液电等离子体降解对硝基苯酚的研究

采用频率为150 Hz、峰值电压为30 kV的高压放电电源为液电等离子反应器电源,设计了放电电极水平间距为2 cm的针-筒曝气连续式液电等离子反应器,研究了对硝基苯酚废水在该液电等离子反应器中的降解规律.研究表明,经过120 min高压放电降解,对硝基苯酚的降解率可达91.2%,对硝基苯酚废水初始浓度、pH值和电导率影响对硝基苯酚的降解率.降低对硝基苯酚的浓度可提高降解速率,初始pH值小对降解有利;初始电导率的增加不利于降解的进行.采用FT-IR、LC/MS跟踪降解过程中间产物,检测到对硝基苯酚废水降解过程中有醌物种生成,提出了对硝基苯酚的降解主要被自由基攻击,并取代对硝基苯酚的活性住所引起.通过比较,液电等离子体技术是降解对硝基苯酚的有效方法.     

新型微电解填料对2, 4-二硝基苯酚废水降解的电化学特性

以一种基于双金属体系的新型三元微电解填料为研究对象,通过循环伏安法和紫外光谱扫描对其降解2,4-二硝基苯酚废水机理进行了初步探究。通过对2,4-二硝基苯酚溶液进行循环伏安法测定,模拟铁碳微电解填料对2,4-二硝基苯酚溶液的电化学催化降解过程。研究pH、温度、DO、电导率等试验因素下在2,4-二硝基苯酚降解过程中对循环伏安曲线的影响。结果表明:新型铁碳微电解填料对2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解过程包含电化学催化还原作用。     

负载型TiO2光催化降解含酚废水的研究

以20W紫外线杀菌灯为光源,采用4-氨基安替比邻直接光度法测定酚浓度.研究了TiO2粉末负载在硅胶颗粒上对含酚废水的光催化降解.探讨了反应时间、光距、有效水深、水样初始浓度、初始pH值及添加H2O2、Fe3 、Cu2 等因素对光催化降解的影响.     

固定化漆酶催化去除水中2,4-二氯苯酚

采用壳聚糖固定化漆酶催化去除水中的2,4－二氯苯酚,探讨了影响反应的不同因素,并与自由漆酶催化反应的条件进行了对比。结果表明,固定酶催化降解反应的最佳pH值在5.5左右,相对于自由漆酶,其最适pH 值向酸性偏移;降解反应的最适温度范围在30～45 ℃之间,较自由漆酶的反应温度范围增大;载体壳聚糖的吸附作用对降解反应和氯酚的去除率影响不大,氯酚的去除主要是漆酶催化氧化反应的结果;连续重复使用固定化漆酶去除模拟废水中的2,4-DCP,在重复操作6次之后,其降解效率仍能保持60%以上。     

辉光放电等离子体降解生物染料橙黄G

利用辉光放电等离子体技术降解橙黄G偶氮染料废水,借助紫外光谱分析了其降解过程,考察了多种因素对其降解效果的影响.结果表明,提高染料初始浓度和电解质浓度可提高橙黄G的降解率.改变溶液的初始pH值,橙黄G的降解率随溶液的初始pH值升高而增加.橙黄G降解60min后,无催化剂时,降解率达到71.68%;在催化剂Fe^2＋和Mn^2＋存在时降解率达到92.48%和89.69%,COD去除率为95.85%和63.44%;H2O2存在时,降解率达到78.91%.     

低温等离子体对水体中4-氯酚的脱氯

利用平板双介质阻挡放电研究了富氧条件下水相中的4 氯酚的脱氯机理.结果表明,4 氯酚在等离子体的作用下能有效脱氯,而其CODCr下降相对缓慢;4 氯酚的脱氯过程在不同初始浓度和溶液初始pH值下均较好地符合一级反应;4 氯酚的脱氯速率常数与其初始浓度C0和初始pH值的关系分别近似为:k(C0)=0.326+0.678EXP( C0/48)和k(pH)=0.231+0.0452EXP(pH/3.53);pH值降低不利于4 氯酚的脱氯;等离子体降解4 氯酚主要是电子轰击水产生的水相活性粒子的作用,其中起主要作用的是OH·自由基和水合电子eaq ;气相中的活性物种对脱氯率的影响不大,但对CODCr的下降影响较大.     

高压放电降解甲基橙废水的研究

通过对放电电压、甲基橙浓度、降解时间和溶液电导率等因素的考察,研究了高压放电降解甲基橙废水工艺.研究表明:在输入电压为11.2 kV,高压放电时间为10 min时,甲基橙的降解率能达到99%以上;甲基橙在高压放电下的降解反应属于假一级反应,随着初始浓度的增加,降解速率增加,降解后溶液呈酸性;甲基橙废水的电导率影响甲基橙的降解,随废水电导率增加,甲基橙降解率下降.甲基橙废水经高压放电后,废水的COD降解了87%,降解后水体澄清透明.     

胶合板厂含酚废水处理的试验研究

利用除尘废水中粉煤灰的吸附作用,对含酚废水进行处理.结果表明:含粉煤灰的除尘废水对酚有较好的吸附作用,酚吸附率≥98％,吸附后清液中酚≤0.5 mg/L;除尘废水pH值在3.5～7、温度在40℃～70℃范围内,粉煤灰对酚的吸附均能取得很好的吸附效果;同时粉煤灰兼有去除含酚废水中的甲醛和色度.采用该法对胶合板厂的含酚废水进行处理,处理效果能达到国家废水排放要求.     

滑动弧等离子体降解染料废水及电极腐蚀机理

采用气液两相滑动弧等离子体工艺降解酸性橙Ⅱ废水,研究了放电电压、电极材料、溶液初始pH值和电导率对其降解率的影响。运用GC-MS方法,测定3种气氛下染料的降解产物。根据扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)结果,分析电极上脱落的金属废片。结果表明:当氧气流速为0.4m3/h,废水流量为20mL/min,电极间最窄处距离为3.5mm,溶液初始浓度为300mg/L时,放电电压升高,降解率增大,综合考虑能量效率电压选择10kV;以不锈钢为电极时,体系中形成Fenton效应,污染物降解效果最好。初始pH为2～11的酸性橙Ⅱ溶液,经滑动弧放电循环降解一次的溶液,降解率差别较明显,中性条件下最差;强酸和强碱条件下,降解率较高;但4次循环降解后,pH影响不再明显。电导率对溶液降解率的影响不大。3种气氛下,自由基攻击发色基团,苯环、萘环开环,染料脱色,生成中间体和小分子化合物。电极腐蚀主要集中在非平衡等离子区,Fe原子发生选择性溶解;氧元素的含量很高,腐蚀产物主要由Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成。     

UV/Fenton试剂处理高浓度含酚废水的实验研究

研究UV/Fenton试剂中各个因素对降解高浓度含酚废水的影响,确定UV/Fenton法处理高浓度含酚废水的最佳工艺条件.保持UV/Fenton体系的基准条件不变,通过改变pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe2+浓度、反应时间等实验条件,考察这些因素对UV/Fenton法处理高浓度含酚废水效果的影响.结果表明,UV/Fenton试剂对高浓度舍酚废水有较好的去除效果和较高的反应速率.当苯酚初始浓度为1 000 mg/L时,紫外光波长为253.7 nm,反应时间为25～40 min,pH值为6～7,H2O2浓度为40～50 mmol/L,Fe2+浓度为28～30 mg/L时,苯酚去除率可迭90%以上,满足后续生物降解要求.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.