［（N，N－二膦酸亚甲墓）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂的催化加氢活性

一类新型负载钯催化剂：［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂由Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ４）２－ｘ［（Ｏ３ＰＣＨ２）２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ］ｘ·Ｈ２Ｏ与ＰｄＣｌ２在甲醇中络合和水台胼还原制得．研究了催化剂在常压下对取代烯烃和硝基苯的加氢反应，催化剂的ｘ值、Ｐｄ％含量，＞ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ／Ｐｄ比值、反应温度、溶剂和底物对催化加氢活性的影响也进行了研究．催化剂可重复使用８次而无显著失活．［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆；氯化钯；负载；催化活性     

二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化硝基苯加氢反应的研究

制备了二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对催化剂的性质进行了分析,并对催化剂的硝基苯加氢反应催化性能进行了初步的评价.结果表明,二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯表现出了优良的硝基苯催化加氢反应活性,在温和的反应条件下,硝基苯可完全催化加氢转化为苯胺;催化剂可回收,重复使用四次后,硝基苯转化率仍达到88.4%.     

m-β-羟乙基砜硝基苯催化加氢制m-β-羟乙基砜苯胺

以Ｐｄ／Ｃ为催化剂,考察了温度、压力、溶剂、溶剂量、溶液ｐＨ值、搅拌速度及反应原料对ｍ－β－羟乙基砜硝基苯催化加氢制,ｍ－β－羟乙基苯胺的影响。表明以自制的ｗ＝０．０２Ｐｄ／Ｃ为经剂,经提纯的工厂中间体ｍ－β－羟乙基砜硝基苯为原料,在６５℃、３．５ＭＰａ、乙醇为溶剂、原料：乙醇：催化剂＝１：１：０．０５（ｍ／ｍ）、溶液ｐＨ值７～８、搅拌速度８００ｒ／ｍｉｈ的条件下反应２ｈ,反应得率可达９９．７％＾     

乙醇重整制氢对邻氯硝基苯的原位加氢合成邻氯苯胺的研究

制备了两种PVP稳定的负载型稀土金属催化剂, 考察了其催化邻氯硝基苯（o-CNB）选择加氢制备邻氯苯胺（o-CAN）的催化性能. 所用氢气通过乙醇的液相催化重整产生并直接用于邻氯硝基苯的原位加氢. 评价了不同反应条件（温度、时间、Fe修饰剂等）对邻氯硝基苯的选择加氢的影响. 研究表明, PVP-La/γ-Al2O3催化剂比另一贵金属催化剂PVP-Pd/γ-Al2O3拥有更好的催化性能. 同时, 在优化的条件下, Fe修饰的PVP-La/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化的邻氯硝基苯选择加氢反应中, o-CNB的转化     

功能化聚苯乙烯树脂负载钯催化剂在聚酮合成中的应用

采用苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯交联合成聚苯乙烯树脂微球,通过一系列反应后得到表面接枝双齿氮的功能化树脂微球.以负载有乙酸钯的功能化树脂微球组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚合成聚酮.利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对树脂负载催化剂及聚合产物进行了表征.研究了催化体系中各组分用量及反应时间对共聚反应的影响.结果表明,树脂负载催化剂对聚酮合成反应具有较好的催化性能:当树脂用量为0.5 g、乙酸钯为22.4 mg时,聚酮产量达8.6606 g.     

壳聚糖负载钯络合物催化氢化苯乙酮的动力学

以二氧化硅负载壳聚糖-钯络合物(SiO2-CS-Pd)为催化剂,在常温且氢气压力恒定为1.0×105 Pa下,以乙醇为溶剂催化苯乙酮加氢生成1-苯基乙醇,用气相色谱仪跟踪反应进程.结果表明,在实验条件下,反应对苯乙酮为一级,反应速率随催化剂的增多而加快.提出了可能的反应机理.     

羊毛-钯-镍配合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应的催化性能

生物高分子负载型双金属羊毛-钯-镍络合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应性能的研究,发现该催化剂制备简单,温和条件下能有效地将芳硝基化合物催化加氢.考察了反应温度、溶剂、金属负载量、Pd/Ni比、溶液pH等对催化加氢反应的影响.在最佳条件下,芳硝基化舍物被100%的转化为芳胺化合物,并且催化荆重复使用4次,仍有较高的催化活性.     

乙酸和正丁醇在强酸性阳离子交换树脂上酯化反应的动力学行为

以大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂进行了乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应，研究了不同的催化剂用量、醇／醇摩尔比和温度对酯化反应的影响，得出较佳的工艺条件为２．５２ｇｃａｔ／ｍｏｌＨＡｃ、醇／酸摩尔比为１和１１０～１２０℃，并从温度与酯化速度的关系求出反应级数（ｎ），反应速度常数（ｋ）和反应活化能（Ｅ）．     

铂钯双金属纳米催化剂的催化活性

由聚合物稳定的铂纳米催化剂对环己烯催化加氢反应具有较高的催化活性，在铂纳米催化剂中引入第二金属元素钯，即在纳米铂颗粒上包裹一层钯，形成具有球壳结构Pt-Pd双金属催化剂，随引入钯的量不同，其催化能力的大小发生了变化．而且调节反应溶液的pH值，催化能力也发生变化.     

Pd-Sn/吸附树脂催化剂催化氢化卤代硝基苯的选择性

研究了大孔聚苯乙烯系吸附树脂Ｄ３５２０负载的钯锡催化剂氢化卤代芳香硝基化合物的性能，分别考察了温度、溶剂、底物浓度等对其选择性的影响，并与文献值进行了比较．结果表明：原子比为０８的ＰｄＳｎ／Ｄ３５２０催化剂对氯硝基苯３种异构体的加氢，不仅活性高、反应条件温和，而且脱氯率较低．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.