势乔木树种组成的120个种对中,仅有1对呈显著正联结,44对呈显著或极显著负联结,而绝大多数种对联结关系未达到显著水平,这表明种对间的独立性较强.     

管涔山撂荒地植物群落演替过程中优势种种间关系分析

采用一次性同时调查的方法获得数据,运用X~2-检验、Spearman秩相关指数分析方法对管涔山余庄乡撂荒地植物群落在演替过程中优势种种间关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)依据TWINSPAN分类,把所取得的39个样方划分为7个群丛,分别属于演替过程中的三个不同阶段--草本群落阶段(包括群丛I1、I2、I3)、灌丛群落阶段(包括群丛II1和II2)和森林群落阶段(包括群丛III1和III2).(2)在X~2-检验的基础上,运用Spearman秩相关分析每个演替阶段种对间的关系,结果显示不同演替阶段种对间的关系不同.如在草本群落阶段,白莲蒿和黄芪呈正相关,而在灌丛群落阶段,二者则表现为负相关,这可能是因为物种适应不同微环境而表现出的差异.但正负关联比呈增加趋势(0.78→0.86→1.09),说明了植物群落是向着群落稳定的方向发展.(3)本研究结果支持随着群落演替进程的发展,正关联比例越高,群落结构越趋于稳定,多物种可以稳定共存,群落达到与环境条件相适应的稳定阶段的观点.     

岑王老山常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落优势种种间联结性与种间相关性分析

种间联结及种间相关性能够反映植物群落中物种间的关系和群落的稳定程度,对植被的恢复与重建、生物多样性保护等具有重要的意义和价值。本研究基于岑王老山1hm2样地中胸径大于1cm的每木调查数据,采用方差比率法(VR)、种间联结(AC)系数、Ochiai指数、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数以及PCA排序,对群落中13个优势树种的种间联结性和种间相关性进行分析,并进行生态种组的划分。结果显示:(1)群落总体呈现显著正联结,表明群落正处于演替的稳定阶段;(2)种间联结性与种间相关性分析中的正负关联比均未超过1,但达到显著正关联的种对数明显大于达到显著负关联的种对数,说明群落整体联结性与群落中达到显著关联的种对数关系更为密切;(3)相关性检验中虽然结果相似,但Spearman秩相关检验的结果更为灵敏;(4)生态种组的划分与相关性检验表现出一致性,说明物种的生态学特性以及对资源的利用方式对其种间关系具有较大的影响。     

苏南丘陵山区典型次生森林群落的点格局分析

为研究北亚热带丘陵山区次生森林在不同演替序列中群落的空间结构特征,对江苏省南京市溧水林场区域内36块30 m×30 m样地中的木本植物分布进行了详细调查。在利用典范相关分析(CCA)确定不同演替阶段典型群落类型的基础上,运用点格局分析方法对各类型群落中优势树种的空间分布格局进行研究。结果表明:研究区典型森林群落类型为马尾松-麻栎群落、冬青-马尾松群落、麻栎-栓皮栎群落和杉木-油桐群落,土壤条件是影响该地区植物群落组成差异的首要因素。各群落类型中的优势乔木树种在>3 m的空间尺度上通常都表现为均匀分布格局,推断种内竞争可能是形成这种格局特征的重要原因。主要乔木树种之间的空间关联通常表现为中性关系,而对于麻栎-栓皮栎这种功能属性相近的树种,由于受到种间竞争驱动从而表现出显著的负相关。     

黔北丹霞地貌桫椤群落优势木本植物的种间联结性

[目的]探索黔北丹霞地貌桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)群落优势木本植物的种间联结性.[方法]采用方差比率(VR)、x2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)、Pearson相关性分析和Spearman秩相关性分析方法,对黔北丹霞地貌桫椤群落内15个优势木本植物构成的105个种对进行种间联结性定量分析.[结果]VR分析发现15个优势木本植物的种间关系总体上表现为不具有统计学意义的负关联关系,且负关联种对数多于正关联种对数.x2检验、AC分析、Pearson相关性分析和Spearman秩相关性分析发现负关联种对分别占全部种对数的52.38％,52.38％,62.86％和55.24％;正关联种对较少分别占全部种对数的45.71％,45.71％,36.19％和42.86％;而PC分析则显示正关联种对数多于负关联种对数.105个种对总体上表现为负关联种对数占优势,正关联种对数次之.[结论]黔北丹霞地貌桫椤群落优势木本植物的种间联结性较为松散,种间关系趋于独立.     

鼎湖山森林群落分析 Ⅴ.群落演替的线性系统与预测

本文在总结鼎湖山森林群落演替过程的基础上,运用植物群落演替系统的线性模型,对鼎湖山森林群落的演替过程进行定量研究,并对各个演替阶段的林木成份进行预测,其结果具有良好的可信度。根据预测结果划分的演替阶段,可为荒山的改造以及森林群落的合理管理和利用,提供理论依据。     

森林群落覆盖度与物种多样性及物种联结性的关系研究

在样方调查基础上,分析了广东南亚热带森林不同阶段的森林群落的物种多样性及物种联结性和群落覆盖度的关系.随着演替的进展,森林群落的物种多样性指数和森林覆盖度有着密切的关系.森林群落覆盖度增加,使群落里的生境条件变得温和,有利于物种的增加.物种的增加又使群落里物种间竞争更加激烈,物种间负联结对数增加,阔叶树种间占领空间能力不断增强.这主要表现在阔叶树种覆盖度总和的增加和不断削弱了马尾松在群落中的重要位置.森林覆盖度指数按幂函数Y=28379X1.5624增加.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to