强度耦合的广义Jayfnes—Cummings模型中相干态的周期性复原效应

考察了依赖强度耦合的广义Jayfnes-Cummings模型，假定初始时光场是相干态、原子处于相干迭加态，作者发现，在相位匹配条件下，初始场的相干态展示周期性的复原效应，同时，还证明了在描写光场的相干性方面，光场的量子相位与量子相干性是并协的。     

初始量子相干性对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中量子纠缠的影响

研究拉曼耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子系统,在初始态具有量子相干性时纠缠相干态的生成,讨论了初始量子相干性对所生成的纠缠态的影响,指出初始量子相干性只影响所生成的纠缠相干态各组分之间的相位,不影响它们的振幅.     

耗散腔中两二能级原子的量子退相干

在能量耗散腔中,原子用泡利算符描述,光场用相干态描述,运用密度矩阵理论,得到了两二能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律及退相干因子.分析与单模辐射场作用过程中原子态的量子相干性.结果表明: 原子态的量子相干性的演化特性取决于原子-场耦合常数、光场的平均光子数和衰变系数.     

主动关联马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中多参数相位估值的极限

基于量子费歇尔信息和量子费希尔信息矩阵理论,研究了三端口输入的主动关联马赫-曾德尔(Mach-Zehnder, MZ)干涉仪在两种不同输入态下的相位估值极限.研究结果得到,在单个端口输入任意光场的情况下,利用相位平均和量子费歇尔信息矩阵理论消除了输入光场的涨落对相位估值极限的影响;而在双端口输入相干态的情况下,无法消除光场涨落对估值极限的影响,且相位估值极限依赖于输入的双相干光的初始相位.     

2个原子与2个耗散腔场量子体系中的量子退相干

应用J-C模型与相互作绘景中的密度算符理论,研究了2个相互纠缠的理想腔体中2个二能级Rydberg原子与2个纠缠耗散腔场单光子共振相互作用过程中的量子退相干,得到了2个二能级原子的退相干因子.通过对数值计算,讨论了耗散系数和原子-光场相互作用耦合系数对原子态的量子相干性的演化特性的影响.结果表明,耗散系数和原子-光场相互作用强度不仅影响原子态的量子相干性的演化的振荡性,而且影响其演化的周期性.     

单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性

应用全量子理论,研究了单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性.通过数值计算,分析了光场初始为单模奇相干态且耦合双能级原子分别处于两种不同EPR(Einstein Poclolsky Rosen)态时光场的平均光子数n0、场与原子间相互作用耦合强度g以及原子与原子间偶极相互作用的耦合强度ga对光场量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明,量子场熵随时间的演化与原子的初始状态有关;在初始强场(n0 1)条件下,光场与原子纠缠与退纠缠呈现一定的周期性,且存在量子干涉现象;随着g的增大,量子场熵不规则振荡周期逐渐减小;当ga为定值时,量子场熵的时间演化呈现崩坍与回复现象.     

多模光场与二能级原子N_j度简并N~∑光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的演化

利用冯·纽曼量子约化熵理论研究了多模相干态光场与单个二能级原子简并多光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的时间演化特性,得到了多模光场量子熵的解析表达式,并给出了三模场与原子相互作用时场量子熵的数值计算结果,详细讨论了此时初始平均光子数、原子分布角以及原子偶极相位角对场量子熵与纠缠的影响.数值计算结果表明:初始光场越强,场与原子之间的量子纠缠越弱,当光场足够强时,两子系统几乎始终处于退纠缠状态;场量子熵强烈地依赖于原子分布角,光场与原子总是处于纠缠态,并且在短时间的振荡之后几乎停留在最大纠缠态,而原子分布角越大,场量子熵演化到其最大值的时间越短;原子偶极相位角对场与原子之间的量子纠缠几乎没有影响.根据场量子熵的这些特性,可以制备纠缠态或纯态.     

同频率纠缠双光子态的量子相干特性

基于量子相干原理,分析了脉冲激光泵浦的第二类型自发参量下转换产生的同频率纠缠双光子态.研究了同频率纠缠双光子的量子相干性质,并与由脉冲激光所产生的不同频率纠缠双光子的量子相干性质做了对比.结果表明,随着激光脉冲宽度的增加,不同频率纠缠双光子态的相位匹配函数的不对称性增加,纠缠光子对的相干性减小,同频率纠缠双光子态的相位匹配函数仍保持对称,纠缠光子对的相干性达到最大.     

多模光场与二能级原子Nj度简并N^∑光子共振相互作用系统中场量了熵与纠缠的演化

利用冯·纽曼量子约化熵理论研究了多模相干态光场与单个二能级原子简并多光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的时间演化特性,得到了多模光场量子熵的解析表达式,并给出了三模场与原子相互作用时场量子熵的数值计算结果,详细讨论了此时初始平均光子数、原子分布角以及原子偶极相位角对场量子熵与纠缠的影响。数值计算结果表明：初始光场越强,场与原子之间的量子纠缠越弱,当光场足够强时,两子系统几乎始终处于退纠缠状态;场量子熵强烈地依赖于原子分布角,光场与原子总是处于纠缠态,并且在短时间的振荡之后几乎停留在最大纠缠态,而原子分布角越大,场量子熵演化到其最大值的时间越短;原子偶极相位角对场与原子之间的量子纠缠几乎没有影响。根据场量子熵的这些特性,可以制备纠缠态或纯态。     

调频场作用下双光子电离光电子谱特性

应用微扰理论和数值计算方法,研究了调频光场作用下激发与电离模型中双光子电离光电子谱的相干特性.分析了调频光场的调制振幅、调制频率以及初相位对双光子电离光电子谱的影响.结果表明,调制振幅、调制频率以及初相位对双光子电离光电子谱有调制作用.选取合适的参量,可以实现对双光子电离光电子谱的量子控制.这一相干量子控制的机理是强场作用下激发态的粒子在两个缀饰态之间的选择性布局所致.     

三能级原子-场系统中原子的偶极平方压缩

研究了三能级原子与单模辐射真空场相互作用中原子的偶极平方压缩效应.运用数值计算方法讨论了辐射场与原子的2种耦合常数的相对大小以及原子的初始相干性对原子偶极平方压缩的影响.研究结果表明若初始原子处于基态或最高激发态,则相互作用系统在演化过程中不会出现原子的偶极平方压缩效应;当初始原子处于基态与最高激发态的相干叠加态时,系统在演化过程中可出现原子偶极平方压缩效应;原子偶极平方压缩的深度由反映初始原子相干性的位相因子决定;在其他条件一定时,若初始原子处于最高激发态的几率为1/4而处于基态的几率为3/4,则原子可呈现最佳偶极平方压缩效应;当辐射场与原子的2种跃迁耦合常数均不为0时,压缩量呈周期性变化;压缩量变化的周期由2种跃迁耦合常数的相对大小决定.     

Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas

If bosonic particles are cooled down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy, they can spontaneously form a coherent state in which individual matter waves synchronize and combine. Spontaneous coherence of matter waves forms the basis of a number of fundamental phenomena in physics, including superconductivity, superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation. Spontaneous coherence is the key characteristic of condensation in momentum space. Excitons--bound pairs of electrons and holes--form a model system to explore the quantum physics of cold bosons in solids. Cold exciton gases can be realized in a system of indirect excitons, which can cool down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy owing to their long lifetimes. Here we report measurements of spontaneous coherence in a gas of indirect excitons. We found that spontaneous coherence of excitons emerges in the region of the macroscopically ordered exciton state and in the region of vortices of linear polarization. The coherence length in these regions is much larger than in a classical gas, indicating a coherent state with a much narrower than classical exciton distribution in momentum space, characteristic of a condensate. A pattern of extended spontaneous coherence is correlated with a pattern of spontaneous polarization, revealing the properties of a multicomponent coherent state. We also observed phase singularities in the coherent exciton gas. All these phenomena emerge when the exciton gas is cooled below a few kelvin.     

基于微腔中自生长量子点的量子光信息存储

提出一个基于微型圆盘光学谐振腔（microdisk structure cavity）中自生长量子点的量子光信号存储方案,该方案利用量子光场和量子点系综自旋态之间的Raman过程来实现长时间的量子光信号存储.该方案的主要优势在于：使用全光学Raman过程来耦合光信号和腔中量子点的导带能级,使系统有可能存在较长的相干时间.此外,这种微腔中自生长量子点的工艺比较成熟,使该方案便于实验上实现、控制和大规模集成.     

Tunable ion-photon entanglement in an optical cavity

Proposed quantum networks require both a quantum interface between light and matter and the coherent control of quantum states. A quantum interface can be realized by entangling the state of a single photon with the state of an atomic or solid-state quantum memory, as demonstrated in recent experiments with trapped ions, neutral atoms, atomic ensembles and nitrogen-vacancy spins. The entangling interaction couples an initial quantum memory state to two possible light-matter states, and the atomic level structure of the memory determines the available coupling paths. In previous work, the transition parameters of these paths determined the phase and amplitude of the final entangled state, unless the memory was initially prepared in a superposition state (a step that requires coherent control). Here we report fully tunable entanglement between a single (40)Ca(+) ion and the polarization state of a single photon within an optical resonator. Our method, based on a bichromatic, cavity-mediated Raman transition, allows us to select two coupling paths and adjust their relative phase and amplitude. The cavity setting enables intrinsically deterministic, high-fidelity generation of any two-qubit entangled state. This approach is applicable to a broad range of candidate systems and thus is a promising method for distributing information within quantum networks.     

Non-equilibrium coherence dynamics in one-dimensional Bose gases

Low-dimensional systems provide beautiful examples of many-body quantum physics. For one-dimensional (1D) systems, the Luttinger liquid approach provides insight into universal properties. Much is known of the equilibrium state, both in the weakly and strongly interacting regimes. However, it remains a challenge to probe the dynamics by which this equilibrium state is reached. Here we present a direct experimental study of the coherence dynamics in both isolated and coupled degenerate 1D Bose gases. Dynamic splitting is used to create two 1D systems in a phase coherent state. The time evolution of the coherence is revealed through local phase shifts of the subsequently observed interference patterns. Completely isolated 1D Bose gases are observed to exhibit universal sub-exponential coherence decay, in excellent agreement with recent predictions. For two coupled 1D Bose gases, the coherence factor is observed to approach a non-zero equilibrium value, as predicted by a Bogoliubov approach. This coupled-system decay to finite coherence is the matter wave equivalent of phase-locking two lasers by injection. The non-equilibrium dynamics of superfluids has an important role in a wide range of physical systems, such as superconductors, quantum Hall systems, superfluid helium and spin systems. Our experiments studying coherence dynamics show that 1D Bose gases are ideally suited for investigating this class of phenomena.     

相干矢量表象中的量子相干性度量

量子相干性度量最近是量子资源理论中的热点任务. Baumgratz等人已经于2014年提出严格的相干性度量框架.在该框架中,相干性度量的定义要求把量子态固定在希尔伯特空间中一组特定基矢上,其结果是在同一度量下,基矢的变换会引起同一量子态的相干性发生改变.在相干矢量表象中利用相干矢量的旋转性质,一种基于相干矢量归一化模长的相干性度量被提出.在该度量中,同一量子态的相干性独立于基矢的选择.基于该度量的非相干态和非相干算符已经分别定义为经典最大混合态和酉算符.同时,三条重要性质已经得到,分别为非负性、凸性和非相干操作不变性.     

Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits

Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic resonance and ion trap technologies, the potential scalability of the former systems--together with progress in their coherence times and read-out schemes--makes them strong candidates for the building block of a quantum computer. Recently, coherent oscillations and microwave spectroscopy of capacitively coupled superconducting qubits have been reported; the next challenging step towards quantum computation is the realization of logic gates. Here we demonstrate conditional gate operation using a pair of coupled superconducting charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we prepare different input states and show that their amplitude can be transformed by controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gate operation, although the phase evolution during the gate operation remains to be clarified.     

Kerr介质对双模光场压缩效应的影响

研究了在充满Kerr介质的高Q腔内三能级原子与双模光场相互作用系统中光场的压缩效应，分析了腔中Kerr介质对初态分别为双模压缩真空态和SU（1，1）相干态的两种光场的双模压缩以及双模和压缩的影响，指出Kerr效应对初态为SU（1，1）相干态的光场压缩的影响较初态为双模压缩真空态的光场压缩的影响明显。     

利用V型三能级原子与相干态腔场的拉曼相互作用来传送三比特的未知原子态

实现量子态的隐形传送,尤其是多比特的量子态的隐形传送在量子信息领域中具有非常重要的作用。本文提出了一种用一个三原子和相干态腔场的纠缠态作为量子信道,隐形传送三比特的未知原子态的方案。