新型纳米纤维膜对地下水中重金属的过滤去除研究

采用扫描电镜表征了氯化聚氯乙烯静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的微观结构特征,并进行了去除地下水中铜、铅、镉等重金属阳离子的过滤试验,包括直接过滤、加土壤过滤、加硅藻土过滤和胶束强化过滤。结果表明,最佳的过滤工艺是胶束强化过滤,其最佳试验条件是10层膜过滤和5mmol/L的SDBS浓度,对铜、铅、镉的去除率分别超过73%,82%和91%。     

玉米加工污水剩余污泥吸附铅和镉的影响因素

以玉米加工污水剩余活性污泥为吸附剂, 研究吸附时间、 温度、 pH值、 污泥投加量、 铅镉共存等因素对污泥吸附铅、 镉的影响. 结果表明, 玉米加工污水剩余污泥吸附铅、 镉是快速过程, 温度对吸附影响较小, 吸附的最佳pH=4~8, 铅和镉的吸附量随污泥投加量的增加而增加, 铅吸附最佳投泥量为0.5 g/L, 污泥吸附不同初始质量浓度镉的最佳污泥投加量不同, 为0.5~2 g/L; 在铅与镉共存的吸附体系中, 铅的存在对镉的吸附有抑制作用, 而镉的存在对铅的吸附几乎没有影响.     

二阶微分阳极溶出伏安法测定纯净水中痕量常见重金属

采用饱和NaCl作为支持电解液,二阶阳极溶出伏安法同时测定了纯净水中的铜、锌、铅和镉等4种痕量元素,在选定最佳实验条件下,通过标准加入法发现所述的元素的浓度在5～100μg／L的范围内与峰高成线性关系．用于纯净水的铜、锌、铅和镉分析,其相对标准偏差分别为3．5％、15％、4．2％和3．6％,而回收率分别为98％、106％、96％和93％,测定结果令人满意．     

黄原酯棉吸附金属离子性能及其应用的研究

本文系统研究了黄原酯棉对金属离子的吸咐性能，探讨了黄原酯棉对金属离子的吸附机理。通过吸附、洗脱、干扰离子试验，建立了黄原酯棉吸附富集原子吸收法测定痕量铜、铅、镉的新方法，用于天然水、自来水、饮料及盐类中痕量铜、铅、镉的测定。     

利用皂素溶液淋洗修复重金属污染土壤

通过室内模拟试验，采用振荡淋洗的方法研究了皂素溶液浓度、pH值、淋洗时间对重金属去除效果的影响。并通过一个一级反应动力学模型对试验数据进行了拟台，得到了两个重要的参数Ce（反应达到、F衡时重金属在液相中的浓度）和K（质量转移系数）。结果表明：皂素溶液在质量浓度为3％、pH值为5．0-55淋洗时间12h的条件下能达到对污染土壤重金属的最大去除率。去除率分别为Cd93．5％，Pb20．5％，Cu8．64％，Zn48．4％。模型拟合的结果表明：镉的质量转移系数最大，其次是锌，然后是铅，最后是铜。这一结果同时也说明了在土壤淋洗过程中，镉和锌最先达到质量转移的平衡状态，然后是铅和铜。     

利用ICP—AES法测定中药材中铅、镉、铜含量的研究

建立了利用ICP—AES测定中药材中重金属元素铅、镉、铜的轴向观测方法,对轴向观测和横向观测的精密度结果和样品测定结果进行了比较。结果表明,采用轴向观测方式测得Pb、cd、cu的检出限（Ct．）分别为3．1ng·mL^-1、0．4ng·mL^-1、1．7ng·mL^-1;相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5％;平均加标回收率分别为102．3％、101．8％、101．1％。轴向观测方式能满足中药材中铅镉铜的检测要求,横向观测方式不符合要求。     

火焰原子吸收法连续测定锑白中铜、铅、镉、铋、铁含量

改进国家标准制定的锑白(三氧化二锑)中铜、铅、镉、铋、铁含量的方法,利用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)连续测定铜、铅、镉、铋、铁含量。探讨了样品前处理、基体元素及共存元素的干扰情况、介质以及酸度的影响,确定了各元素分析最佳条件。试验结果表明,该方法能满足锑白中铜、铅、镉、铋、铁的连续测定。该方法的回收率:铜99.25%～108.75%,铅99.44%～105.34%,镉99.67%～102.23%,铋99.37%～105.73%,铁99.10%～112.50%;标准偏差:铜(4.22～5.16)×10~(-5),铅(9.45～9.65)×10~(-4),镉(7.38～7.41)×10~(-4),铋(5.68～7.07)×10~(-5),铁(1.14～1.25)×10~(-4);相对标准偏差:铜6.98%～8.78%,铅2.02%～2.64%,镉2.44%～3.22%,铋1.26%～1.63%,铁2.70%～3.14%。     

饮用水源突发性铜＋镉＋铊复合型污染应急处理试验研究

为应对可能出现的突发性铜＋镉＋铊复合型污染事件,模拟自来水厂常规工艺以及强化工艺对含有铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）和铊（Tl）的原水进行处理。结果表明,常规工艺对含Cu、Cd和Tl复合污染的原水去除效果有限;Cu的去除较Cd和Tl容易;投加高铁酸钾预处理对Cd和Tl有明显去除效果;Cu、Cd和Tl的去除率随pH的升高而提高。单因素实验和正交试验确定最佳去除方案为高铁酸钾投加1.25mg/L,pH为9.50,PAFC投加2.0mg/L,粉末活性炭投加20mg/L,在此条件下处理含铜4.84mg/L、镉14.10ug/L、铊0.325ug/L的原水,出水剩余铜、镉、铊的浓度分别低于1mg/L、0.005mg/L、0.1ug/L,都达到国家饮用水标准。     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定花生及饼粕中的微量元素

采用微波技术消解花生及饼粕样品,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中的铜、锌、铅、镉的含量.实验结果表明,花生及饼粕中,Zn、Cu含量比较丰富,几乎不含有Pb、Cd.以花生饼粕为例,详细研究最佳样品处理条件及最佳仪器工作条件,考察了方法的准确度和精密度.铜、锌、铅、镉的加标回收率分别为95.0%-98.7%、90.0%-94.7%、93.0%-98.8%,92.0%-97.8%,相对标准偏差分别为1.39%-2.28%、1.69%-2.87%、0.95%-2.01%,1.63%-2.39%,测定结果准确可靠.     

环境友好产品--过氧化钙的合成及其应用

通过加入新型稳定剂磷酸铵,研究了常温水相中合成过氧化钙的新工艺.讨论了原料配比、浓度、温度、时间、稳定剂加入量等因素对过氧化钙产率和纯度的影响,在最佳条件下合成的CaO2纯度大于65%.采用CaO2产品处理含铜、镉、铅、锌离子的工业废水,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定处理前后废水中铜、镉、铅、锌离子的浓度.结果表明,在室温下,过氧化钙用量与重金属离子摩尔比为2∶1时,处理60 min,处理过程不调节pH的条件下,含铜54.12 mg/L、镉36.58 mg/L、铅22.74 mg/L、锌30.10 mg/L的废水经一次处理后,铜、镉、铅、锌去除率均达到99.5%以上,且铜、镉、铅、锌浓度均达到国家一级水排放标准.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to