7流方坯连铸中间包结构优化

在实验室建立了7流中间包流体流动的物理模型,研究不同的控流装置组成的中间包结构对流体流动特性的影响.研究结果表明,采用原设计的导流隔墙,中间包的流体流动特性差,最小停留时间和峰值时间小,特别是第3,4流.各流的平均停留时间短,死区体积分数大于49%.中间包结构优化后,中间包流体流动特性得到很大改善,各流的停留时间分布曲线由尖窄形变成了宽矮形,最小停留时间在44.75～73.75s之间,平均停留时间延长,均在400s以上,死区体积分数显著降低,在14.45%～21.10%之间.多流中间包应有合适的冲击区体积,设计的控流装置应考虑中间包两端的控流作用.     

单流板坯连铸中间包结构优化

通过对单流板坯连铸中间包的水模实验,研究了不同控流装置对中间包流动特性的影响.研究结果表明,堰、坝的尺寸和位置与湍流控制器(TI)的结构对中间包流动特性影响很大,在该中间包内使用不带顶檐的湍流控制器效果好于带顶檐的湍流控制器.与原方案中间包结构相比,优化后的中间包的流体流动特性得到很大改善,最小停留时间和峰值时间分别从64s和81 s提高到了81 s和163 s,平均停留时间从237s延长到了314 s,死区体积分数从35%降低到了14%,降低了60%.     

两流中间包流场的物理模拟与结构优化

研究了坝、堰的结构和安装位置对55 t两流板坯连铸中间包内流体流动状态的影响,结合RTD曲线计算出的平均停留时间,确定了优化的中间包结构。研究表明:坝、堰组合之后可以改变流体的流动状态,延长流体运动的轨迹,提高流体的平均停留时间,但流体经过坝、堰后都存在一定体积的死区。采用坝1、堰1组合方案的中间包结构最佳,该方案的平均停留时间最长为299 s,死区体积分数最小为31.0%。优化控流参数后,在坝、堰间距为290 mm,堰到长水口间距为383 mm时,流体在中间包内的平均停留时间最长为351 s,死区体积分数最小为19.0%,比不加坝、堰的方案平均停留时间增加了65 s,死区体积分数减小了15.0%。由Newton公式计算表明,此优化方案的中间包去除夹杂物的临界直径为17.5μm,在351 s内夹杂物均能上浮去除。     

兴澄特钢中间包结构优化

以兴澄特钢连铸中间包为工程背景,根据相似原理建立了中间包水模型系统,研究了4流不同结构的中间包的流体流动特性.研究表明:原结构的中间包同一侧的两流之间的流体流动特性存在很大差异,与内侧流相比,外侧流的最小停留时间、峰值时间小,死区体积大,造成中间包内钢液温度不均匀,夹杂物不能有效地上浮去除,不能很好地满足高质量特钢生产的要求.采用优化后的挡墙和坝组合的中间包控流装置,外侧和内侧的停留时间分布趋于一致,表明外侧流和内侧流之间流动特性相近.中间包结构优化后平均死区百分数由原结构的58.2%降低到10.9%.     

钢包长水口形状对中间包内钢液流动特性的影响

通过物理模拟实验研究了在不同的中间包液位时使用喇叭形长水口和直通形长水口对单流板坯中间包内的流体流动特性的影响.实验结果表明:使用喇叭形长水口后的RTD曲线峰值较低,波动较小,流场较稳定,而且不存在短路流;使用喇叭形长水口后更有利于延长流体在中间包内的开始响应时间、平均停留时间和活塞流平均停留时间;中间包内的死区体积较小,活塞流体积较大,而且活塞流与死区体积的比值也更大.因此,在中间包液位上升时,使用喇叭形长水口后包内的流动模式组成更合理,这更有利于保证中间包内钢水的质量.     

中间包钢液流动行为的数值模拟及控流装置优化

针对某钢厂四流大方坯连铸过程中铸坯夹杂物含量较高、各流流动状态不一致等问题,本文提出了关于中间包内控流装置(坝高和导流孔结构)的改进方案,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了不同方案下中间包钢液的流场及停留时间分布(RTD)等特征。结果表明,与原型中间包相比,适当增加坝高及下层导流孔的上倾角度,有利于改善中间包钢液的流动特性,各流之间的均匀性明显提高,钢液在中间包内的停留时间有所延长,死区体积分数下降,有效减弱了中间包短路流,中间包冶金功能得到改善;控流装置最佳参数为:坝高300 mm,上层和下层导流孔角度分别为20°和45°,此时对应的钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间为210 s,死区体积分数仅为13.2%。     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳。     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验，发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短，死区体积大；合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性，可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳。     

Improvement of tundish shape and optimization of flow control devices for sequence casting heavy steel ingots

The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect:its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.     

Optimization of flow control devices in a single-strand slab continuous casting tundish

The optimization of flow control devices in a single-slab continuous casting tundish was carried out by physical modeling, and the optimized scheme was presented. With the optimal tundish configuration, the minimum residence time of liquid steel was increased by 1.4 times, the peak concentration time was increased by 97%, and the dead volume fraction was decreased by 72%. A mathematical model for molten steel in the tundish was established by using the fluid dynamics package Fluent. The velocity field, concentration field, and the residence time distribution (RTD) curves of molten steel flow before and after optimization were obtained. Experimental results showed that the reasonable configuration with flow control devices can improve the fluid flow characteristics in the tundish. The results of industrial application show that the nonmetallic inclusion area ratio in casting slabs is decreased by 32% with the optimal tundish configuration.     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments. It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. It dramatically increases the peak concentration time, and greatly decreases the dead volume, and reduces the minimum residence time. The gas blowing location, gas flow rate, and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle, smaller gas flow rate, and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics. Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish. Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation. Therefore, introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal, and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.     

电磁净化中间包传输特性的水模拟

为了得到电磁净化中间包中流体的流动及传输特性,以及旋转运动在中间包净化钢液中所起的作用,采用中间包物理模拟方法,对电磁净化中间包中不同控流装置配置和旋转速度下的停留时间分布曲线进行了测试,并对流场进行了显示实验.结果表明:电磁净化中间包圆形腔中的旋转运动能够减小中间包中滞留区分数,增加活塞区比例,同时增长平均停留时间,有利于中间包内夹杂物的去除;但旋转速度不是越高越好,存在一个最佳值.     

非对称两流中间包内流体流动的对称化

采用数值模拟和水模型实验相结合的方法研究了不同控流方案下非对称两流中间包内流体流动行为,并将优化方案进行了工业实验.实验结果表明:采用经典组合方法计算各流的死区时,出现负死区现象,因此采用平均停留时间作为评价参数;原方案中靠近长水口侧出口的平均停留时间为194s,水口两流之间的平均停留时间之差为97s,两流之间钢液温度差为5℃.利用非对称长方形湍流控制器可以实现钢液在湍流控制器出口处流量的非对称分布.采用非对称长方形湍流控制器和多孔挡墙后,近长水口侧出口的平均停留时间为211s,水口两流之间的平均停留时间之差为34s,两流之间钢液温度差为3℃.