杂色鲍后消化道生长相关基因HdEGF1的研究

附着变态是许多海洋无脊椎动物幼体生长发育的一个必经过程,是幼体性状消失而成体性状展开的关键阶段.报道了与附着变态密切相关的杂色鲍HdEGF1基因的克隆、序列分析及其时空表达模式.运用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆了HdEGF1基因全长cDNA序列.该基因全长1 239bp,含1个343个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框(ORF),推测的蛋白序列包含3个Ca2+结合类表皮生长因子(EGF-CA)结构域和1个血管性血友病因子(vWFA)结构域.通过序列相似性比较,确定其为新型表皮生长因子1(EGF1)相关蛋白.荧光定量PCR(qPCR)结果显示HdEGF1基因在幼体附着后的表达量比附着前任一时期均高19倍以上;全胚原位杂交(WMISH)结果显示HdEGF1基因集中表达在变态后幼体后消化道的表皮细胞.HdEGF1基因的这种时空表达模式表明HdEGF1受严格的时空调控,直接参与了附着后杂色鲍幼体后消化道的生长和细胞分化.推测HdEGF1蛋白与某未知的vWFA-结合蛋白一道调控着杂色鲍幼体后消化道的空间走向.因此,HdEGF1蛋白很可能在后肠的形态建成中起着非常核心的作用.本研究为贝类肠道形态建成机制的深入研究提供了切入点,HdEGF1基因可以作为重要的标志分子,用于深入研究肠道形态建成过程中的信号通路、细胞分化和细胞迁移.     

猪SOSC5和SOCS6基因克隆及组织表达研究

本文以长白猪(Landrace)大脑cDNA为模板,克隆得到长白猪细胞因子抑制因子SOCS-5基因和长白猪SOCS-6基因.序列分析结果显示:长白猪SOCS-5基因cDNA全长1688 bp,编码一个含有536个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、小鼠和大鼠的氨基酸序列一致性分别为97％、97％、94％和95％;SOCS-6基因cDNA全长1645 bp,编码一个含有535个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、小鼠和大鼠的氨基酸序列同源性分别为:92％,97％,85％,82％.氨基酸结构分析显示,长白猪SOCS-5和SOCS-6基因都具有典型的中央SH2结构域和C末端有40个氨基酸的SOCS Box结构域;组织表达图谱分析结果显示:长白猪SOCS5基因在大脑、心脏、脾脏、肌肉组织大量表达,在下丘脑、肝脏、肾脏、小肠中也有表达;SOCS6基因在大脑、下丘脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肌肉及小肠均大量表达.此外,本研究还将SOCS-5和SOCS-6基因编码区序列克隆转入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,为下一步功能验证做准备.     

猪SOSC1、SOCS3和SOCS4基因克隆及组织表达研究

本文以长白猪(Landrace)大脑cDNA为模板,克隆得到长白猪细胞因子抑制因子SOCS-3基因,并首次克隆得到长白猪SOCS-1和SOCS-4基因.此外,还利用长白猪基因组DNA为模板克隆得到SOCS-3假基因(pseudo-SOCS-3).序列分析显示:长白猪SOCS-1基因cDNA编码220个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、小鼠、大鼠和牛的氨基酸序列一致性分别为94％、91％、91％和94％;SOCS-3基因cDNA全长690 bp,编码229个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠和小鼠的氨基酸序列一致性高达94％以上;SOCS-4基因cDNA全长1404 bp,整个编码区没有内含子插入,编码441个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠和小鼠的氨基酸序列一致性分别为97％,89％和86％.氨基酸结构分析显示,长白猪SOCS-1,SOCS-3和SOCS-4基因都具有典型的中央SH2结构域和C末端有40个氨基酸的SOCS Box结构域;SOCS-4有长约285个氨基酸的N末端,且没有特殊的结合基序,其长末端存在的生理意义有待进一步研究.采用RT-PCR方法,对长白猪SOCS-1,SOCS-3和SOCS-4基因进行组织表达分析.结果显示它们在所有组织中都有表达.     

黑鲷NKCC1分子特征及其对急性盐度胁迫的表达响应

为了解黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)在盐度胁迫过程中的适应机制,本研究利用基因扩增、聚类分析、荧光定量PCR等技术对NKCC1基因进行生物信息学分析以及在不同组织中的表达特征研究,并探讨其在急性盐度胁迫下的表达机制。结果表明NKCC1基因的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF)为3 504 bp,共编码1 167个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为127.19 kDa,理论等电点为5.75。结构域分析表明黑鲷NKCC1分子为跨膜蛋白,并包含一个典型的Na~+-K~+-Cl~-共同转运蛋白SLC12A结构域,且在不同物种中具有很高的保守性;序列比对分析表明黑鲷NKCC1氨基酸序列与金头鲷NKCC1a的同源性最高,为97.8%;组织表达分析表明黑鲷NKCC1基因在所检测的12个组织,即肝脏、肾脏、心、脑、眼、鳃、鳍条、脾脏、皮肤、肠、性腺和白肌中均有表达,其中在肾脏、鳃和肠中表达量最高,并显著高于其他组织(P0.05);在低盐度胁迫下,NKCC1基因在鳃组织中的表达量对盐度变化响应十分迅速,而在肾脏组织中,低盐度和高盐度胁迫都会在不同时间点抑制NKCC1基因的表达量。综上所述,本研究为解析NKCC1基因在黑鲷调节渗透压和离子平衡过程中的功能机制奠定了基础,并为促进黑鲷养殖产业的可持续发展提供一定的技术理论。     

猪Akt1、Akt2基因克隆与组织表达图谱分析

为了得到长白猪蛋白激酶Akt1和Akt2基因序列并分析其表达模式,本研究使用RT-PCR方法,首先克隆了蛋白激酶Akt1和Akt2的cDNA.序列分析显示:长白猪Akt1基因的cDNA全长1461bp,编码具480个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白,其氨基酸序列与人,牛,大鼠,小鼠同源性达到97%以上.长白猪Akt2基因cDNA全长为1505bp,编码具481个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白,其氨基酸序列与人,牛,大鼠,小鼠的同源性高达97%以上.SMART分析表明,猪Akt1和Akt2蛋白均包含了与PI-3K结合的PH结构域及2个具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S_TKc结构域.RT-PCR检测结果显示:Akt1mRNA在垂体、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉组织中高表达,在大脑、小脑、肾脏表达丰度较低.Akt2则在小脑、垂体、心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肌肉组织中高表达,而在大脑和肾脏中表达丰度较低.     

蒙古鮊ob基因的克隆与组织表达特异性的初步研究

根据已知的人和鼠ob基因序列设计引物,通过运用RT-PCR技术首次从蒙古鮊脂肪组织的RNA中扩增获得ob基因片段,并经序列分析证实为ob基因编码区438 bp的序列.不同物种同源性比较表明ob基因序列具有很高的保守性:蒙古鮊与人、猪和鼠的ob基因核苷酸编码序列的同源性分别为82.9%、84.0%和99.1%;蒙古鮊ob基因编码的蛋白leptin氨基酸序列与人、猪和鼠氨基酸同源性分别为80.8%、78.8%和95.9%.用RT-PCR技术分析组织ob基因的表达特异性,结果表明:ob基因在脂肪和肝脏组织中的表达量最大,在心脏、脾脏、肌肉、脑、卵巢中的表达量次之,在肾脏中仅微量表达,而在精巢和肠道组织中则不表达.     

意大利蜜蜂AmCht11基因的克隆鉴定和发育时期表达分析

【目的】克隆鉴定和定量PCR组织表达分析意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)几丁质酶AmCht11基因。【方法】克隆测序鉴定AmCht11基因序列,通过多重序列比对分析该基因编码的氨基酸序列特征和结构域组成;在线预测AmCht11蛋白的二级结构、三级结构以及相互作用靶蛋白,构建系统进化树分析该蛋白在几丁质酶家族中的分类和进化关系;实时定量PCR分析AmCht11基因的组织表达特征。【结果】AmCht11基因cDNA序列全长1404bp,编码468个氨基酸;预测AmCht11蛋白质相对分子质量为53.5kDa,等电点为7.21。多重序列比对和系统进化分析表明,AmCht11蛋白为几丁质酶GH18家族Group-Ⅷ亚家族成员,该蛋白的氨基酸序列N-端含有跨膜域,具典型的几丁质酶催化结构域,无结合结构域,也不具信号肽。进一步实时定量PCR分析表明,AmCht11基因表达量在意大利蜜蜂幼虫发育第2至第5日龄无明显波动,至幼虫后期第6日龄表达量明显上调。【结论】推测AmCht11基因与意大利蜜蜂幼虫发育后期的蜕皮有关。
     

酵母螺旋酶(YRF)基因的结构域及其基因家族的演化

以基因序列内所含较小的 ORF作为探测基因结构的亚单元 ,研究酵母螺旋酶蛋白(YRF)的主要结构域分布以及 YRF家族基因的演化特征 .研究表明 ,YRF基因有 2个较保守的主结构域 .此外 ,在酵母染色体 5′和 3′端有一些与 YRF基因同源性很高的已知 ORF,与YRF基因对比发现 ,这些 ORF是 YRF基因 2个主结构域分离或第 1主结构域内部分离的结果 ,分离位点均在各个亚单元之间发生 ,说明得到的亚单元序列在 YRF基因家族进化中具有很高的保守性     

牦牛UCP1基因生物学特性及组织表达分析

旨在克隆牦牛解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)基因序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析,进一步研究该基因在牦牛各组织的表达规律.以牦牛为实验对象,利用RT-PCR克隆得到牦牛UCP1基因全长序列,生物信息学分析牦牛CDS区,qPCR检测UCP1基因在牦牛不同组织中的表达模式.结果表明,UCP1基因全长为954 bp(GenBank No.MW345537),其中开放阅读框(Open reading frame, ORF)全长为942 bp,编码313个氨基酸.蛋白分子特性预测UCP1蛋白为不稳定疏水性蛋白,存在跨膜结构域以及多个磷酸化位点.二级结构和三级结构预测显示,UCP1蛋白由无规则卷曲、α螺旋和延伸链三者交替出现.牦牛UCP1基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与普通牛的相应序列相似度最高,同源性分别为97.63%和96.76%;与斑马鱼的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似度最低,分别为62.58%和64.29%.组织表达分析发现UCP1在牦牛心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脂肪、背肌、半腱肌中均有表达,但在肾中的表达量最高,肾与其他组织之间差异显著(P0.05).不同品种牦牛UCP1基因的差异表达分析发现,其在麦洼牦牛背最长肌、肝中的表达量均显著高于金川牦牛(P0.05和P0.0001).这些结果为丰富牦牛UCP1基因的功能研究提供了参考依据.     

牦牛雌激素受体ERα和ERβ基因分子特征及组织表达研究

为研究牦牛雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ)基因序列特征及其在不同组织中的表达差异.根据NCBI上已公布的普通牛ERα和ERβ基因序列,设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆麦洼牦牛ERα和ERβ基因序列,同时利用荧光定量PCR技术检测ERα和ERβ基因在牦牛不同组织的表达分布.结果表明,分别获得2 100 bp ERα(Gen Ban K登录号:KJ011123)和1 791 bp ERβ(Gen Ban K登录号:KJ011124)基因序列,其中ERα的ORF为1 658 bp,编码596个氨基酸,ERβ的ORF为1 584 bp,编码527个氨基酸.多重序列分析表明,牦牛ERα和ERβ与普通牛、原鸡、人、小鼠、大鼠、扬子鳄、蟾蜍及斑马鱼的氨基酸序列同源性分别为45.3%-99.5%和53.9%-99.1%.荧光定量PCR结果显示,ERα和ERβ基因在牦牛的各种组织中均有表达,且除睾丸外,ERα在输卵管、子宫及乳腺中的表达高于ERβ.此外,就ERα而言,ERα在牦牛乳腺中表达最高,子宫、输卵管及卵巢次之,心、肝、脾、肺、肾及睾丸相对表达较低.而牦牛ERβ基因在卵巢中表达最高,子宫和输卵管次之,心、肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸及乳腺表达较低.为进一步了解牦牛ERα和ERβ基因的生物学功能及其分子繁殖机制提供了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…