微波加热条件下氯化锌催化合成乙酸乙酯

以冰醋酸和无水乙醇为原料,氯化锌为催化剂,采用微波加热法合成乙酸乙酯.探讨了酸醇比、催化剂用量、微波功率和辐射时间对合成乙酸乙酯产率的影响.得出最佳的反应条件为酸醇摩尔比2∶1、催化剂质量百分数1.5%、辐射时间6 min和微波功率400 W,合成乙酸乙酯的产率为78.36%.     

微波辐射对甲苯磺酸催化合成己二酸二正丙酯

微波辐射下以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,己二酸和正丙醇为原料,合成了己二酸二正丙酯.考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明:n(正丙醇)∶n(己二酸)=4∶1,用400W微波辐射10min,产率达97.5%以上.     

微波辐射相转移催化合成扁桃酸工艺研究

研究了苯甲醛和卤仿在微波辐射条件下相转移催化合成扁桃酸的工艺,探讨了合成过程中催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应物的摩尔配比、微波辐射功率、体系反应温度、微波辐射时间等对该合成反应的影响,并通过熔点和红外光谱对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明,在微波辐射功率为300W,系统反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20min,苯甲醛、氯仿和四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)的摩尔比为1∶1.76∶0.03时,扁桃酸的产率可达60.4%.     

微波辐射下肉桂酸苄酯的相转移催化合成研究

以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料 ,二乙胺作催化剂 ,采用微波辐射技术 ,在常压下直接合成了肉桂酸苄酯 .讨论了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响 .实验结果表明 ,最适宜的反应条件为 :当n肉桂酸钠∶n氯化苄 =1∶3 4时 ,二乙胺的用量 1 0mL ,微波功率 4 5 0W ,辐射 12min ,产率达 85 3%以上 .     

微波辐射催化合成乙酰水杨酸

在微波辐射下以碳酸氢钠为催化剂合成乙酰水杨酸,考察了影响反应的主要因素,实验结果表明合成最佳工艺条件为n(水杨酸)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶2.0,微波功率为微波炉“中低”档(40%)151W,辐射时间45 s,催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的2%,产率可达96.9%(重结晶产率可达92.1%)。     

DMAP催化“一锅法”合成4,6-二苯基-2-氨基-3,5-二氰基-4H-吡喃衍生物

使用DMAP为催化剂,芳香醛、苯甲酰乙腈、丙二腈为原料,乙醇作溶剂,一锅法合成2-氨基-3,5-二氰基-4H-吡喃衍生物.通过单因素试验考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、温度及原料摩尔比对目标产物产率的影响.结果表明:合成该化合物的优化工艺条件为:催化剂的最佳用量为苯甲酰乙腈物质的量的10%,反应时间20 min,反应温度为70℃,原料摩尔比n(不同取代的苯甲醛)∶n(苯甲酰乙腈)∶n(丙二腈)=1.1∶1.0∶1.1.产率在89.9%～98.5%之间.此方法为2-氨基-3-氰基-4H-吡喃衍生物的合成提供了一种高效、快速的合成路线.     

微波辐射下扁桃酸的合成

采用微波辐射技术,以苯甲醛、氯仿为原料,以氢氧化钠为碱剂,氯化苄基三乙胺(TEBAC)为相转移催化剂合成了扁桃酸.通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了各反应因素对产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:苯甲醛与氯仿摩尔比1:2.5,氯化苄基三乙胺0.003 mol,40%氢氧化钠,反应温度60℃,微波功率400 W,辐射时间为25 min.在此条件下,扁桃酸的产率可达88.3%.     

微波辐射难溶杂多酸盐催化合成肉桂酸苄酯的研究

研究了微波辐射条件下以钨硅酸三乙醇胺盐催化合成肉桂酸苄酯的方法.实验结果表明:微波辐射功率为600W, 反应温度100℃,辐射时间为7min,n(肉桂酸)∶n(苄醇) =1.0∶4.0,催化剂用量为0.6g,酯收率大于91%.该方法有产率高,时间短,不污染环境等优点.     

微波辅助“一锅煮”法合成p-羟基肉桂酸

微波辐射下,文章以p-羟基苯甲醛和乙酸酐为原料,碳酸钾为催化剂,经Perkin反应"一锅煮"法合成p-羟基肉桂酸,并优化了反应条件。实验结果表明:在p-羟基苯甲醛、乙酸酐和碳酸钾摩尔比为1∶4∶1,微波辐射功率为700 W,回流反应20min,水解反应2h的条件下,p-羟基肉桂酸的产率达到71.94%,纯度为99.20%。产物结构经傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、超导核磁共振波谱仪(1 H NMR)和显微熔点仪分析表征并加以确认。     

树脂固载磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛正己硫醇缩醛

为了提高合成香料苯甲醛正己硫醇缩醛的产率,使用大孔阳离子交换树脂和磷钨酸制得离子交换树脂固载磷钨酸催化剂,催化合成了苯甲醛正己硫醇缩醛,考察了影响收率的因素.结果表明催化合成的优化条件为,n(苯甲醛)∶n(正己硫醇)∶m(催化剂)∶V(二氯甲烷)=1mol∶2.2mol∶20g∶350mL,43℃回流下进行,反应时间5.0～5.5h,收率可达86%以上.以离子交换树脂固载磷钨酸为催化剂对苯甲醛和正己硫醇缩醛反应具有较高的催化活性,且稳定性较佳,可重复使用.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to