PdCo/C氧还原催化剂及其抗甲醇性能(英文)

以柠檬酸钠为络合剂,在乙二醇体系中采用有机溶胶法制备出了PdCo/C催化剂,XRD研究结果表明催化剂具有面心立方结构,粒度小,分散性好,同时元素钴的加入使催化剂的Pd-Pd间距缩小。采用电化学方法评价了催化剂对于氧气还原反应的活性,结果表明:PdCo/C催化剂具有比Pd/C要好的氧还原活性,同时具有Pt/C催化剂无法比拟的抗甲醇中毒能力。     

Pt／C电催化剂碳载体热处理条件和性能研究

采用浸溃还原法，优化碳载体热处理条件，制备出具有高分散性、平均粒径为3．3nm的Pt／C电催化剂．通过TEM、XRD方法对催化剂进行结构表征；利用Pt／C薄膜电极结合CV法评价了电催化剂的性能，测试结果表明，采用Vulcan XC-72碳黑，在600℃下、氮气(或氩气)中进行热处理，所制得的Pt／C电催化剂对氧还原反应具有良好的电催化活性。     

烷基苯酚加氢制烷基环己醇的Pd/C催化剂的制备

改进了用于垸基苯酚加氢制备烷基环己醇(酮)的Pd／C催化剂的制备方法，考察了影响催化剂活性的主要因素，研究了Pd／C催化刺的再生方法．结果表明，以大孔径活性炭为载体，活性组分和助剂用浸渍法负载，以K2CO3为水解沉淀剂，HCHO和CH3OH混合溶液为还原剂，液相还原，水解还原一步进行，可以制备出高活性的用于烷基苯酚加氢制烷基环已醇(酮)的Pd／C催化剂；失活的Pd／C催化剂经乙酸处理，二氧化碳吹扫．氢气还原，可恢复原催化剂活性的77％．     

预沉淀法制备直接甲醇燃料电池的Pt-Fe/C阴极催化剂

用预沉淀法制备了炭载Pt—Fe（Pt—Fe／C）和炭载Pt（Pt／C）催化剂．发现Pt—Fe／C催化剂对氧还原的电催化活性比Pt／C催化剂高，但对甲醇氧化的电催化活性比Pt／C催化剂差．即使在电解液中有甲醇存在时，Pt—Fe／C催化剂对氧还原的电催化活性仍比Pt／C催化剂高．所以，Pt—Fe／C催化剂适合于用作直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）中的阴极催化剂．     

炭负载Co-Mo催化剂的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能研究

利用X射线衍射及程序升温还原技术，对等体积浸渍法制备的Co-Mo/AC催化剂进行了表征。采用高压微反装置、以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，在一定的温度和空速下对催化剂进行了加氢脱硫活性评价。X射线衍射表征结果表明，柱状活性炭具有良好的担载催化剂活性组分的能力，活性组分在载体表面能很好地分散，因而只检测到部分活性组分很弱的衍射峰。在120℃和260℃条件下处理的催化剂表面物种主要是MoO3，没有发现含Co的物种和CoMoO复合氧化物的衍射峰；500℃焙烧处理的催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO2。程序升温还原表征结果表明，Co-Mo／AC催化剂表面物种的还原温度低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂。加氢脱硫活性评价结果表明，催化剂的还原特性和加氢脱硫活性有一定的对应关系。在Co-Mo/AC体系中，Co与Mo原子比为0．7的催化剂的加氢脱硫活性高于γ-Al2O3负载的Co-Mo催化剂；而Co与Mo原子比为0.2，0．35和0．5的Co-Mo／AC催化剂的加氢脱硫活性却低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂。     

制备方法对钯碳催化剂表面性质及其加氢性能影响

采用浸渍法制备Pd/C催化剂,考察了浸渍方法、还原方法和条件对催化剂活性的影响,用XRD及XPS对催化剂进行表征,并用对苯二甲酸加氢精制体系进行活性评价,与工业上使用的进口Pd/C催化剂进行比较.结果表明：采用EDTA处理载体后,再分2次浸渍PdCl2溶液制备的0.5%Pd/C催化剂,表面Pd的摩尔分数可达8%以上,但对催化剂活性影响不显著;还原温度过高会使H2还原法制备出的催化剂中Pd晶粒变大,导致催化剂活性降低;采用甲酸钠还原和250℃下H2还原方法有利于提高催化剂活性.     

羰基簇合物途径制备的碳载Pt-Co催化剂阴极抗甲醇性能

通过Pt和Co羰基簇合物途径制备了碳载Pt—Co(Pt-Co／C)复合催化剂．其金属粒子的平均粒径小．相对结晶度很低．与商业化的E-TEK Pt／C催化剂相比,该催化剂具有较好的抗甲醇性能和电催化氧还原活性．     

硝基苯气相加氢催化剂Cu／SiO2的改性研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了不同配比的Cu-Cr／SiO2催化剂，采用程序升温（TPR）结合X射线衍射（XRD）手段考察了Cu—Cr／SiO2催化剂中CuO的还原行为，并对其催化活性进行了评价。结果表明，助剂Cr2O3的加入使催化荆在还原时提高了Cu微晶的分散度，阻止了新生铜微晶的迁移及烧结，使催化剂的活性及稳定性增大。当Cu／Cr质量比为6：4时，硝基苯加氢转化率及选择性最高。     

催化剂制备方法对催化活性的影响

采用浸渍-还原和浸渍-焙烧-还原两种方法制备了Fe／TiO2和Ni／MgO／Al2O3催化剂,分别比较了它们在CO2加氢制低碳烃、CO2与CH4重整制合成气反应中的催化活性,结果表明：与浸渍-焙烧-还原相比,浸渍-还原制备的催化剂显示出更好的催化活性,基于对催化剂表面结构的认识,提出催化剂还原过程的表面结构模型,并解释了制备方法对催化剂反应活性的影响长质。     

焙烧温度对Ni／γ—Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

利用程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）、Ｘ射线衍射仪和固定床微反装置等对不同温度下焙烧的Ｎｉ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂活性组分镍晶粒的粒度、镍的 的性能以及催化剂的活性和稳定性有很大影响。当焙烧温度的范围为７００￣９００℃时,催化剂具有良好的活性和水热稳定性。在６００℃下焙烧的催化剂极易被还原,催化剂初活性较好,但水热稳定性很差。在１０００℃下焙烧的催化剂很难被还原     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.