高压脉冲电场杀菌技术在食品工业中的应用

高压脉冲电场杀菌技术用于食品杀菌具有能耗低 ,时间短、有效保存食品营养成分和天然色、香、味等特点 ,具有广阔的工业化应用前景 .对高压脉冲电场的灭菌机理 ,影响因素 ,能耗与经济效益 ,研究现状前景等问题做了探讨     

用于脉冲叠加器的LLC谐振充电源的研究

为了更好地满足串联磁芯结构的脉冲叠加器充电需求,设计了一款结构紧凑、开关频率较高的全桥LLC变换器充电源,并提出附加平衡绕组的方法,解决了每级储能电容充电电压幅值不一致的问题。在对变换器的结构设计、工作过程、参数设计进行了阐述分析后,搭建了10级脉冲叠加器及谐振变换器充电源实验平台。实验表明:该充电源在开关频率100 kHz时实现了软开关功能;使用附加平衡绕组的方法能够有效提高每级电容充电电压的一致性;通过调节变换器充电源的充电电压,脉冲叠加器能稳定输出幅值8 kV、脉冲宽度2μs、频率10 kHz的高压脉冲,满足脉冲叠加器的充电需求。     

食品高压脉冲电场杀菌技术

高压脉冲电场(high-voltage pulsed electric field,HPEF)杀菌技术是目前国际上最热门的食品加工技术之一,本文介绍了高压脉冲电场杀菌技术的基本机理,杀菌装置,以及对该技术在食品加工中应用的介绍。     

用于高压纳秒脉冲杀菌系统的气体火花开关研制

高强度脉冲电场杀菌是脉冲功率技术的一个重要应用方向。文章结合现有的理论和技术,研制出适用于高压纳秒脉冲杀菌系统的气体火花开关。开关产生的脉冲上升时间可以短至2.2ns、脉冲峰值电压可以达到40kV。     

不同杀菌方式对鲜橙汁品质的影响及其感官评价

以鲜榨橙汁为原料,研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)杀菌技术和热杀菌技术对鲜橙汁中微生物和理化指标的影响,以及鲜橙汁在储藏期间品质变化情况,并对不同杀菌方式所制得的鲜橙汁进行了感官评定.结果 表明:高压脉冲电场可以有效地杀灭鲜橙汁中的微生物,贮藏40 d后,细菌菌落总数和酵母、霉菌菌落总数均符合国家标准;PEF处理的鲜橙汁无论是在色泽、香气还是口感方面都好于热处理的鲜橙汁.     

阻容型分压器在脉冲电容器放电特性研究中的应用

该文设计了一种包括脉冲电阻分压器和高压云母电容器的阻容型分压器，用于脉冲电容器放电特性的实验研究。在脉冲电容器充电过程中，高压云母电容器承受高电压；在脉冲电容器放电过程中，脉冲电容器的瞬变电压在脉冲电阻分压器上产生输出电压。通过合理设计阻容分压器的电容、电阻值，可以准确测量脉冲电容器的充电电压和放电波形。该文用阻容型分压器分析了一种脉冲电容器的放电特性。     

肉制品病原微生物的高压脉冲电场杀菌效果研究

高压脉冲电场广泛应用于牛奶、饮料等流质食品杀菌实验,本实验选用携菌鲜猪肉和鲜鱼肉为杀菌对象,磁场强度分别为0、2．4、5．16、10．36T,脉冲频率为50Hz,脉冲时长为5ms,脉冲数分别为0、10、20个,在上述条件作用下,并没有观察到杀菌效果,初步分析可能是肉制品状态不均一和电导率低所至。     

国外信息

国际食品界近年开发了一系列高效、安全、能保持食品原有风味与营养的杀菌新技术。一、超高压杀菌食品无须加热,只需对食品施以高压.便可使细菌的微生物酶系受到破坏而致死。该技术的最大特点是,不会破坏食品营养成分,不产生毒性与异味,能保持原风味与色泽,延长保存期。可广泛用于原料果汁、饮料、畜肉制品等的杀菌。二、微波加热杀菌此技术为日本发明,适合对鸡肉、猪肉、豆腐、糕点、饮料、奶、酒等液状食品杀菌,效果显著。三、臭氧杀菌以臭氧代替氯对水进行消毒杀菌。臭氧的氧化能力比氯大50倍,能杀灭细菌、病毒、寄生虫。杀菌后,臭氧能全部挥发,不残留水中,无再次污染问题。该技术还可应用于谷物、豆类、饲料等的杀菌。四、紫外线杀菌利用波长260nm的紫外线照射微生物,可引起其分子内部产生化学反应而致死。这一技术不仅可用于各种食品容器的杀菌,还可用于畜肉、清凉饮料及啤酒制造用水、蔬菜、鱼类及制面用冷却水、冷冻鱼的解冻水等的杀菌。五、水中脉冲放电杀菌该技术能使微生物的细胞膜受到破坏,病毒失去活性,酵母菌也能被杀灭,它的能耗只有加热灭菌的千分之一,食品营养、风味、色泽不变。六、电子射线杀菌电子射线源或白热丝经真空下加热,阴极产生电子,电子通过真空电场时速度加快,能量高,穿     

20kV/cm高压脉冲电场下外界因素对大肠杆菌杀灭效果的影响

在20kV/cm高压脉冲电场作用下,以大肠杆菌为研究对象,随着脉冲数的增加,探讨外部因素如介质温度、介质性质、微生物生长期对高压脉冲电场杀菌效果的影响,结果表明介质温度对大肠杆菌致死的影响并不明显,低pH值会对大肠杆菌的致死起到协同增效的作用,在大肠杆菌延滞生长期时的杀菌效果最好。     

基于开关串联和延时驱动的高压方波脉冲源研究

在全固态Marx发生器的基础上进行电路拓扑的改进:充电方式采用高压直流充电;多级电容储能合并为一级高压电容储能,减少电路的寄生参数;通过一级半导体串联开关对高压电容输出的直流电压进行斩波形成高压脉冲;增加一组截尾开关,快速释放负载的残存电荷,在脉冲末尾形成快速的下降沿。详细分析了串联半导体开关驱动电路的特点后,设计了串芯磁环隔离驱动电路和共原边延时驱动电路来满足驱动要求。最后在20 kΩ阻性负载上实现10 kV的高压方波脉冲输出。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.