一种新型多孔麻纤维重金属吸附剂制备与应用

采用氯仿-正丁醇索氏提取法处理黄麻叶一步制备新型多孔麻纤维重金属吸附剂(JLF).该吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附容量高达198.79mg/g.吸附剂适应pH范围宽达5至8.在Ca(Ⅱ)或Mg(Ⅱ)浓度为Cd(Ⅱ)浓度60倍的情况下,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率仍高达86%.重要的是,JLF吸附剂经过5个使用循环后仍保持高的结构稳定性和高达97%的Cd(Ⅱ)去除效率.在低吸附剂量(2g/L)下,JLF对实际冶炼废水中重金属也可高效去除,尤其Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)浓度可降至0.001mg/L以下.傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,金属离子的吸附位点主要为羧基.     

臭氧对草鱼鱼种血液MDA GSH 浓度以及GPX 活性的影响

在实验室条件下，用质量浓度为0．118和0．278mg／L的臭氧处理草鱼鱼种，研究臭氧对草鱼血液中丙二醛(ＭDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性的影响．实验结果表明：MDA浓度在两种质量浓度中暴露30min后显著升高．GSH浓度在0．118mg/L暴露90min后显著降低，在0．278mg／L暴露30min后显著降低．GPX活性在0．118mg／L暴露30min显著升高，并在90min的实验时间内维持在一恒定水平；在O．278mg/L暴露30min其活性显著升高，但之后便呈现下降趋势，并在第90min时显著低于对照组．     

镉胁迫对钝缀锦蛤的生理影响

本文测定了北海市底播养殖的钝缀锦蛤的7种常见重金属(Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr)含量，通过计算其生物富集系数(Bioconcentration factor,BCF)发现，海水中的Cd极易在钝缀锦蛤体内富集.为了探究重金属Cd对钝缀锦蛤的生理影响，本研究采用实验生态学的方法研究了在不同质量浓度的含Cd(0 mg·L^-1、0.025 mg·L^-1、0.05 mg·L^-1、0.15 mg·L^-1、0.3 mg·L^-1)海水中，钝缀锦蛤在不同暴露时间(1 d、4 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d)下其内脏团中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等酶指标的变化情况.结果表明：(1)经Cd胁迫后，钝缀锦蛤内脏团的SOD、GPX、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量随剂量增加和时间延长而上升到最高值，此后又逐步下降并趋于正常值；(2) Cd胁迫后，钝缀锦蛤的机体会产生氧化应激反应，而且它能通过调节自身酶活力的变化来减少胁...     

水葱对矿山排水中重金属的去除研究

通过研究湿地挺水植物水葱（Scirpus validus）对矿山排水中重金属（Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cd）的去除效果,发现水葱对Ni、Mn、Cd的去除效果非常好,浓度去除率均达到80%以上,对Cu、Zn的浓度去除率稍微偏低.水葱吸收到体内的重金属元素主要集中在地下根部;水葱对各种金属元素的去除存在一定的协同作用;水葱蒸腾量的增加在一定程度上能促进水葱对重金属的去除.通过水葱处理后的重金属废水达到GB 8978—1996国家综合排放一级标准.     

基于UASB反应器的低碳磷酸盐还原菌种源污泥的培养和驯化

目的培养和驯化在低碳条件下能够正常生存并有良好磷酸盐还原效率的微生物污泥,探究其最佳的工艺运行参数和系统的操作方案.方法整个驯化过程共90 d完成,分为低负荷、中负荷、高负荷3个阶段.以较低COD进水质量浓度进行污泥的培养和驯化.考察磷酸盐还原污泥对废水的COD去除效率、磷酸盐去除效率,磷化氢产生量,污泥质量浓度变化,并对这些影响因子的作用效果进行分析.结果最终COD去除率可以达到87.99%.磷酸盐去除率最高达到59.49%,最高去除速率为21.11 mg/(L·d),除磷效能趋于稳定.系统中混合液悬浮固体质量浓度(M LSS)、混合液挥发性悬浮固体质量浓度(MLVSS)及悬浮物质量浓度(SS)趋于稳定,没有大幅增殖,并出现细小污泥颗粒,污泥的状况和性能保持稳定,没有处理剩余污泥的负担.结论污泥培养驯化成功,检测到微量磷化氢气体的产生,磷化氢的产生证实了磷酸盐还原反应的发生.     

污泥活性炭去除废水中重金属效果的研究

在室内模拟条件下研究了重金属离子浓度、吸附时间、废水pH值、温度和固液比等因素对污泥活性炭去除废水中重金属的影响.结果表明：Cd2＋浓度为40 mg·L^-1、Zn^2＋浓度为10 mg· L^-1、Pb2＋浓度为10 mg·L^-1、Cu^2＋浓度30 mg·L^-1,吸附90 min,pH值为4,温度为25℃,固液比为10g·L^-1的条件下,污泥活性炭对废水中Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋的去除效果最佳,去除率均在53％以上.     

分子筛对水中氨氮的吸附性能研究

利用复合分子筛对模拟含氨氮废水进行研究,分析了吸附过程中粒径,温度,pH值,停留时间等影响因素对氨氮去除效率的影响.结果表明:氨氮去除效果随着分子筛粒径的减小而增加,4 g粒径小于2 mm分子筛对100 mL浓度为5 mg/L的模拟氨氮水的去除效果达到了80%,停留时间与去除率呈正相关,当40 min时反应基本达到了平衡,在弱酸性和碱性条件下氨氮去除率有所增加,氨氮的去除效果随着温度的升高而上升.     

鸡蛋壳对酸性废水中的铅、铜、铬的吸附研究

研究了鸡蛋壳对废水中重金属铜、铅、铬去除效能,并初步探讨了鸡蛋壳煅烧温度、用量和pH值对去除效率的影响,并观察其在最佳条件下对金属的去除率.结果表明,用400 ℃下煅烧2 h,质量浓度为30 g/L的鸡蛋壳(pH值3.0),其除铜率能达到最佳值99.56%;用500 ℃下煅烧2 h,质量浓度25 g/L的鸡蛋壳(pH值...     

利用大孔树脂从啤酒废酵母中分离谷胱甘肽

利用大孔树脂D001分离纯化还原型谷胱甘肽,其最佳试验条件为：pH值4.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液平衡,pH值7.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液洗脱,洗脱流速为2.0 mL/min.此法所得到的粗品颜色为白色,经高效液相色谱分析,其GSH质量分数为28.47%,平均收率为71.6%.     

厦门西海域拟疏浚物中重金属Cr的去除效果研究

以厦门西海域马銮湾外湾拟疏浚物为研究对象,采用搅拌、曝气试验研究了草酸、草酸铵,EDTA等试剂对拟疏浚物中重金属Cr的浸提效果.结果表明,草酸对重金属Cr的去除效果最佳,其对Cr的去除率分别为EDTA和草酸铵的1.31(1.25)和1.44(1.35)倍.选择最佳试剂草酸进行不同条件试验,包括pH、草酸浓度、固液比和反应时间等,得出最优试验条件为:在pH值为3、草酸摩尔浓度为0.2mol/L、固液比1∶50和反应时间为8h的搅拌或者16h的曝气,对重金属Cr的去除率达到37.19%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.