球头铣刀倾角对硬铝合金工件表面形貌的影响

基于运动齐次坐标的变换矩阵和矢量运算法则,结合多轴铣削的特点,在充分考虑刀具倾角变化的基础上,建立球头铣刀铣削过程中刀齿的运动轨迹方程,给出了加工表面形貌的仿真思路,并对仿真方法进行了优化.仿真分析了侧倾角和前倾角对表面形貌的影响规律,结果表明:刀具倾斜有利于提高表面质量,但是侧倾和前倾对表面形貌的影响规律不同,正向侧倾加工效果最好,负向侧倾加工效果最差;而正向前倾和负向前倾的加工效果基本一致,并且介于正向侧倾和负向侧倾之间;当侧倾角为10°~20°时或前倾角为±10°时加工表面粗糙度最小.分析结果对多轴铣削加工时刀具倾角的选择和调整具有较好的指导意义.     

铣削表面微观几何形貌仿真方法研究

通过表面微观几何形貌仿真,可以预测被加工表面粗糙度,为合理选用切削用量提供科学依据。以常见的球头铣刀、面铣刀、圆柱铣刀为例,研究了铣削表面微观几何形貌仿真建模方法,开发了相应的仿真软件系统。通过仿真分析与实验结果对比,证明所建立的仿真系统是可行、有效的。     

正交车铣表面形貌的计算机仿真

通过对正交车铣加工的数学建模,建立了正交车铣表面形貌的计算机仿真系统.利用该系统分别讨论了刀刃角、偏心量、进给量和转速比等因素对表面形貌的影响,得到以下结论:刀刃角为0°时,正交车铣加工表面为一正棱柱;刀刃角大于0°时,采用偏心加工的表面形貌比较好;采用合理的进给量,可以取得较好的表面形貌和较低的表面粗糙度;转速比越大,表面形貌越平坦,表面粗糙度越小.     

铣削加工中刀刃相位差与主轴运动误差对加工表面的影响

为了改善高速进给铣削加工时的表面花纹模式和降低表面粗糙度，采用切削实验和理论解析的方法，探讨了在切削过程中始终存在的刀刃相位差和回转偏心对加工表面的影响，得出如下结论：(1)垂直加工时，表面粗糙度远大于理论值，但不受刀刃相位差和回转偏心的影响；(2)倾斜加工时，刀刃相位差和回转偏心分别影响间歇进给方向和进给方向的表面花纹模式和表面粗糙度．当刀刃相位差和回转偏心约为零时，表面粗糙度接近最小值．如果再采用大的进给量，则加工面花纹以矩形形式整齐均匀排列，并且可以在不增大粗糙度的情况下大幅度提高加工效率；(3)当刀刃相位差和回转偏心大于零时，表面粗糙度有可能成倍增加．     

基于瞬时铣削力的球头铣刀铣削力系数辨识

面向多轴铣削加工的铣削力预测,提出了基于瞬时铣削力的球头铣刀铣削力系数辨识方法.首先建立了铣削过程中刀具的瞬时坐标系来准确描述多轴加工中刀具的位置和位姿,在此基础上建立了球头铣刀任意位置和位姿的通用铣削力模型,即建立了铣刀刀刃微元的切削弧长,刀刃微元的切削宽度和瞬时未变形切削厚度的数学模型.然后根据铣削力模型推导了基于瞬时铣削力的铣削力系数辨识模型.最后通过铣削力系数辨识实验和铣削力仿真计算,验证了方法的正确性和可靠性.     

二轴联动NC加工回转刀具的几个问题

介绍了回转铣刀刃口曲线与二轴联动ＮＣ进给速度设计、实得沟槽等通用数学模型,并结合球头和带角圆两类铣刀进行了计算机模拟和后处理,为这类铣刀二轴联动ＮＣ加工提供了依托。     

高速铣削加工中进给量和进给间隔对表面粗糙度的影响

高速铣削时，进给量和进给间隔不仅是影响加工表面粗糙度的重要几何因素，同时也是影响切削效率的重要因素．通过理论解析的方法，讨论了使用球头铣刀的垂直加工中，进给量和进给间隔对表面粗糙度的影响，给出了表面粗糙度的计算公式，并提出了通过改变进给间隔和进给量，提高加工效率而不增大表面粗糙度的加工方法．     

基于点云的超精密铣削加工三维表面形貌仿真

基于刀刃扫掠点点云方式,提出一种超精密加工三维表面形貌模型.通过对加工部分刀刃在加工过程中的运动学描述,将三维表面形貌用离散点云数据表达.根据加工曲面信息和采样点数目对仿真区域进行划分并建立随动包容盒,对包容盒内数据进行数值分析和空间变换计算以获得工件三维表面形貌.算法仿真与表面轮廓仪测量结果表明：该仿真算法能够表征超精密铣削加工下工件表面双向残留高度特征,并体现出刀具切入相位角对表面形貌的影响,为三维表面形貌超精密加工提供了一种新的思路.     

用密切曲率法加工自由曲面及刀位轨迹的排列

采用中凹的盘形铣刀取代传统的球头铣刀，在第五行程中让刀具运动形成的包络面与被加工表面之间在垂直于进给方向的法截面中达到三阶密切，从而大幅度减少了走刀次数，增加了切削宽度，提高了加工效率，文中给出了边界不受限制的单张曲面的刀位及刀具轨迹的计算方法。     

用密切曲率法加工自由曲面及其刀位轨迹的排列

采用中凹的盘形铣刀取代传统的球头铣刀，在每一行程中让刀具运动形成的包络面与被加工表面之间在垂直于进给方向的法截面中达到三阶密切，从而大幅度减少了走刀次数，增加了切削宽度，提高了加工效率．文中给出了边界不受限制的单张曲面的刀位及刀具轨迹的计算方法．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.