耗散腔中两二能级原子的量子退相干

在能量耗散腔中,原子用泡利算符描述,光场用相干态描述,运用密度矩阵理论,得到了两二能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律及退相干因子.分析与单模辐射场作用过程中原子态的量子相干性.结果表明: 原子态的量子相干性的演化特性取决于原子-场耦合常数、光场的平均光子数和衰变系数.     

2个原子与2个耗散腔场量子体系中线性熵的研究

应用J-C模型与相互作用绘景中的密度算符理论,研究了2个二能级Rydberg原子与2个纠缠耗散腔场单光子共振相互作用过程中线性熵的演化特性.推导了此体系中单个原子、单个场以及2个原子、2个腔场的线性熵公式,讨论了腔场的耗散系数和原子-光场相互作用耦合系数对各线性熵演化的振荡性及其周期性的影响.线性熵的时间演化周期与原子...     

多模光场与二能级原子N_j度简并N~∑光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的演化

利用冯·纽曼量子约化熵理论研究了多模相干态光场与单个二能级原子简并多光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的时间演化特性,得到了多模光场量子熵的解析表达式,并给出了三模场与原子相互作用时场量子熵的数值计算结果,详细讨论了此时初始平均光子数、原子分布角以及原子偶极相位角对场量子熵与纠缠的影响.数值计算结果表明:初始光场越强,场与原子之间的量子纠缠越弱,当光场足够强时,两子系统几乎始终处于退纠缠状态;场量子熵强烈地依赖于原子分布角,光场与原子总是处于纠缠态,并且在短时间的振荡之后几乎停留在最大纠缠态,而原子分布角越大,场量子熵演化到其最大值的时间越短;原子偶极相位角对场与原子之间的量子纠缠几乎没有影响.根据场量子熵的这些特性,可以制备纠缠态或纯态.     

2个二能级原子与最小热环境作用系统中的量子特性

利用全量子理论研究了2个二能级原子与单模热场相互作用的简单模型(其中一个原子是孤立的,另一个原子与单模热场相耦合,该热场为一个小微外环境),通过对该模型进行精确求解,探究小微外环境对2个相互作用二能级原子系统量子特性的影响.通过研究量子纠缠和相干特性的时间演化,讨论了相关耦合常数及环境有效温度对有关物理量演化的影响.结果表明：这一系统中,可观察到2原子间量子纠缠的突然死亡和再生的现象,分别对应弱耦合及强耦合情况,当平均光子数不同时,相干性及原子的线性熵随时间变化呈现不同的演化规律.     

二能级原子与单模光场相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性

利用全量子理论,研究了二能级原子与单模相干态光场相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性;通过数值计算,讨论了光场的平均光子数、光场-原子之间的耦合系数g对量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:量子场熵随时间的演化呈现出周期或非周期性的振荡、崩塌与回复等现象,说明、g对量子场熵演化特性的影响具有非线性的特征.     

双模SU(1,1)相干态与原子相互作用中的量子纠缠

考虑双模SU(1，1)相干态与二能级原子相互作用．分别用量子约化熵和量子相对熵研究了该系统双模SU(1，1)相干态与原子问的纠缠以及双模SU(1,1)相干态的模间纠缠，分析了SU(1,1)双模光子数差和光场失谐量对场-原子纠缠和模间纠缠的影响．     

多模光场与二能级原子Nj度简并N^∑光子共振相互作用系统中场量了熵与纠缠的演化

利用冯·纽曼量子约化熵理论研究了多模相干态光场与单个二能级原子简并多光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的时间演化特性,得到了多模光场量子熵的解析表达式,并给出了三模场与原子相互作用时场量子熵的数值计算结果,详细讨论了此时初始平均光子数、原子分布角以及原子偶极相位角对场量子熵与纠缠的影响。数值计算结果表明：初始光场越强,场与原子之间的量子纠缠越弱,当光场足够强时,两子系统几乎始终处于退纠缠状态;场量子熵强烈地依赖于原子分布角,光场与原子总是处于纠缠态,并且在短时间的振荡之后几乎停留在最大纠缠态,而原子分布角越大,场量子熵演化到其最大值的时间越短;原子偶极相位角对场与原子之间的量子纠缠几乎没有影响。根据场量子熵的这些特性,可以制备纠缠态或纯态。     

单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性

应用全量子理论,研究了单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性.通过数值计算,分析了光场初始为单模奇相干态且耦合双能级原子分别处于两种不同EPR(Einstein Poclolsky Rosen)态时光场的平均光子数n0、场与原子间相互作用耦合强度g以及原子与原子间偶极相互作用的耦合强度ga对光场量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明,量子场熵随时间的演化与原子的初始状态有关;在初始强场(n0 1)条件下,光场与原子纠缠与退纠缠呈现一定的周期性,且存在量子干涉现象;随着g的增大,量子场熵不规则振荡周期逐渐减小;当ga为定值时,量子场熵的时间演化呈现崩坍与回复现象.     

T-C模型中纠缠原子与相干态光场相互作用的光学效应

研究一对纠缠的二能级原子与单模相干态光场的相互作用,得出光子之间关联函数Q参数的演化规律.讨论原子一场的耦合系数g、初始相干光场强度n~-、原子间的耦合系数ε及纠缠因子对光场所呈现出的聚束效应和反聚束效应的影响.     

耗散原子-腔场复合系统中线性熵的演化特性

应用全量子理论研究了两个纠缠的耗散腔场与穿过其中一个腔场的二能级Rydberg原予相互作用过程中原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵及原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵的演化特性.通过数值计算,讨论了共振情况下耗散常数和原子-光场相互作用耦合强度对原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵及原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵、原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵的演化都较强地依赖于原子-光场相互作用耦合强度和耗散常数.耗散常数和原子-光场相互作用强度不仅影响量子场熵演化的振荡性,而且影响线性场熵演化的周期性.     

伊辛模型中的纠缠动力学

伊辛模型是最简单的海森堡模型,对该模型中纠缠的研究将极大地推动固态量子计算机的发展.在考虑系统相位消相干的基础上,研究了带有Dzyaloshinski-Moriya(DM)相互作用的两量子比特伊辛链中的纠缠动力学问题后发现:相位消相干和DM相互作用对纠缠的影响依赖于系统初态的形式.对某些初态来说,系统纠缠始终不变;对另外一些初态来说,系统纠缠随时间振荡并逐渐减小,增加DM相互作用将减小纠缠和振荡周期,增加相位消相干率也将减小纠缠,但振荡周期不变.     

Coherent manipulation of semiconductor quantum bits with terahertz radiation

Quantum bits (qubits) are the fundamental building blocks of quantum information processors, such as quantum computers. A qubit comprises a pair of well characterized quantum states that can in principle be manipulated quickly compared to the time it takes them to decohere by coupling to their environment. Much remains to be understood about the manipulation and decoherence of semiconductor qubits. Here we show that hydrogen-atom-like motional states of electrons bound to donor impurities in currently available semiconductors can serve as model qubits. We use intense pulses of terahertz radiation to induce coherent, damped Rabi oscillations in the population of two low-lying states of donor impurities in GaAs. Our observations demonstrate that a quantum-confined extrinsic electron in a semiconductor can be coherently manipulated like an atomic electron, even while sharing space with approximately 10(5) atoms in its semiconductor host. We anticipate that this model system will be useful for measuring intrinsic decoherence processes, and for testing both simple and complex manipulations of semiconductor qubits.     

利用超导量子干涉仪制备N比特团簇态（英文）

利用两个超导量子干涉仪与腔场的相互作用,提出一种实现标准两比特量子相位门的方案。利用构造的两比特相位门,还提出了一种制备N比特团簇态的方案。在此方案中,量子信息被编码在两个超导量子干涉仪的相对稳定的基态上。在两个超导量子干涉仪与单模腔场的相互作用过程中,由于超导量子干涉比特的激发态被绝热地消去,激发态所引起的消相干得到了有效的抑制。此外,还讨论方案的实验可行性。     

Decoherence of matter waves by thermal emission of radiation

Emergent quantum technologies have led to increasing interest in decoherence--the processes that limit the appearance of quantum effects and turn them into classical phenomena. One important cause of decoherence is the interaction of a quantum system with its environment, which 'entangles' the two and distributes the quantum coherence over so many degrees of freedom as to render it unobservable. Decoherence theory has been complemented by experiments using matter waves coupled to external photons or molecules, and by investigations using coherent photon states, trapped ions and electron interferometers. Large molecules are particularly suitable for the investigation of the quantum-classical transition because they can store much energy in numerous internal degrees of freedom; the internal energy can be converted into thermal radiation and thus induce decoherence. Here we report matter wave interferometer experiments in which C70 molecules lose their quantum behaviour by thermal emission of radiation. We find good quantitative agreement between our experimental observations and microscopic decoherence theory. Decoherence by emission of thermal radiation is a general mechanism that should be relevant to all macroscopic bodies.     

Fock态作用下两原子的纠缠

在Milburn内禀退相干模型下,研究了单模量子辐射场Fock态作用下两个二能级原子的纠缠,得到了原子约化密度矩阵的解析形式.由于退相干,原子间纠缠将随体系的演化而衰减,最终原子态将趋于稳定,此时纠缠只依赖于场和原子的初态.纠缠度用concurrence来定量计算.     

Creation of a six-atom 'Schrödinger cat' state

Among the classes of highly entangled states of multiple quantum systems, the so-called 'Schr?dinger cat' states are particularly useful. Cat states are equal superpositions of two maximally different quantum states. They are a fundamental resource in fault-tolerant quantum computing and quantum communication, where they can enable protocols such as open-destination teleportation and secret sharing. They play a role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and enable improved signal-to-noise ratios in interferometry. Cat states are very sensitive to decoherence, and as a result their preparation is challenging and can serve as a demonstration of good quantum control. Here we report the creation of cat states of up to six atomic qubits. Each qubit's state space is defined by two hyperfine ground states of a beryllium ion; the cat state corresponds to an entangled equal superposition of all the atoms in one hyperfine state and all atoms in the other hyperfine state. In our experiments, the cat states are prepared in a three-step process, irrespective of the number of entangled atoms. Together with entangled states of a different class created in Innsbruck, this work represents the current state-of-the-art for large entangled states in any qubit system.     

A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps

Quantum computers require the storage of quantum information in a set of two-level systems (called qubits), the processing of this information using quantum gates and a means of final readout. So far, only a few systems have been identified as potentially viable quantum computer models--accurate quantum control of the coherent evolution is required in order to realize gate operations, while at the same time decoherence must be avoided. Examples include quantum optical systems (such as those utilizing trapped ions or neutral atoms, cavity quantum electrodynamics and nuclear magnetic resonance) and solid state systems (using nuclear spins, quantum dots and Josephson junctions). The most advanced candidates are the quantum optical and nuclear magnetic resonance systems, and we expect that they will allow quantum computing with about ten qubits within the next few years. This is still far from the numbers required for useful applications: for example, the factorization of a 200-digit number requires about 3,500 qubits, rising to 100,000 if error correction is implemented. Scalability of proposed quantum computer architectures to many qubits is thus of central importance. Here we propose a model for an ion trap quantum computer that combines scalability (a feature usually associated with solid state proposals) with the advantages of quantum optical systems (in particular, quantum control and long decoherence times).     

相位阻尼对量子传输保真度的影响

研究了在相位阻尼作用下一个二能级原子与两个不同光场相互作用的系统中的量子态的保真度.讨论了相位阻尼和失谐对量子传输的最大保真度的影响,并且获得了通过该信道进行量子传输的最大保真度.此外,还分析了通过该信道进行量子传输的平均保真度.     

基于原子与腔场双光子相互作用制备原子W态

提出一种利用原子与腔场双光子相互作用制备原子W态的方案。在此方案中,初始时将一个制备在高能级的两能级原子注入处于真空态的腔场中,其余的两能级原子制备在低能级依次注入腔场中发生双光子相互作用。由于原子与腔场之间相互作用是共振的,因此耦合强度相对较大,这将缩短所需的相互作用时间,从而降低实验中退相干的影响。     

Strong atom-field coupling for Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

An optical cavity enhances the interaction between atoms and light, and the rate of coherent atom-photon coupling can be made larger than all decoherence rates of the system. For single atoms, this 'strong coupling regime' of cavity quantum electrodynamics has been the subject of many experimental advances. Efforts have been made to control the coupling rate by trapping the atom and cooling it towards the motional ground state; the latter has been achieved in one dimension so far. For systems of many atoms, the three-dimensional ground state of motion is routinely achieved in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although experiments combining BECs and optical cavities have been reported recently, coupling BECs to cavities that are in the strong-coupling regime for single atoms has remained an elusive goal. Here we report such an experiment, made possible by combining a fibre-based cavity with atom-chip technology. This enables single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with a simplified set-up and realizes the situation of many atoms in a cavity, each of which is identically and strongly coupled to the cavity mode. Moreover, the BEC can be positioned deterministically anywhere within the cavity and localized entirely within a single antinode of the standing-wave cavity field; we demonstrate that this gives rise to a controlled, tunable coupling rate. We study the heating rate caused by a cavity transmission measurement as a function of the coupling rate and find no measurable heating for strongly coupled BECs. The spectrum of the coupled atoms-cavity system, which we map out over a wide range of atom numbers and cavity-atom detunings, shows vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding 20 gigahertz, as well as an unpredicted additional splitting, which we attribute to the atomic hyperfine structure. We anticipate that the system will be suitable as a light-matter quantum interface for quantum information.