吸附剂孔内扩散对模拟移动床分离过程的影响

为考察孔内扩散对模拟移动床分离过程的作用,采用综合速率模型对其进行研究,其中流动相模型为轴向扩散活塞流,颗粒相为Fick定律描述的扩散方程,液相和固相之间的吸附平衡采用改进的Langmuir吸附等温线.对流动相和颗粒相分别采用有限元Galerkin法和正交配置法,沿空间方向离散化后的常微分方程组运用MATLAB的ODE求解器求解.在验证了模型和离散方法对模拟移动床吸附分离过程计算的可靠性的基础上,模拟了EMD 53986对映体的模拟移动床分离过程,跟文献中使用忽略孔内传质过程的模型得到的计算值相比,模拟值与实验值吻合得更好,表明孔内扩散传质过程对模拟移动床模拟计算的重要性.     

非线性三带模拟移动床色谱的半解析优化计算

针对三带模拟移动床色谱的实际模型,用一种融合了前馈与反馈的半解析优化计算方法对三带模拟移动床色谱过程进行了模拟.首先,由非线性单柱色谱理 论解析地给出一个三带模拟移动床色谱的主要操作参数即切换时间值,然后利用所得结果与 目标量之间的偏差来校正切换时间,在理论指导下进行优化搜索,切换时间能很快达到最佳 值.将测得的系统参数引入计算,并将计算结果用于实际操作,得到了很好的分离效果.     

对二甲苯模拟移动床分离过程的模拟与优化

对国内外模拟移动床的研究状况及模拟移动床的设计方法进行了简短的综述,基于Aspen Chromatography软件,以对二甲苯模拟移动床吸附分离过程为研究对象,结合实际工况数据,采用模拟移动床SMB模型,对模拟移动床吸附分离过程进行设计与模拟,抽取液中对二甲苯的纯度高达99.98%,,收率高达98.08%,.考察了切换时间(t_s)、抽取液流量(Q_E)、进料量(Q_F)、吸附剂钝化以及管路死体积对吸附分离过程的影响.模拟结果表明:借助于Aspen Chromatography,采用SMB模型能较好地描述模拟移动床分离过程的真实情况,对模拟移动床分离过程的工艺设计、优化及操作具有重要的指导意义.     

铁矿石移动床还原数学模型

本文在对铁矿石还原动力学特性进行了较详细的实验研究基础上,提出了一个移动床还原一维数学模型,模型描述了矿石还原度,气相成份、温度、压力等沿反应器轴向变化的规律。通过实验室规模的移动床还原实验证明此模型能正确反映铁矿石在移动床中的还原过程,实验测定值与模型计算值很好吻合。应用此模型能更确切地说明移动床还原过程的规律性,对改进高炉和直接还原竖炉的操作及设计反应器都有指导作用。     

烷烃中少量芳烃的模拟移动床吸附及模拟

在实验研究烷烃中少量芳烃的模拟移动床吸附动态过程及其条件的基础上,用模拟移动床吸附模型进行了模型化拟合计算,传质采用线性推动力模型,得出轴向扩散系数和总传质系数.结果表明:模拟移动床吸附动态模型的计算值与实验值相符;用吸附动态模型计算得出的轴向扩散系数与由关联式计算出的值相一致,且与流速成正比;总传质系数随着进料流量的增加而增大;区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ中,总传质系数随着温度和质量分数的升高而逐渐增大.区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ中,总传质系数随着温度的升高和质量分数的降低而逐渐减小.在低流量下,区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ中的总传质系数远比区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ中的总传质系数小.以上实验与计算结果为在直链烷基苯的生产过程中,降低循环烷烃中芳构化物的含量,实现延长脱氢催化剂的寿命提供了技术基础.     

非线性三带模拟移动床色谱的半解析优化计算

针对三带模拟移动床色谱的实际模型，用一种融合了前馈与反馈的半解析优化计算方法对三带模拟移动床色谱过程进行了模拟．首先，由非线性单柱色谱理论解析地给出一个三带模拟移动床色谱的主要操作参数即切换时间值，然后利用所得结果与目标量之间的偏差来校正切换时间，在理论指导下进行优化搜索，切换时间能很快达到最佳值．将测得的系统参数引入计算，并将计算结果用于实际操作，得到了很好的分离效果．     

机载分子筛产氧器的数值模拟

介绍了机载分子筛产氧系统的工作原理和变压吸附的基本理论 ,建立了机载分子筛产氧器的数学模型。模型考虑了筛床内的传热传质和压力的变化以及吸附热引起的享利系数的变化等因素对吸附性能的影响 ;吸附床采用了串联混合池模型 ,吸附平衡量的计算采用线性吸附等温理论。用所建模型对机载分子筛产氧器的工作过程进行了模拟并对结果进行了分析     

烷烃中少量芳烃的固定床和模拟移动床吸附

在实验研究烷烃中少量芳烃的固定床吸附动态过程和模拟移动床吸附动态过程的基础上，用固定床和模拟移动床线性推动力模型进行了模拟计算，可得到如下结论：在本文的实验条件下，固定床吸附动态模型和模拟移动床吸附动态模型拟合的结果均与实验值相符；但从技术性能指标和技术经济指标两个角度都反映出对脱除烷烃中的少量芳烃的吸附分离过程，用固定床吸附过程比模拟移动床吸附过程更具有可行性。这些结果为在直链烷基苯的生产过程中，附低循环烷烃中芳构化物的含量，实现延长脱氢催化剂的寿命，提高烷基苯的产量提供了技术基础。     

雷诺质流模型在填料床反应过程中的应用:Ⅱ.合成醋酸乙烯过程的模拟

将系列文章第1部分(Ⅰ)中描述的雷诺质流模型应用到填料床催化反应过程的模拟.模拟对象为填料床催化反应合成醋酸乙烯的过程.采用雷诺质流模型,可以同时得到填料床内组分浓度、气相温度以及速度分布.模拟结果与实验测量值符合较好.通过对比发现,由于雷诺质流模型能准确表征填料床内湍流传质扩散的各向异性,使得该模型模拟结果优于传统模型.最后,本文对湍流传质扩散的各向异性进行了初步探讨.     

悬浮生物载体空问结构的数值评价

为了评价及优化移动床生物膜反应器的重要材料--悬浮生物载体的空间结构,采用动网格模型与两相流模型耦合的动态数值模拟方法对装有悬浮生物载体的移动床反应器的内部流体力学特性进行分析.计算结果表明,动网格技术与两相流技术耦合的数值方法能够很详细地模拟悬浮生物载体在移动床生物反应器中的运动,以及其中每个瞬时的计算域内压力、速度、气含率等流体参数的定量分布.文中还讨论了采用气含率和载体表面剪切力两个流体力学参数来评价生物载体空间结构的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with