玉米淀粉接枝高吸水树脂的制备研究*

淀粉接枝高吸水性树脂是一种带有吸水基团的网状结构高分子聚合物,是近年来国内外广泛开发研究的新型功能材料之一。以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,环己烷为连续相,过硫酸钾(KPS)作为引发剂,在氮气保护下采用反相悬浮聚合法合成高吸水性树脂微球。红外光谱法(FTIR)表明产物为淀粉接枝AA/AM高吸水树脂。通过正交试验探讨了各种因素对树脂吸液率的影响。结果表明较适宜工艺条件是:玉米淀粉用量为10%,引发剂用量为0.2%,交联剂用量为0.3%,分散剂用量为2%。通过显微镜(SEM,TEM)和热重(TGA)探讨了接枝高吸水树脂的外形和热稳定性。结果表明树脂微球粒径大多分布在100μm上下,且热稳定性良好。同时探讨了温度对淀粉接枝高吸水树脂保水能力的影响,结果表明高吸水树脂有良好的保水性能。     

棉短绒纤维制备高吸水性树脂研究

采用溶液聚合法,以天然植物资源棉短绒纤维为原料,经醚化制得羧甲基纤维素(CMC),然 后与丙烯酸(AA)及丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚,最后经N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)交联制备得到高吸水性树脂（SAP）。制备的高吸水性树脂吸收 去离子水的能力超过2500倍,吸收质量分数为09％的生理盐水高达310倍左右,高吸水性树脂经充分吸收润涨后呈透明的胶状物质。     

沸石/羧甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺复合型保水剂的制备

在沸石的存在下,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)进行接枝共聚反应,合成接枝纤维素/沸石复合保水剂.采用红外光谱表征复合保水剂的微观特征,研究纤维素与单体的配比、沸石添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度及单体质量比对吸水率的影响,测试复合材料的吸水速率和保水性.结果表明:当沸石、CMC、引发剂、交联剂用量分别占单体质量的20%、3%、0.7%、0.04%,AA与AM质量比为5,中和度为77%时,复合保水剂吸自来水倍率达434 g/g,对生理盐水溶液的吸水倍率达71 g/g.     

纤维素/AM/AA接枝高吸水树脂的反应机理及表征

研究了以硝酸铈铵为引发剂合成纤维素/AM/AA接枝高吸水树脂的接枝共聚机理,其机理为自由基接枝共聚机理,包括链引发、链增长、键终止和氧化过程。通过IR谱实验特征谱的出现表明丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸已接枝到纤维素上。采用溴化法对接枝效率进行了测定,结果表明以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,高吸水树脂的接枝效率为76%。     

分步法合成SA-IP-P(AA/AM)互穿网络高吸水性树脂及其性能研究

以淀粉接枝丙烯酸共聚物SA为互穿物,以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为聚合单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,采用(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3氧化还原引发体系,通过分步法制备SA-IP-P(AA/AM)互穿网络高吸水性树脂。其适宜反应条件为:w(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸)=0.4;丙烯酸中和度85%;引发剂用量0.32%;交联剂用量0.035%;SA用量8%.在此条件下合成的SA-IP-P(AA/AM)树脂吸去离子倍率和吸0.9%NaCl盐水倍率分别可达到1 480 g.g-1和120 g.g-1.通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射等测试研究了产物中互穿聚合物网络结构,结果显示在保持已有树脂优良性能的基础上,进一步改善了高吸水树脂的保水性能、耐盐性和对环境中水分的应答性.     

淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂的制备与性能

文章以淀粉(starch, St)、丙烯酸(acrylic acid, AA)和丙烯酰胺(acrylamide, AM)为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂。通过正交试验优化制备高吸水性树脂的工艺条件,采用单因素法研究单体AA与AM摩尔比对高吸水性树脂结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明,制备St-g-AA-AM高吸水性树脂的优化工艺条件如下:淀粉质量为2 g,单体与淀粉质量比为8∶1,过硫酸铵和N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺用量分别为淀粉用量的2%和0.5%,AA与AM摩尔比为16∶6,AA中和度为85%,此条件下制备的树脂吸水倍率为1 089.65 g/g。微观表征证实,AA和AM成功地接枝到淀粉上。     

工艺因素对XG-AM接枝共聚型吸水树脂性能的影响

以APS为引发剂,MBAA为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法,制备了XG-AM接枝共聚耐盐型高吸水性树脂.分别研究了丙烯酰胺用量、碱用量、聚合温度、交联剂和引发剂用量等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响.采用红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪对树脂进行了表征和测试.结果表明:黄原胶与丙烯酰胺发生了接枝聚合反应,当m(AM)/m(XG)为6∶1,m(NaOH)/m(AM)为1∶1,聚合温度为60℃,m(MBAA)/m(AM)为0.04∶1,m(APS)/m(AM)为0.07∶1时,树脂对去离子水的吸收倍率可达1 240 g.g-1,对0.9%NaCl溶液的吸收倍率达到235 g.g-1.     

改性羧甲基纤维素/SiO2杂化材料结构与性能

丙烯酰胺(AM)与丙烯酸(AA)对羧甲基纤维素(CMC)进行接枝改性,并将其与硅溶胶进行原位杂化制得高吸水性材料.通过红外(FTIR)与扫描电镜(SEM)表征其结构,用TGA分析硅溶胶用量变化对材料热性能的影响.同时,研究硅溶胶用量的变化对吸水性能的影响.     

一种耐盐保水剂的制备及其性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为氧化还原引发剂,乙二胺四乙酸为螯合添加剂,丙烯酰胺和部分中和的丙烯酸为单体,制成用于荒漠化防治的交联型耐盐高吸水树脂,研究了交联剂、螯合剂、氧化还原引发剂及中和度等对该高吸水树脂的吸水性和吸盐性的影响。结果表明:使用EDTA作为螯合添加剂,树脂的吸收率有明显提高,吸水(自来水)率和吸盐率分别达到900 g/g和190 g/g以上;改变交联剂、氧化-还原引发剂用量能提高树脂的吸盐性;中和度对树脂的吸水性有一定影响,但对吸盐性没有明显影响。     

羧甲基纤维素-丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

采用氧化还原引发体系,以羧甲基纤维素和丙烯酰胺为原料,接枝共聚制得吸水树脂.研究了单体比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、NaOH用量、反应温度等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响.当反应温度40℃,时间3 h,丙烯酰胺与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为8:1,引发剂和交联剂用量分别为单体质量的2%和0.4%,NaOH用量1.0 g时,可制得吸水倍率为513 g/g的吸水树脂.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.