红麻全杆制浆工艺的探讨

红麻kenaf(学名HibiscusCannabinnsL),又名洋麻、野麻、槿麻等,属双子叶植物纲锦葵科木槿属植物[4]。过去红麻作为造纸纤维原料没有能够引起人们的足够重视。近年来,随着世界范围的木材产量大幅度减少和纸的品种范围扩大,木材制浆,特别是针叶木制浆巳远远不能满足日益增长的造纸工业需求,红麻作为一种潜在的制浆造纸原料已越来越引起人们的广泛重视。美国、日本、巴西、印度等国在开发和研究红麻全杆制浆造纸方面做了大量工作。所谓全杆麻,是指韧皮部和木质(芯)部未经分离的麻类原料的全部[4]。研究结果表明,除撕裂度外,红麻硫酸盐桨几乎可以和针叶木硫酸盐浆媲美,很多方面甚至好于阔叶木硫酸盐浆,是一种具有广阔发展前景的制浆造纸原料。     

用阔叶材生产纸浆和回收木糖的研究——Ⅱ.柠檬桉木片稀硫酸预水解最佳工艺条件和硫酸盐制浆

<正>本文研究了稀硫酸预水解过程中不同硫酸浓度、温度和水解时间对柠檬桉木片中半纤维素溶出情况的影响,并用回归方程对此作了计算。根据试验结果和回归分析,得出柠檬桉木片稀硫酸预水解的最佳工艺条件是:液体对木片比率4:1,硫酸浓度0.2％,最高温度135℃,反应时间2小时。在此条件下,酸预水解液中固形物含量为3—4％,木糖约占总糖量的90％。预水解后木片经硫酸盐蒸煮,氯化-碱抽提—次氯酸钠漂白—酸处理制得的漂白浆,其得率为32.80％。对漂白浆中α-纤维素,聚戊糖,灰分、铁质含量以及纸浆反应性能的测定结果证明,所制浆料完全适合于生产人造丝和纤维素衍生物。     

丙烯酸改性黏胶纤维及其吸水性研究

为提高黏胶纤维的吸水性,以硝酸铈铵(CAN)硝酸溶液为引发剂、丙烯酸(AA)为亲水单体、去离子水为溶剂,采用自由基聚合法进行黏胶纤维的接枝共聚反应。利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对接枝黏胶纤维的结构进行研究,同时探讨了接枝共聚反应条件对改性黏胶纤维接枝率和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,黏胶纤维表面成功接枝上聚丙烯酸,且当硝酸铈铵、硝酸、丙烯酸的质量分数分别为10%、1.0%、2.0%,反应温度为60℃时,改性黏胶纤维的接枝率和吸水倍率达到最大值。     

Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀规律的研究

研究了 Lyocell纤维在 Na OH溶液中膨胀的规律 .发现在 1 1 %左右浓度的Na OH溶液中 ,Lyocell纤维的径向膨胀率最大 .揭示了 Lyocell纤维经 Na OH溶液反复膨胀处理后呈现的一些特点 ,并结合 Lyocell纤维的结构特点对这一现象给以初步的解释 .     

Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀规律的研究

研究了Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀的规律.发现在11%左右浓度的NaOH溶液中,Lyocell纤维的径向膨胀率最大.揭示了Lyocell纤维经NaOH溶液反复膨胀处理后呈现的一些特点,并结合Lyocell纤维的结构特点对这一现象给以初步的解释.     

高比例粘胶短纤维与羊毛混纺

本文对使用高比例粘胶短纤维与羊毛混纺制做粗纺呢绒,从原料选配、纺、织及染整工艺技术方面做了一些探讨,提高了产品的实物质量和毛型感。对节省羊毛原料,多使用化学纤堆,降低产品成本有一定意义。     

Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of Sericin Protein Absorption onto Anion-Exchangable Fibers

Silk is made of sericin and fibroin proteins.The sericin constitutes 20%-30% of silk proteins and it covers the fibroin.Sericin is usually treated as impurity and removed during the process of degumming in dyeing and printing factories.However,sericin is a useful natural protein.In this paper,viscose anion-exchange fibers have been used to absorb sericin from waste water.The amount of adsorbed sericin into the viscose anion-exchange fibers at different temperatures and times has been studied.The study show ...     

芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕增强制备高性能氯丁橡胶复合材料

对芳纶短纤维和芳纶浆粕进行微观结构表征和热失重分析,系统地研究了芳纶短纤维和芳纶浆粕对橡胶复合材料基本物理性能、动态力学性能和动刚度的影响。结果表明,芳纶短纤维为巨原纤模型;芳纶浆粕为微纤模型,呈羽绒状。芳纶短纤维在500 ℃降解,650 ℃左右降解基本完全;芳纶浆粕在350 ℃左右开始降解,500 ℃左右迅速降解,直到650 ℃左右降解基本完全。芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕增强制备的氯丁橡胶复合材料的撕裂强度、拉断伸长率、屈挠性能随着芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕并用比值减小而提高,但其动刚度减小。动态力学性能表明芳纶短纤维与芳纶浆粕并用比为10:10时,有相对较高的储能模量,较低的损耗模量和损耗因子,动态疲劳性能较好。     

A NEW FAST-GROWING RAW MATERIAL FOR PULP PAPERMAKING-GUANGYECHU

A new pulp papermaking raw material, Guangyechu,is introduced in this paper, including material characteristics and ultilization of bast, wood pole and leaf. The fiber morphological characteristics,chemical composition of wood pole and feasibility of pulping and papermaking by APMP process are studied in the laboratory. The results show that wood pole can be put to use in papermaking industry. The APMP pulp is produced using 5.2% sodium hydroxide and 5.0% hydrogen peroxide. The novel technology has offered breaking length of 4.74km,tearing index 3.08mN @m2 @g-1, brightness of 71.6%ISO, bursting index 2.07 KPa@m2@ g-1, opacity 84.5%and yield of 75.7%. As a pulp for newsprint, offset point paper and information paper, the Guangyechu APMP shows its advantages both quality and cost-efficienty. It is significative to apply the pole of Guangyechu, which is only firing at present to the paper industry.     

稻秸/木材密度纤维板的复合工艺及其性能

分析了稻秸木材复合工艺配比及防水剂的添加量(0.8%、1.2%、1.6%、2.0%)对稻秸木材复合中密度纤维板性能的影响。结果表明:采用稻秸与木材原料分别进行纤维分离,再混合后施胶的复合工艺,当草木配比为1∶1,防水剂加量为1.2%,脲醛树脂胶粘剂的施胶量为12%时,生产出的稻秸/木材中密度纤维板,除吸水厚度膨胀率外,各项性能均能达到中密度纤维板标准要求。     

意大利杨纤维形态和化学组成的研究

<正>用投影显微镜测定了意大利杨木(I—214、I—72、I—63、I—69)的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚和腔宽,其结果为:纤维长度1040—1130微米,宽度22—24微米,长宽比45—47,壁厚2.38—3.06微米,腔宽10.92—13.88微米,壁腔比0.37—0.49。分析了四种意大利杨木的化学组成,其结果为:灰分0.52—1.03％,热水抽出物2.14—3.45％,苯-醇抽出物1.84—2.24％,1％氢氧化钠抽出物17.84—21.88％,木素22.37—23.40％,酸溶木素1.72—2.38％,综纤维素77.35—80.62％和戊聚糖24.48—27.17％。 从纤维形态看,意大利杨木纤维较短,但是纤维的长宽比较大和壁腔比较小,从化学组成看,意大利杨木的综纤维素含量较高,木素含量较低,蒸煮时碱消耗低,生产化学浆的得率较高,得到的纸浆易漂白。因此,意大利杨木是制浆造纸较好的原料。     

不同木材种类炭化率的研究

根据木材本身的材性缺陷和木材加工厂的废料存量情况,选择了岑树、山毛榉、花旗松、橡木、白杨和云杉作为研究对象,研究了这些木材在实验室热解条件下炭产品的生产能力.在390～672 ℃范围内,共做28次分组热解试验,试验时间为2 h,每组10个试件;390～440 ℃范围内,共做8次分组热解试验,试验时间为1 h,每组10个试件.分别测试了试件在热解试验前后的质量损失和体积的变化,特别是试件在热解实验后的炭化率.结果表明:所有树种的试件在500℃时完全炭化,试件的相对质量损失约为25%,试件的三维收缩约为30%(T)、25%(R)、20%(L).不同树种试件的炭化率是相同的,木材的炭化率和树种无关,木材热解炭化后的理论孔隙率经验公式为ε=100-30ρ01,通过此公式可研究木材的初始干燥密度预测其生产炭产品的性能.     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Polynosic Fiber Treated by Alkali

The regenerated cellulose fibers, made from wood pulp, have excellent physical properties like cotton fiber. Especially polynosic fibers can be mercerized by alkali, but conventional Viscose fiber can not be treated or mercerized by alkali. The paper studies on behavior of polynosic fibers treated by alkali, including physical properties, such as weight loss, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber structures properties. In this paper, on the basis of study on polynosic fibers treated by alkali, the conclusions were drawn as following. Firstly, polynosic fiber is good at alkali resistance. Secondly, the changes of fiber structure and physical properties begin declining at 5 wt% NaOH concentration and reverse changes take place at 10 wt%.     

IMPACT OF COOKING HOMOGENEITY ON PULP STRENGTH PROPERTIES

Cooking homogeneity of kraft pulping can have significant impact on pulp strength properties. We have studied cooking homogeneity of two kraft digesters within Stora Enso. One of the digesters is a one-vessel hydraulic continuous digester (digester A)and the other one is a two-vessel vapor/liquor phase continuous digester (digester B). They are located in the same mill and use the same softwood chip quality. Due to the differences in chip pre-steaming and cooking facilities and conditions, significant differences in pulp strength properties, reject contents and kappa variations have been found between the pulps produced in the two digesters. Digester A has a modem chip bin with efficient pre-heating and air removal, whereas digester B has poor chip pre-steaming conditions. Our strength delivery studies show that although the two digesters produce pulps with the same kappa number and viscosity, the pulp produced in digester A has about 20% higher strength delivery, l%-unit (based on wood) lower reject content and lower kappa variations based on FTIR spectra analysis on pulp sheet than the pulp produced in digester B.Results of the studies indicate that more homogeneous cooking, i.e., lower lignin/kappa variation in the fibers, leads to improved pulp strength properties. Efficient chip pre-steaming is important/essential for achieving homogeneous cooking. Rebuilding the equipment for improving chip pre-steaming conditions of digester B is to be carried out.     

Treatment of Zn-Containing Acidic Waste Water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process

IntroductionThe concept of emulsion liquid membrane ( ELM)was suggested by Li in1 968[1] .In this technique,extraction and re- extraction are carried out in onesingle step with a large mass transferarea( 1 0 6m2 /m3 ) obtained within the emulsion drops.Theseadvantages attracted researchers with much ELMresearch carried out[2 4] since then. Industrialprocesses for treating acidic Zn- containing wastewater by EML have not been reported.Based onour laboratory experiments,we began to build ap…     

Comparison between the Direct Dyeing Kinetics of Bamboo and Conventional Viscose Fibers

Two direct dyes were applied to conventional viscose(CV)and bamboo viscose(BV)fibers,which were prepared from bamboo cellulose pulps,and the dyeing kinetics of two fibers were compared.Three kinetic equations,namely Chrastil,Cegarra-Puente,and Vickerstaff,were used to fit the experimental dyeing rate points,showing that the best result was obtained by the Chrastil equation.BV fibers displayed slightly higher dyeing rates and dye adsorption values at initial stages,but a bit lower dye adsorption values at eq...     

纸浆纤维对钙离子吸附行为及机理

以去金属离子处理后的漂白硫酸盐桉木浆及针叶木浆为原料,研究纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附动力学及影响吸附的因素。结果表明:Ca2+初始浓度较低时,漂白化学木浆对Ca2+的吸附能力随着Ca2+初始浓度的增加而快速提高。Ca2+初始浓度0.471 7 mmol/L时,阔叶木浆达到饱和吸附,吸附量为0.016 0 mmol/g;针叶木浆在Ca2+初始浓度为0.220 1 mmol/L时就达到饱和吸附,吸附量为0.008 4 mmol/g,吸附能力与针阔叶浆各自所带羧基量一致。在pH 7.5、温度25℃条件下,符合Langmuir方程等温吸附线,且纸浆对Ca2+的吸附为单分子吸附。Ca2+浓度和pH的升高将使纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附能力提高,阔叶木浆和针叶木浆中Ca2+加入量为0.035 6和0.016 5 mmol/g时,木浆达到饱和吸附。pH超过7,纸浆表面游离羧基将完全被Ca2+吸附;纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附属放热吸附,提高温度将会降低纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附量。     

4种竹材硫酸盐浆与马尾松木浆配抄纸袋纸和牛皮纸

对4种竹材硫酸盐浆与马尾松木浆配抄纸袋纸和牛皮纸进行了研究和比较。结果表明，慈竹最容易蒸煮而且纸浆得率和强度最高，桉竹次之，甜竹不如桉竹，麻竹最差。当竹浆配入量为20%时，慈竹浆和桉竹浆配抄的纸袋纸的强度比甜竹浆和麻竹浆配抄的纸袋纸高，其某些强度甚至比100%马尾松木浆抄造的纸袋纸还高；慈竹浆配抄的牛皮纸的各项强度较桉竹浆配抄的牛皮纸高，甚至超过100%马尾松木浆抄造的牛皮纸。     

射流喷网非织造布工艺技术的研究

本文研究了最新的非织造布加固技术——射流喷网工艺,其基本原理与针刺加固相似,采用高压水针替代机械针刺,纤网在水流直接和反弹的双重作用下,纤维缠结加固。实验表明:预水刺时,各注射器的水压能量须逐个提高,纤维的缠结效果好,并提出了原料、速度、压力、温度等关健技术参数。纤网定量降低,注射器数量增加,涤纶射流非织造布机械性能比棉纤维的好,纤维种类和强力对非织造布性能有较大的影响。随着纤网定量的增加,断裂强度,撕破强度和顶破强度增加。漂白棉射流非织造布手感比涤纶纤维差,射流法非织造布的撕裂强度曲线呈锯齿形。     

聚氧化乙烯助留和助滤性能的探讨

<正>聚氧化乙烯(Polyethlene oxide——简称PEO)是由环醚型的环氧乙烯在催化剂的作用下开环聚合而成的高分子物质,其通式是CH_2·CH_2O。它在水中的溶解性能随其分子量的大小而不同,一般来说,分子量越大,在水中的溶解性能越差。 聚氧化乙烯在造纸工业中的应用,国内已有一些工厂做了试验,取得了一定的成效,他们都是以分散纤维、防止纤维絮聚、提高成纸的均匀性为目的,故称之为分散剂。但普遍反映聚氧化乙烯的价格高,影响造纸厂产品的成本和利润,因此在一定程度上限制了它的使用范围。根据有关资料和我们的分析,认为聚氧化乙烯还是二种极好的助留剂和助滤剂。根据C·H·Tay等人的资料,聚氧化乙烯对纸料中细小粒子的留着作用,较聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)更大(图1)。如果我们能从实验中证实上述作用,那末对缓和聚氧化乙烯在应用中的成本和效果的矛盾,会起到一定的作用。 一、试验材料及方法