微米级余弦槽表面疏水性及冷凝传热实验研究

为了研究余弦微槽结构的疏水性和冷凝传热性能,首先制备了不同槽峰高度和槽距的微米级余弦槽结构表面,实验研究了不同结构微槽表面的静态接触角及其对滴状冷凝传热性能的影响,并对冷凝传热过程中液滴在微槽表面合并、脱落过程进行实验研究和热力学分析。结果表明,液滴在微槽表面的疏水性和传热性能都呈现明显的各向异性,横向静态接触角θ⊥明显高于纵向接触角θ∥。同时,冷凝传热过程中竖直纵槽阻碍液滴的横向合并,但其对液滴脱落过程起到极大促进作用,传热性能较光滑表面提高30%~50%,且峰距比越大液滴的脱落半径越小、脱落频率越高,表面传热效率也越高。水平横槽则相反,虽然增大峰距比促进了液滴合并,但却对其脱落过程产生不利影响,导致整体传热性能较纵向槽表面大幅下降,与光滑表面接近。引入表面润湿率对微槽表面的液滴脱落半径进行热力学计算,计算值与实验结果吻合较好,误差在20%以内。     

线张力对接触角影响的理论分析

通过引入“线张力”的概念，分别用力学和热力学的方法导出固体表面上液滴平衡时接触角应满足的条件，即对Young方程进行修正．并得到了液滴系统自由能随接触角变化的曲线，从理论上说明在理想固体表面上线张力可以造成液滴接触角的多值现象．结果表明，由液滴形变作用引起的线张力变化是影响接触角测量准确性的一个重要因素．对于深入认识线张力在液滴运动以及滴状冷凝传热过程中的作用有积极意义．     

滴状冷凝研究的进展

本文以大最的资料为依据,并结合笔者近年来的研究结果,对实现滴状冷凝的途径、滴状冷凝的机理及影响给热系数的因素进行了论述。0 概述滴状冷凝足发生在不润湿的表面上的,它与膜状冷凝的区别是,冷凝表面上不是连续的液膜而是大小不一的液滴。蒸汽首先在冷凝表面上的活化中心处冷凝,产生大量的微小液滴,这     

基于晶格Boltzmann方法研究微液滴形变中接触角

接触角是常见的自然现象,是液体对固体表面浸润的结果,通过测量接触角可以判断固体表面亲疏液体的性质。从热力学自由能理论出发,采用基于化学势的多相流晶格Boltzmann方法研究表面上微小液滴形变中的接触角变化。通过设置不同的化学势来改变固体表面的亲疏液体性质,模拟计算中既有落在固体表面之上的液滴,也包括悬挂在固体表面下方的液滴。在忽略重力作用的情况下,模拟得到的接触角与球冠法的理论预期一致,并且液滴的接触角可以通过表面化学势线性调节。在考虑重力作用的情况下,虽然不同大小的液滴发生了明显的不同程度的形变,但是模拟计算所得的接触角保持不变,验证了微观接触角与重力无关的理论。     

蒸汽冷凝初始液滴形成机理研究

蒸汽在过冷表面进行滴状冷凝时的初始液滴形成机理一直是悬而未决的问题.应用电子探针和扫描电镜两种方法对水蒸气冷凝前后镁表面上化学成分的变化进行了检测,发现冷凝后镁表面上氧含量明显增加,而且随着过冷度和冷凝时间的增加而增加.为了深入分析氧含量的增加是整个表面都反应造成的还是仅局部反应导致的,建立了镁与凝液反应的动力学关系,并推算出初始液滴所占面积分率远小于1的结果.同时电子探针的扫描检测结果证明氧元素在镁表面上的分布是不均匀的,凝液所占面积分率的图像处理结果与动力学计算结果相吻合.因此,初始形成的冷凝液仅在表面的局部区域产生,不是以薄液膜的形式覆盖表面,即滴状冷凝初始液滴的形成机理在纳米尺度下符合固定成核中心假说.     

圆形径向梯度表面能材料表面的凝结换热系数

在均质表面上的单个球缺形液滴换热模型和液滴通用尺度分布规律的基础上，结合梯度表面能材料表面上的液滴分布和凝结换热特性，得到了圆形径向梯度表面能材料表面上的滴状凝结换热计算式．在此基础上，研究了壁面过冷度、接触角梯度、工质物性等参数对梯度表面能材料表面滴状凝结换热性能的影响．     

基于晶格Boltzmann方法的接触角实时测量研究

接触角在表面湿润、毛细现象和移动接触线等问题中是基本的特征量。虽然数值计算中已经可以有效地模拟接触角现象,但是在动态模拟中,接触角还不能被实时地精确测量。基于化学势晶格Boltzmann方法,本文设计一种几何的方法实时测量接触角。当忽略重力的影响时,该方法计算结果与球冠模型的理论预期保持一致,而且不受液滴大小的影响;当考虑重力影响时,虽然液滴呈现明显的变形,但是测量所得的微观接触角保持不变,与理论预期相符。当基板倾斜时,液滴的前进角逐渐增大,后退角逐渐减小,接触角迟滞越来越大,而且能够被实时地测量。     

超疏水低黏附微孔表面的制备及其冷凝微滴的高效自去除性能

冷凝微滴在基底材料表面的高效自去除是防结霜的一种有效手段.以硅片为基底材料,采用飞秒激光直写技术制备了微孔阵列结构,经低表面能修饰后,表面水接触角为165°,滚动角为0.6°,液滴在微孔结构表面可以实现多次弹跳.通过冷凝微滴的自去除实验,重点分析了冷凝微滴的成核、生长、合并自去除机制,发现冷凝微滴可以在微孔内部短时间内...     

液滴在化学异构表面上侧向弹跳的计算机模拟研究

液滴撞击润湿性不同的表面会产生不同的动态行为,数值模拟是研究该现象的一种有效方法。采用基于化学势的晶格Boltzmann方法,通过调整接触角来改变固体表面的润湿性,对液滴撞击单一接触角的疏水表面以及接触角分布不同的疏水表面所产生的动态行为进行模拟和分析。当给疏水表面施加单一接触角时,液滴的弹跳高度随表面接触角的增大而增大,并且当接触角增大到160°时会产生二次弹跳现象,大于170°时产生多次弹跳现象;当给疏水表面施加分布不同的接触角时,根据表面接触角设置方法的不同,所产生的液滴弹跳现象会有相应的差异。结果表明,当液滴撞击2种接触角交界处时,液滴总是向接触角小的一方侧向弹跳,其弹跳高度和距离取决于2种接触角的差值,并给出了该差值分别与弹跳高度和距离的基本关系。这种特性对实现有效控制液滴动态行为十分有帮助,可广泛应用于自清洁、喷墨打印等领域。     

水平管间溴化锂溶液滴状降膜流动分析

对溴化锂溶液在水平管间的实际液滴流动过程进行了记录分析,以改进目前滴状降膜吸收数值模型中的理想化球形液滴假设.使用高速摄像机,对16 mm管间距下溴化锂溶液滴状流动过程进行了拍摄.采用图像边缘识别技术、样条拟合和二维曲线旋转积分方法,得到了液滴表面积和体积关于时间的变化关系.根据液滴的发展特点,将管间液滴形成划分为悬垂拉伸、不稳定液柱和破裂降落3个阶段,据此提出了不同溶液流量下液滴形成的预测模型.管间液滴表面积和体积发展的预测曲线与实测结果吻合较好.该模型可以在滴状降膜传热传质数值计算中得到应用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.