Ti-- Mg 复合脱氧和硫含量对钢中夹杂物特征及 MnS析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜/能谱仪表征了管线钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,考察了不同 Ti/ Mg 比的钢中夹杂物特征、硫含量及脱氧产物数量对 MnS 析出行为的影响,并进行了热力学计算.结果表明：Ti- Mg 脱氧钢中夹杂物以 MgO- Al2 O3-Ti2 O3、MgO- Ti2 O3或 MgO 为核心,表面包裹或局部析出 MnS,粒径小于1.3μm,数量为300~450 mm -2,形貌为圆形、多边形和方形;夹杂物中 Ti/ Mg 原子数比为0.05~0.2时,夹杂物细小且近圆形;随硫含量减少,凝固过程中 MnS 析出倾向减小, MnS 在夹杂物表面由包裹析出向局部析出转变,提高氧化物夹杂数量,有利于细小 MnS 的包裹或局部异质形核;Ti- Mg 复合脱氧产物细小、弥散,可作为 MnS 异质形核核心,可同时降低 MnS 及氧化物的危害.     

无取向硅钢中含镁夹杂物的形成机理分析

通过取样检测和热力学计算,分析了钢中含镁夹杂物的组成特点和形成机理。结果表明:钢中的氧化物主要是与MgS复合的2MgO獉SiO_2或MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2类夹杂,析出物主要为MgS、AlN;含MgS的复合夹杂物主要为1~2μm的球状夹杂,因为MgS抑制了MnS的析出,钢中不存在任何形式的MnS夹杂。MgS以包裹在球形氧化物表面、均匀镶嵌在球形夹杂物中、以氧化物为基体或与AlN复合定向析出并长大3种形式存在。热力学计算表明,钢中夹杂物的组成与钢中Mg含量及氧化物特征有关。MgS更容易与含MgO多、硫容量大的MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2类夹杂复合析出。MgS以氧化物为基体或与AlN复合定向析出形成的夹杂尺寸更大,其析出长大方式与MgS及夹杂物基体的晶体结构有关。合理控制精炼渣中MgO含量有利于形成含MgS的复合夹杂物,从而减少钢中微细MnS的析出,同时降低钢中MgO獉Al_2O_3的含量。     

低碳低硫钢中MnS析出行为分析

本文研究铝含量、硫含量、冷却速率等对低碳低硫钢中MnS夹杂物的成分、形貌和析出量的影响,并利用Scheil凝固方程及FactSage 6.1软件对MnS析出行为进行了理论计算。结果表明,冷却速率较低(5K/min)时,钢中夹杂物为双层结构,核心氧化物为Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,MnS在氧化物表面局部或包裹析出;冷却速率较高(900K/min)时,钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,高铝钢样中没有MnS析出,而低铝钢样中有极少量MnS析出;MnS在夹杂物上的析出率随着冷却速率的降低、钢中铝含量的减少(硫含量随之增加)而提高;复合氧化夹杂中的MnO+SiO2对MnS的析出影响较大,MnO+SiO2含量越高,MnS越容易在氧化物上析出;在低硫(w[S]0.0050%)条件下,MnS不能在液相中单独析出,但能在夹杂物上复合析出。     

铬硅锰氧化物夹杂诱发316L不锈钢点蚀行为研究

采用原位分析法及化学浸泡法并结合扫描电镜和能谱仪分析,对316L不锈钢中三种典型铬硅锰氧化物夹杂诱发不锈钢点蚀行为进行分析,并探究其腐蚀机理。结果表明,在质量分数为6%的FeCl_3溶液浸泡腐蚀下,316L不锈钢中三种典型铬硅锰氧化物夹杂耐蚀性从大到小的顺序依次为:单一贫铬相(w(Cr)15%)铬硅锰氧化物夹杂单一富铬相(w(Cr)15%)铬硅锰氧化物夹杂MnS与铬硅锰氧化物复合相夹杂;单一相夹杂诱发的点蚀是以小孔腐蚀的形式始发于夹杂物内部,其部位靠近夹杂与基体界面处;而对于MnS与铬硅锰氧化物复合相夹杂诱发的点蚀,首先是夹杂外层包裹的硫化物在较短时间内发生溶解,使得夹杂与基体交界处产生微缝隙,进而导致不锈钢点蚀的产生;铬硅锰氧化物夹杂中铬含量过高(w(Cr)15%)或过低(w(Cr)6%),均会降低不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能。     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

热装温度对无取向硅钢中夹杂物析出特性的影响

借助SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件,对不同热装温度下无取向硅钢铸坯中夹杂物的析出行为进行研究。结果表明,铸坯中MgS、AlN容易以硅酸铝、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁氧化物为核心析出,且复合夹杂物的形状与其中MgS和AlN的含量有关,当AlN含量较高时,复合夹杂呈六棱柱状,当MgS含量较高时,复合夹杂一般呈球形。铸坯中硫化物主要以MgS的形式存在,少量以CaS形式存在,但试验钢中未检测到MnS。随着铸坯热装温度的降低,复合夹杂中MgS组分的含量增加,夹杂物平均尺寸也会随之增加,但CaS析出会对MgS的析出起抑制作用,热装温度可通过影响复合夹杂中AlN、MgS的析出来调控夹杂物尺寸。本试验条件下,最合适的铸坯热装温度为700℃,此时钢中尺寸小于0.5μm的微细夹杂物的数量最少。     

非调质钢中钛脱氧产物析出行为

从氧化物冶金的观点从发,利用扫描电镜和图像分析仪研究了非调质钢加钛脱氧后钢液中夹杂物的形貌、组成和尺寸分布以及孕育时间对夹杂的影响,并考察了加钛前后钢的组织变化.结果表明:钛的脱氧产物都可成为硫化锰夹杂的形核核心;此类夹杂物呈细小弥散析出,适当的孕育时间可使夹杂细化;加钛后,钢的组织细化.     

不同脱氧程度锰钢耐点蚀性能比较

选择四种不同脱氧程度的锰钢,在pH 10的3%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化实验,比较钢的点蚀诱发敏感性;在3%(质量分数)海盐水中进行室内间浸挂片实验,评价钢的点蚀扩展速度;利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)分析了钢中夹杂物组成和腐蚀形貌.结果表明,随着脱氧程度的加强,钢中的硫化物夹杂由短棒状变为长条状.脱氧程度越差,钢基体热力学稳定性越强,钢的点蚀诱发敏感性也越弱.室内间浸挂片实验结果表明,脱氧程度较强的锰钢表现出更强的点蚀扩展能力.     

铝含量对TWIP钢中夹杂物特征及AlN析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪以及扫描电镜配置的夹杂物自动扫描统计软件(INCAFeature)表征了Fe-Mn-C(-Al)系TWIP钢中夹杂物的成分、形貌和数量,考察了Al质量分数在0.002%~1.590%的四种TWIP钢中夹杂物的特征和Al含量对AlN析出行为的影响.并在此基础上,采用了适合TWIP钢中高锰高铝特点的热力学参数对AlN夹杂物进行了系统的热力学分析.研究表明,在含有相似N质量分数(0.0078%~0.0100%)的TWIP钢中,当钢中Al质量分数升高至0.75%时,AlN夹杂物开始在钢中析出,并在MnS(Se)-Al2O3上局部析出形成MnS(Se)-Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂;当Al质量分数升高至1.07%时,热力学计算表明AlN已经可以在TWIP钢液相中形成,经不断长大后在MnS(Se)夹杂物表面局部析出形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物;在Al质量分数为1.59%的TWIP钢中,AlN的平衡析出温度比其液相线温度高出42 ℃,在液相中形成的AlN可以作为异质核心,MnS(Se)夹杂在其表面包裹形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物.另外,在Fe-18.21%Mn-0.64%C-1.59%Al体系的TWIP钢中,AlN在液相中析出所需的最低氮的质量分数仅为0.0043%.因此,在TWIP钢的冶炼过程中,应尽可能的降低钢中的氮含量,避免生成过量的AlN夹杂.     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制

为了探讨钢中细小夹杂物的形成机制,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,理论计算了脱氧产物的生成优势区图,讨论了夹杂物长大的影响因素.钢中夹杂物的组成以MgO-A12 O3-TiOx为核心,表面包裹析出MnS,钢液中未发现单独的Al2O3和TiOx夹杂;夹杂物的形貌为近球形,平均尺寸为1μm左右,数量在1000 mm-2以上.镁含量较高的钢中含有少量以MgO-Al2O3和MgO为核心的夹杂物,不利于夹杂物的球形化,镁含量宜控制在50×10-6以下.镁的脱氧能力强,形核临界尺寸小、形核数量多以及钢液中镁、铝和钛复合脱氧的高熔点产物的特性有效地控制了钢中夹杂物的扩散与碰撞长大趋势.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.