甘蔗渣乙醇化预处理方法比较

用稀硫酸、氢氧化钠及超声波辅助碱法对甘蔗渣进行乙醇化预处理,研究酸、碱的质量分数、温度、时间、质量浓度对甘蔗渣预处理的影响.在硫酸质量分数为0.8%、质量浓度为1∶25（g/mL）、温度为135 ℃ 的条件下反应4 min,经酶水解后糖质量分数为17.81%（g/g）;在氢氧化钠质量分数为9%、质量浓度为1∶8（g/mL）、温度为40 ℃的条件下反应15 min,经酶水解后糖质量分数为14.50%（g/g）;超声波能够强化甘蔗渣碱预处理,处理液经酶水解后的糖质量分数达18.65%（g/g）.     

荭草花旗松素提取工艺优化

采用超声波预处理结合热回流提取的工艺提取荭草花旗松素,利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：超声波处理时间20min、超声波处理温度50℃、超声波功率100W、乙醇体积分数55％、热回流提取温度87℃、料液比1：22（g·mL^-1）、热回流提取时间2h、提取次数2次,此条件下荭草花旗松素的提取超为3,56mg·g^-1。     

预处理方法对细菌降解玉米秸秆产氢能力的影响

为提高细菌降解玉米秸秆产氢能力,实验研究了酸化汽爆预处理、硫酸预处理、氢氧化钠预处理和氨水预处理4种预处理方法对细菌Clostridium sp.X9降解玉米秸秆发酵产氢能力的影响.结果表明,酸化汽爆为最佳的预处理方式.在酸化汽爆预处理条件为硫酸体积分数1%、汽爆温度121℃和汽爆时间2 h时,纤维素降解产氢细菌Clostridium sp.X9利用酸化汽爆玉米秸秆产氢获得的最大产氢率和玉米秸秆降解率分别为6.4 mmol/g和47.8%.液相代谢末端产物主要为丁酸、乙酸和乙醇.     

用亚硫酸钠从分银渣中浸出银

采用稀硝酸预处理亚硫酸钠浸出体系浸取分银渣中的银,研究预处理剂硝酸和浸出剂亚硫酸钠的质量浓度、浸出固液比、温度、时间以及体系pH值对银浸出率的影响。实验结果表明:在稀硝酸质量分数为2%,亚硫酸钠质量浓度为200 g/L,pH值控制在8,固液比为1:8,反应时间为2 h,温度为30℃的条件下,银的浸出率可达95%以上。该工艺具有操作简便、能耗低及环境友好等优点,对节能环保处理分银渣具有重要意义。     

碱性过氧化氢预处理对醋渣厌氧消化性能的影响

利用单因素法研究了碱性过氧化氢预处理过程中的H₂O₂浓度、预处理温度以及预处理时间3个因素对醋渣厌氧消化性能的影响，结果表明，H₂O₂浓度、预处理温度和预处理时间的最优条件分别为4%、40℃和12 h。经实验验证，在最佳联合预处理条件下醋渣厌氧消化累积甲烷产量（基于挥发性固体含量）达302.0 mL/g，生物降解率为70.0%，较未预处理醋渣提升了54.4%。     

微波辅助预处理对玉米秸秆酶解的影响

研究了微波辅助硫酸、氢氧化钠预处理对玉米秸秆酶解糖得率的影响,并对温度、酸碱添加量、预处理时间、液固比4个因素进行了单因素试验分析。结果表明预处理的最佳条件为：微波-硫酸预处理时,温度190℃,硫酸质量浓度为10 g/L,预处理时间3 min,液固比20(硫酸体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为44.6%和30.3%;微波-氢氧化钠预处理时,温度130℃,氢氧化钠质量浓度15 g/L,预处理时间7 min,液固比30(氢氧化钠溶液体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为1.5%和80.0%。     

玉米秸秆还原浸出高铁低品位锰矿研究

采用"玉米秸秆硫酸预处理—浸出"工艺处理含Mn 9.63%(质量分数)的朝阳锰矿.通过试验考察用硫酸对玉米秸秆进行预处理的时间、秸秆用量、温度、硫酸浓度和浸出温度对锰浸出率的影响.试验表明,在秸秆用量2.5 g、时间10 min、硫酸浓度1.2 mol/L、温度80℃时预处理秸秆,浸出温度为90℃的条件下,锰的浸出率达92%,杂质铁溶出率仅为20%.玉米秸秆处理前后FTIR分析结果表明,对秸秆进行硫酸预处理能够破坏难降解的木质素结构,有利于提高锰的浸出效果.     

粉煤灰硫酸焙烧熟料溶出液的除铁过程研究

对粉煤灰硫酸焙烧熟料溶出液空气和双氧水两段协同除铁过程进行研究。研究结果表明:当恒定空气流速为50 m L/min和全程搅拌速率为500 r/min时,在空气氧化时间为7 h,空气氧化温度为85℃,H_2O_2的氧化时间为30 min及其氧化温度为25℃,质量分数为14%、用量为5 m L等优化条件下可使综合除铁率达99.25%,溶出液铁质量浓度可由1.185 g/L降至8.800 mg/L;除铁后获结晶硫酸铝煅烧所得Al_2O_3品位(质量分数)为98.71%。     

赶黄草总黄酮类化合物的提取纯化工艺研究

以赶黄草为原料,选择单因素和正交试验筛选了赶黄草回流提取和超声提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并对提取出的总黄酮利用聚酰胺树脂进行纯化,筛选出纯化最佳条件.结果显示最佳回流提取条件为:料液比1:15、提取温度60℃、乙醇体积分数60％、提取时间1 h.超声最佳提取条件分别为料液比1:25,提取温度50℃,乙醇体积分数60％,提取时间50 min.聚酰胺树脂的纯化最优条件为:选择60～80目聚酰胺树脂、溶液pH值为4、装柱比例1:15、拌样比例1:3、洗脱溶剂pH值为8、乙醇体积分数为70％,并且乙醇用量需大于3倍量保留体积.通过实验对比和筛选赶黄草黄酮的提取工艺条件和树脂最佳纯化条件,为赶黄草黄酮未来的提取纯化类实验研究提供实验数据参考.     

沼液原位生化预处理玉米秸与猪粪混合厌氧消化性能分析

对沼液预处理玉米秸与猪粪的混合厌氧消化性能进行研究,针对主要预处理参数采用四因素四水平正交实验设计,结果表明:经沼液预处理的各组累积产甲烷量比未处理组提高8.07%~32.56%;最优预处理条件为总含固率10%,沼液经4 mm筛网过滤,预处理温度35℃,预处理时间3 d;在最优预处理条件下,沼液预处理较未处理组产气峰值提高65.01%,出现峰值时间提前8 d,累积产甲烷量达到80%时间(t80)缩短33.33%,单位总固体含量(TS)产甲烷量达到192.45 m L/g,比未处理组提高了22.89%,与Na OH预处理效果相近,氨氮、碱度浓度适中,系统稳定性良好。因此,沼液预处理能够明显提高混合物料的厌氧消化性能,同时减少沼液排放,降低二次污染。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.