连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

阻流器流控装置下中间包内的流场

通过物理和数学模拟研究了一种新型中间包流控制装置－阻流器对中间包内流场的影响。并通过同传统的单档墙，坝下中间包内流场的比较，得出阻流器可改变中间包内传统的流场。使钢液由长水口注入中间包后再返回自身，从而消除了中间包短流，发展了表面流，延长了滞止时间和平均停留时间，有利于中间包内夹杂物的去除。在较大的拉速下使用单档墙＋单坝＋阻流器的组合结构，效果更好，数学模型计算出的流场同水模型实验吻合较好。     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验，发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短，死区体积大；合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性，可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳。     

钢包长水口形状对中间包内钢液流动特性的影响

通过物理模拟实验研究了在不同的中间包液位时使用喇叭形长水口和直通形长水口对单流板坯中间包内的流体流动特性的影响.实验结果表明:使用喇叭形长水口后的RTD曲线峰值较低,波动较小,流场较稳定,而且不存在短路流;使用喇叭形长水口后更有利于延长流体在中间包内的开始响应时间、平均停留时间和活塞流平均停留时间;中间包内的死区体积较小,活塞流体积较大,而且活塞流与死区体积的比值也更大.因此,在中间包液位上升时,使用喇叭形长水口后包内的流动模式组成更合理,这更有利于保证中间包内钢水的质量.     

中间包钢液流动行为的数值模拟及控流装置优化

针对某钢厂四流大方坯连铸过程中铸坯夹杂物含量较高、各流流动状态不一致等问题,本文提出了关于中间包内控流装置(坝高和导流孔结构)的改进方案,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了不同方案下中间包钢液的流场及停留时间分布(RTD)等特征。结果表明,与原型中间包相比,适当增加坝高及下层导流孔的上倾角度,有利于改善中间包钢液的流动特性,各流之间的均匀性明显提高,钢液在中间包内的停留时间有所延长,死区体积分数下降,有效减弱了中间包短路流,中间包冶金功能得到改善;控流装置最佳参数为:坝高300 mm,上层和下层导流孔角度分别为20°和45°,此时对应的钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间为210 s,死区体积分数仅为13.2%。     

三流异型连铸中间包结构优化的数值模拟

根据西宁特殊钢股份有限公司三流异型连铸中间包的结构和操作参数,提出中间包结构的优化方案,应用ANSYS CFX数值模拟软件计算不同控流装置下中间包内的流场和温度场分布,并建立物理模型对数值模拟的结果进行验证,确定最佳的优化方案。结果表明,原型中间包内流场和温度场分布不均匀,3个水口最大温差达3.11K,导致各水口处铸坯质量存在差异;使用U形挡墙后,中间包内钢液的流动特性得以改善,其成分和温度分布更为均匀,3个水口的最大温差仅为0.20K。     

广钢高效连铸改造的中间包内型优化

广钢连铸中间包采用三流和入流非对称布置的结构,生产中钢水流动不稳定,温度不均匀,为改变这种状况,有必要对中间包进行结构改造．在中间包冷态和热态水模型上,安装纵向局部挡墙和带导流孔“Ｖ”型挡墙,研究中间包内钢水流动和温度分布情况．模拟试验结果表明：“Ｖ”形挡墙能显著改善钢水的流动,使各流钢水平均停留时间趋于均衡,温度差减少,中间包内死区减少．此外,作者还给出了推荐的中间包改造方案．     

兴澄特钢中间包结构优化

以兴澄特钢连铸中间包为工程背景,根据相似原理建立了中间包水模型系统,研究了4流不同结构的中间包的流体流动特性.研究表明:原结构的中间包同一侧的两流之间的流体流动特性存在很大差异,与内侧流相比,外侧流的最小停留时间、峰值时间小,死区体积大,造成中间包内钢液温度不均匀,夹杂物不能有效地上浮去除,不能很好地满足高质量特钢生产的要求.采用优化后的挡墙和坝组合的中间包控流装置,外侧和内侧的停留时间分布趋于一致,表明外侧流和内侧流之间流动特性相近.中间包结构优化后平均死区百分数由原结构的58.2%降低到10.9%.     

连铸中间包内部结构优化的数理模拟及冶金效果

通过中间包水模型实验和数值模拟对4流中间包两种控流装置下包内流场进行了模拟研究.结果表明:原中间包内由于形成了短路流使得钢液在中部水口的停留时间短,与边部水口的停留时间相差大.改进型中间包能均匀钢液在不同水口的停留时间,减小中间包的死区比例,提高夹杂物的去除率.工业实验表明与原中间包相比,使用改进型中间包铸坯中的大型夹杂物含量和显微夹杂物数量分别降低44.9%和2.7%.     

Optimization of flow control devices in a single-strand slab continuous casting tundish

The optimization of flow control devices in a single-slab continuous casting tundish was carried out by physical modeling, and the optimized scheme was presented. With the optimal tundish configuration, the minimum residence time of liquid steel was increased by 1.4 times, the peak concentration time was increased by 97%, and the dead volume fraction was decreased by 72%. A mathematical model for molten steel in the tundish was established by using the fluid dynamics package Fluent. The velocity field, concentration field, and the residence time distribution (RTD) curves of molten steel flow before and after optimization were obtained. Experimental results showed that the reasonable configuration with flow control devices can improve the fluid flow characteristics in the tundish. The results of industrial application show that the nonmetallic inclusion area ratio in casting slabs is decreased by 32% with the optimal tundish configuration.     

两流中间包流场的物理模拟与结构优化

研究了坝、堰的结构和安装位置对55 t两流板坯连铸中间包内流体流动状态的影响,结合RTD曲线计算出的平均停留时间,确定了优化的中间包结构。研究表明:坝、堰组合之后可以改变流体的流动状态,延长流体运动的轨迹,提高流体的平均停留时间,但流体经过坝、堰后都存在一定体积的死区。采用坝1、堰1组合方案的中间包结构最佳,该方案的平均停留时间最长为299 s,死区体积分数最小为31.0%。优化控流参数后,在坝、堰间距为290 mm,堰到长水口间距为383 mm时,流体在中间包内的平均停留时间最长为351 s,死区体积分数最小为19.0%,比不加坝、堰的方案平均停留时间增加了65 s,死区体积分数减小了15.0%。由Newton公式计算表明,此优化方案的中间包去除夹杂物的临界直径为17.5μm,在351 s内夹杂物均能上浮去除。     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments. It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. It dramatically increases the peak concentration time, and greatly decreases the dead volume, and reduces the minimum residence time. The gas blowing location, gas flow rate, and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle, smaller gas flow rate, and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics. Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish. Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation. Therefore, introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal, and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.     

Fluid Flow in Tundish Due to Different Type Arrangement of Weir and Dam

Tundish is an important metallurgical reactor in the continuous casting process. In order to control the fluid flow in tundish and thus take full advantage of the residencetime available for the removal of inclusions from molten steel, the effect of weir and dam on the fluid flow has been studied in a water model based on the characteristic number Froude and Reynold number similarity criteria. The residence time distribution curves of the flow were measured by SG800. The optimum arrangement of darn and weir and the nonstationary flow in tundish were discussed. The results show that the combination of weir and dam is benefit for the flow pattern in tundish, weir can prevent the upper recirculating flow, dam can cut off the bottom flow and turn to upwards, it is advantageous to separate the nonmetallic inclusions. Furthermore, it is important to exceed the critical depth of bath during exchange ladles, not only for the inclusion floatation but also for avoiding tundish slag drainage earlier.     

Fluid flow in large-capacity horizontal continuous casting tundishes

The configuration of the tundish for a two-strand horizontal continuous caster was designed and optimized through water modeling. Three designs of the tundish were studied: the original tundish without any flow control devices, the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor at the bottom, and the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam. The residence time, the location and size of the dead zone, and the fluid field pattern were investigated. At the same time, the asymmetry flow field and wavy inlet jet in the horizontal tundish were observed and the reasons for them were discussed. The results indicate that the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam is the best of the three designs.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand, the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow. This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish, and consequently, the mean residence time decreases. In the present study, numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model. To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish, the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied. The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time, and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish, namely, mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish. An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found, which yields best mixing inside the tundish. The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution (RTD) curves. The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish. The educational version of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.     

湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动的影响

采用水模拟试验研究湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动特性的影响。结果表明,拉速变化时单层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,双层湍流抑制器能延长包内钢液平均停留时间;液位变化时双层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,相同液位下双层湍流抑制器使钢液在中间包内平均停留时间较之于单层湍抑器相应值至少增加20s;3种湍流抑制器对中间包流场的改善程度从大到小排序为:双层湍流抑制器,八角形湍流抑制器,单层湍流抑制器。     

40t 单流中间包控流装置的优化配置

采用水模型和工业验证的方法针对40 t 单流中间包的控流装置进行优化配置研究.通过对单独湍流抑制器控流装置、湍流抑制器+下挡墙组合控流装置、湍流抑制器+下挡墙+上挡墙组合控流装置的研究表明,下挡墙在改善钢液流动形态和减少中间包内死区方面所起的作用大于上挡墙.平均停留时间随下挡墙与长水口的距离增加呈先增大后减小的趋势.确定了单流中间包以湍流抑制器+下挡墙的优化组合形式,死区比例由原来的25.9%降低到了13.6% .通过系统取样分析发现优化后中间包内 T. O 和 N 含量大幅降低,正常坯中的大型夹杂物质量分数也由原来的8.4×10-7降低到3.2×10-7 .