PEG改性Bi-PbO_2电极对茜素绿的电催化降解作用

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)改性Bi-PbO2电极电催化氧化茜素绿(AG)模拟染料废水,研究初始质量浓度、电流密度和pH值对降解率的影响.结果表明:高电流密度有利于提高降解率,但可能导致较大的能源浪费;高初始质量浓度有利于提高电流利用率;而pH值不是降解率的主要影响因素.利用红外光谱对AG的氧化过程进行研究,表明AG的氧化主要依靠电解产生的·OH,氧化过程经历了苯环开环、断链,并进一步被氧化为CO2和H2O等小分子化合物.化学动力学研究表明,电催化氧化AG过程符合一级反应动力学规律.     

电催化氧化法降解苯胺及其动力学研究

以自制PdOx-RuO2y/Ti电极为阳极,钛板为阴极,研究电催化氧化处理苯胺废水.探讨了电解质浓度、电流密度以及苯胺初始浓度对处理效果的影响.苯胺的降解速率主要取决于电流密度和电解质浓度,随两者的增加均增大;苯胺的初始浓度增大,其降解速率下降,但去除总量随之增加.动力学研究表明,苯胺的电催化氧化过程符合一级反应动力学.采用线性回归方法,确定反应速率常数分别与电流密度的0.712次方、电解质浓度的0.228次方、苯胺初始浓度的-1.147次方成线性关系.     

电化学生成H2O2 - T iO2 /UV降解碱性品红研究

用电化学方式持续向TiO2/UV光催化体系中供给H2O2,以促进有机污染物的光催化降解.以碱性品红为模型有机污染物,研究了其在电化学生成H2O2-TiO2/UV体系中的降解,研究结果表明:碱性条件下碱性品红降解最快,酸性其次,中性最慢;在5.0~10.0 mA.cm-2的范围内,碱性品红降解率随电流密度的增大而明显升高,而当电流密度进一步增大时碱性品红的降解率并没有明显的增强;溶液中PO43-、SO42-对碱性品红的降解有抑制作用,而C l-则会促进碱性品红降解;电化学生成H2O2-TiO2/UV对碱性品红的降解率和COD去除率分别高于单一的电化学生成H2O2氧化、TiO2/UV光催化氧化的降解率和COD去除率之和,这表明电化学生成H2O2、TiO2/UV在对碱性品红的降解和COD去除上存在协同效应;碱性品红的降解及COD去除均符合一级动力学过程,其降解及COD去除的速率常数分别为3.109×10-2m in-1和1.033×10-2m in-1.     

电催化氧化降解活性红紫X-2R染料废水的研究

采用复极性三维三相电极反应装置对活性红紫X-2R染料进行了电催化氧化降解试验,分析了外加电压、主电极极间距、电流密度、初始pH值、曝气量等因素对降解效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:外加电压30 V,电流密度28 mA/cm2,主电极极间距5 cm,初始pH值6,曝气量3 L/min,初始质量浓度为400 mg/L的染料废水经50 min电催化氧化后,脱色率与COD的去除率分别达99.1%和93.5%.     

电催化氧化降解活性红紫X-2R染料废水的研究

采用复极性三维三相电极反应装置对活性红紫X-2R染料进行了电催化氧化降解试验,分析了外加电压、主电极极间距、电流密度、初始pH值、曝气量等因素对降解效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：外加电压30 V,电流密度28 mA/cm2,主电极极间距5 cm,初始pH值6,曝气量3 L/min,初始质量浓度为400 mg/L的染料废水经50 min电催化氧化后,脱色率与COD的去除率分别达99.1%和93.5%.     

基于电解法的模拟船舶柴油机废气脱硝实验研究

采用离子膜电解槽电解NaCl溶液,研究制备阳极酸性氧化溶液及其对模拟烟气中NO的脱除效果。分别研究了电流密度、电解时间、Na Cl浓度等因素对阳极酸性氧化溶液理化性能(TOS浓度、pH)的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度、电解时间、NaCl浓度的增加,阳极酸性氧化溶液中TOS浓度近乎呈线性增加。但随着电解时间增加,pH却迅速降低,并趋于稳定(1.5~2)。随着阳极酸性氧化溶液中TOS浓度的增加,NO脱除率明显提高;当TOS浓度为700 mg·L~(-1)时,NO脱除率达到50.4%。随着阳极氧化溶液初始pH的降低,NO脱除率明显增加,当pH为6时,NO脱除率为38%。     

光催化氧化间接电氧化结合降解碱性品红研究

研究用UV/TiO2悬浮液光催化氧化和间接电氧化相结合的方法降解一种模型有机污染物——碱性品红．在TiO2悬浮液中引入间接电氧化技术，在紫外光照的同时，利用电化学反应分别在阴阳极上生成H2O2和HClO．一方面它们可以作为氧化剂直接氧化有机物，另一方面它们可以用做电子受体去提高光催化效率．比较了光电结合催化和单一光催化的降解效果，考察了NaCl浓度、电解电流密度、pH值对光电结合催化降解效果的影响．实验结果表明：光电结合催化比单一光催化降解效果有了明显的提高；NaCl浓度对光电结合催化降解效果没有明显的影响；增加电解电流密度对光电结合催化降解有促进作用；碱性条件下降解效果优于酸、中性条件。     

电催化氧化技术中传质系数的测试与验证

为通过电催化氧化体系中的极限电流密度(j_(lim))确定电催化氧化过程的传质/传荷界限,分别采用传统测试方法铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾体系和反向推导法,评价了两种方法用于测定电催化体系传质系数(k_m)以确定j_(lim)的适用性。通过对酸性红G和愈创木酚的电催化降解实验对传统测试方法进行了验证,测定了不同本体溶液浓度下同一体系k_m;通过对愈创木酚的电催化氧化降解结果进行反向推导,考察了不同电流密度下同一体系的k_m,分析了传质和传荷两种控制阶段下的电解效果和能耗。实验结果表明:使用传统测试方法测定同一体系k_m,其测定结果受本体溶液浓度影响较大;反向推导法相比传统方法更适于测定电催化体系k_m以确定j_(lim);施加不同电流密度,同一体系k_m差异较大,对应j_(lim)无法定量确定;当传荷控制阶段电流密度为50 A/m~2时电解愈创木酚,5 h内能耗为0.018 kW·h/g,远低于传质控制阶段500 A/m~2时的能耗0.135 kW·h/g,但是电解速率较低,愈创木酚的降解需要更长的电解时间。动态电流调控机制可改善长电解时间和高能耗两大缺陷,为电催化氧化技术的进一步工程应用提供参考。     

Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2电极电催化氧化处理苯酚废水

采用电催化氧化法,以自制Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2电极为阳极,在室温条件下对苯酚模拟废水进行降解研究,探讨电流密度、电极间距、pH值及苯酚初始质量浓度对苯酚降解效率的影响规律.结果表明,在电流密度为600 A·m-2,电极间距为1.0 cm,pH值为3,苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg·L-1的条件下,苯酚降解效率达92%以上.紫外光谱等实验结果表明,苯酚在氧化降解过程中会产生苯醌等中间产物,苯酚及其中间产物最终被矿化为CO2和H2O.     

高铁酸钾氧化降解卡马西平实验研究

以高铁酸钾作为氧化剂对卡马西平(CBZ)进行氧化降解，分别考察了高铁酸钾投加量、CBZ初始浓度、温度和pH对高铁酸钾降解CBZ的影响，并进行了反应动力学计算.采用响应面法拟合了高铁酸钾对CBZ降解率与反应条件之间的回归方程.实验结果表明，高铁酸钾降解CBZ的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.增加高铁酸钾浓度可以有效提高CBZ降解率.提高CBZ初始浓度增加了氧化降解的CBZ总量，但降低了CBZ降解率.升高温度促进CBZ降解.pH是高铁酸钾降解CBZ的关键因素，pH低于7.0时CBZ降解的初始反应速率较高，但降解率比较低；pH高于7.0时CBZ降解的初始反应速率低，但降解率比较高.高铁酸钾降解CBZ的主要反应途径为高铁酸根对烯烃双键的氧化.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.