间歇式活性污泥法处理生活污水的试验研究

对间歇式活性污泥法对城市生活污水进行了试验研究.在试验中探讨了生物脱氮除磷的规律及对处理效果的影响.结果表明:在总停留时间控制在4.5～5.5 h,污泥负荷为0.14～0.26 kgBOD5/(kgMLSSd),进水BOD594.7～135.0 mg/l,CODcr186～266.7 mg/l,NH4-N15.0～25.4 mg/l,TP5.6～7.1 mg/l条件下,达到了既去除有机物又能脱氮除磷的效果.出水BOD5浓度在6.63～17.05 mg/l,去除率达85%～93%;出水CODcr浓度在22.32～48.0 mg/l,去除率达82%～88%;出水NH4-N浓度在2.83～9.83 mg/l,去除率达53%～87%,出水TP浓度在0.1～0.45 mg/l,去除率达85%～99%.     

ICEAS反应器处理城市污水的试验研究

对ICEAS工艺的处理效果进行了研究,结果表明,ICEAS既能去除污水中的有机物,还能达到脱氮除磷的效果,出水COD浓度为15 2～42 2mg·L-1,COD总去除率可达80%～88%;出水BOD5浓度为5 12～16 90mg·L-1,总去除率可达85%～93%;出水氨氮浓度为4 5～7 5mg·L-1,总去除率为60%～70%,磷的去除率为60%～75%.     

间歇式活性污泥处理工艺及应用

阐述了间歇式活性污泥处理(SBR)工艺的基本原理、工艺特点。应用间歇式循环延时曝气活性污泥法(ICEAS)对某污水处理厂城市污水进行处理,处理结果为COD质量浓度去除率为89.1%,BOD5质量浓度去除率为96.5%,总氮质量浓度去除率为60.2%,总磷质量浓度去除率为84.3%,达到出水水质要求。     

压力变化对活性污泥脱氮除磷效能的影响

曝气压力对活性污泥工艺的运行效能具有较大影响,通过改变曝气压力,考察了活性污泥系统中硝化反硝化、生物除磷等过程的性能变化,论述了曝气压力变化对活性污泥脱氮除磷的强化效果.试验结果表明,恒定高压力曝气和高压变压力曝气均可强化活性污泥对水中污染物的高效快速降解效能.恒定曝气压力下,在0.5~0.7 MPa左右时,污染物的去除效果最优,COD在3 h内降解至100mg/L以下,去除率大于80%,出水氨氮在15 mg/L以下,去除率在60%以上,出水TP在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率约为95%.高压变曝气压力下,当压力变化间隔为20 min,即总运行时长为140 min时,污染物下降趋势最明显,出水COD约为100 mg/L左右,去除率大于60%,出水氨氮约20 mg/L左右,去除率约为50%,TP低于0.5mg/L,去除率高于95%.     

曝气生物滤池前置反硝化去除COD、NH4+-N和总氮研究

为了满足出水总氮的要求,采用前置反硝化工艺完成脱氮过程。本文对曝气生物滤池前置反硝化工艺脱氮、去除COD的工艺性能进行研究,结果表明,系统对COD的去除主要发生在好氧柱,好氧柱出水基本比较稳定,系统出水COD浓度始终保持在50mg/L以下,COD去除率在83%以上;系统对氨氮有较高的去除效果,出水氨氮浓度低于4mg/L,去除率在80%以上;系统对总氮的去除率在40～50%之间。系统对总氮的去除率不高。     

大蒜切片废水处理的组合工艺实验研究

研究填料厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)—活性污泥—水生植物的组合工艺处理大蒜切片加工废水的运行特点.结果表明:填料ABR单元的最佳HRT为20 h,有机负荷小于COD 7.8 kg/(m3.d)为宜,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率可达92.5%;活性污泥法单元的最佳HRT为12 h,进水有机负荷宜保持在COD 0.8~1.2 kg/(m3.d)之间,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率为81.0%;水生植物单元的最佳HRT为3.5 d,在此最佳HRT下,COD的去除率为42.6%.该组合工艺COD总去除率保持在99.37%~99.42%之间,出水的COD浓度为38~41 mg/L,出水水质能稳定达到国家一级A排放标准.     

悬浮好氧生物膜A2O工艺处理城市污水的试验研究

为了解决A2O工艺生物脱氮除磷不稳定、出水氮磷难以达标的问题,在A2O工艺好氧段添加悬浮式生物填料以保证高质量浓度的硝化细菌及高硝化率.考察不同COD与总氮质量浓度比x、旁流比对工艺脱氮和除磷的影响.此外,在COD与总氮质量浓度比较低条件下对装置进行了改装,即在厌氧段前添加了一段预缺氧段,使其达到深度脱氮除磷的效果.试验结果表明:当进水x=3.6～8.1,COD,TN和TP去除率根据硝化液回流比的不同而不同,x和硝化液回流比越高,出水硝态氮越低;当x为8.1,硝化液回流比为300％时,脱氮除磷效果最好,其出水硝态氮质量浓度仅为4.23 mg/L.当COD与总氮质量浓度比较低时,TP的去除率较低,当x＞4.5时,磷的去除率几乎为100％.A2O系统中生物膜硝化作用占总硝化作用的81.6％,而活性污泥硝化作用只占18.4％.这说明生物膜具有良好的硝化作用.     

包埋活性污泥和反硝化污泥短程硝化反硝化脱氮

以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.     

分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺理论及其应用

在分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺(ECOSUNIDE)中,以统一动力学为理论基础,对动力学方程进行了分析,并对分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺进行了工程性试验.研究表明,分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统比另一组未改造的A2/O系统可多处理水量4 500 m3/d,具有明显的水量优势。在低温、低碳源条件下,分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统出水BOD,COD和氨氮质量浓度分别稳定在6,25和1.9 mg/L左右,满足国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918—2002)一级A出水标准,其他指标稳定达到一级B出水标准。通过对分点进水高效除磷脱氮与A2/O系统内的活性污泥进行镜检分析比较,发现分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统内的活性污泥性状较好,生物相更丰富,污泥菌胶团颜色较深,较紧密,絮体边缘较清晰,丝状菌明显.     

生物接触氧化法处理印染废水暨活性污泥中微生物种群的研究

本文主要总结、介绍西北第一印染厂利用生物接触氧化法处理印染废水的情况.该方法兼有活性污泥法与生物膜法两者之优点。它利用强化供氧,促进微生物对污染物的降解,来提高处理效率。具有污泥量少、工艺简单、运行管理方便;同时还可避免活性污泥膨胀及其所引起的出水水质不稳定。处理效果好,出水PH值在7.0—8.0,BOD去除率达80—90％,COD去除率达50—70％。该法生物相丰富,经分离鉴定,活性污泥中的微生物主要有动胶杆菌等八属细菌和钟虫等七类原生动物.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to