特征筛选对脑-机接口信号单次提取精度的影响

脑-之机接口的核心问题之一是通信载体信号的单次提取．在构建脑控拼写器的过程中，通过“模拟自然阅读”诱发模式产生的视觉诱发电位作为人脑与计算机之间的通信载体，采用支持向量机方法进行特征信号的单次识别．为提高识别精度，详细研究了信号时程、时段的选择对模式识别精度的影响．结果表明，信号时程越长分类精度越高，时程达到300ms时，分类精度就可达到最大值（且趋于饱和）；信号时段的选择对分类精度亦有较大影响，最佳时段在靶刺激出现后约250～350ms作为起始处．这一结果为提高系统的整体速度与精度打下了基础．     

用多通道特征组合和SVM单次提取诱发脑电信号

以“模拟人类自然阅读诱发模式”产生的诱发脑电信号作为载体，利用脑一机接口这种新颖的人-机交互方式构建一种脑控拼写装置．在这种实时通信模式中，不能采用认知科学实验及临床中的常规相干平均方法来提取诱发电位，而必须实现特征信号的单次识别．对来自四个通道的各种信号成分进行特征组合，利用支持向量机分类器对一名被试者脑电信号中的载波成分进行了单次提取，最佳特征组合的平均正确识别率为98．8％，证明了诱发模式的先进性和系统实现的可行性．     

小波变换在视觉诱发电位信号提取中的应用

在基于视觉诱发电位脑机接口研究中，需要在强噪声背景下迅速准确地提取出微弱的视觉诱发电位信号。对信号进行小波分解，分析诱发电位信号及噪声在不同尺度上的分布特点，选择诱发电位信号能量相对集中且能较好反映信号主要特征的频带设计了小波时频滤波器。小波时频滤波器结合少量次累加平均，可提高信噪比，提取出视觉诱发电位信号。实验表明，平均刺激9-20次就能提取出信号。本方法能准确快速地提取出有明显特征的诱发电位信号，有利于提高脑机接口通信速度及正确率。     

采用Fisher线性判别分析进行MEG信号的分类

脑磁图(MEG)具有比脑电(EEG)信号更高的时空分辨率,可以作为输入信号建立脑-机接口系统.提出一种脑磁图的特征提取和分类方法,首先对MEG信号进行预处理,然后提取时域特征,最后采用Fisher线性判别分析进行分类.将该算法用于2008年脑-机接口数据竞赛的数据集Ⅲ,该数据集为一个典型的采用MEG信号的脑-机接口系统.离线分析结果表明,该算法取得了很好的分类准确率,对两个测试者(S1和S2)的分类正确率分别为5946%和4324%.与其他方法相比,该方法简单有效,运算速度快,具有较高的参考价值.     

基于稳态视觉诱发电位的脑-机接口实验研究

为提取应用于脑-机接口系统的稳态视觉诱发电位信号(SSVEP),运用叠加平均与快速傅里叶变换(FFT)相结合的方法,由其频谱图上得到作为输入信号的稳态视觉诱发电位信号.通过实验确定了叠加平均次数与最佳视觉刺激颜色,并对混合闪光刺激下SSVEP的提取进行了研究.实验结果表明,该方法提取出的SSVEP信号能够反映使用者的控制意图,可应用于脑-机接口系统.     

基于共空间模式和神经元网络的脑-机接口信号的识别

提出了一种基于共空间模式和LVQ神经元网络对不同意识的脑电信号进行分类的方法.脑电信号是通过电极在头皮表面采集的脑-机接口的控制信号,提取脑电信号特征并对其进行分类,组成不依赖于正常的由外围神经和肌肉组成的输出通路的通讯系统.首先利用小波包分解对原始脑电信号进行预处理,对分解后特定小波包子带的脑电信号进行共空间模式分解,提取最优的特征;然后利用LVQ网络对不同意识任务特征进行分类,实验结果表明,该方法取得了92.7%的平均分类识别率,已经达到脑-机接口实际应用的标准.     

2018年脑机接口研发热点回眸

 脑机接口提供了人脑与外部设备之间的直接通信通道,它的独特之处是不依赖于外周神经和肌肉组织。近年来,脑机接口领域发展迅速,脑机接口研究正在不断扩展,其应用范围也在不断扩大。本文综述了2018年脑机接口领域在系统应用与关键技术方面所取得的重要研究进展,展望了脑机接口智能化、移动化的发展新趋势,并提出脑机接口伦理风险的新思考。     

基于主成分分析和Fisher准则的脑电信号分类

脑-机接口(brain-computer interaction,BCI)利用脑电信号实现人脑与计算机或其它电子设备的通讯和控制,P300拼写范式是脑机接口中的一种常用方法.将遗传算法和支持向量机用于脑电信号的分类.选取三个实验者的实验数据作为处理对象,采用主成分分析和Fisher准则相结合提取特征.在用主成分分析降维后,Fisher准则进一步提取有效特征,提升分类准确率.采用支持向量机对特征数据分类.Fisher准则在特征提取中具有良好的效果.     

基于序贯似然比检验的运动想象脑电信号分类方法研究

快速准确地对脑电信号进行特征分类是脑-机接口研究的关键问题之一。从人脑决策模型出发,结合自适应小波基特征提取方法,提出了一种基于序贯似然比检验的运动想象脑电信号动态分类方法。该方法在分类中无须预先固定样本量,而是逐次取样,累积分类信息,有利于解决脑-机接口的实时控制问题。为了更好地衡量该方法的有效性,进行了10次10折交叉验证,实验结果表明3个运动想象数据集共8位受试者的平均正确率达到87%以上,互信息和分类时间等指标也表明该方法能够有效提高脑-机接口系统的性能,具有较好的实用性。     

基于序贯似然比检验的运动想象脑电信号分类方法研究

快速准确地对脑电信号进行特征分类是脑-机接口研究的关键问题之一．从人脑决策模型出发,结合自适应小波基特征提取方法,提出了一种基于序贯似然比检验的运动想象脑电信号动态分类方法．该方法在分类中无须预先固定样本量,〖JP2〗而是逐次取样,累积分类信息,有利于解决脑-机接口的实时控制问题．为了更好地衡量该方法的有效性,进行了10次10折交叉验证,实验结果表明3个运动想象数据集共8位受试者的平均正确率达到87%以上,〖JP〗互信息和分类时间等指标也表明该方法能够有效提高脑-机接口系统的性能,具有较好的实用性．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to