Production of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas mendocina 0806 from Related and Unrelated Carbon Sources

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｌｙｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｌｋａｎｏａｔｅｓ (ＰＨＡｓ)ａｒｅａｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｂｉｏｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｓｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｂａｃｔｅｒｉａａｓｃａｒｂｏｎａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｓｔｏｒａｇｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ[1,2 ] .ＡｔｔｅｍｐｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＰＨＡｓｆｏｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｓｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｌｅｐｌａｓｔｉｃｓ[3 5] .ＰＨＡｓｃａｎｂｅｂｒｏａｄｌｙｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｇ…     

以乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源的活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的结构分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)是临时储藏于活性污泥的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚合物,是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料.为了研究碳源对PHAs结构的影响,本文采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源在厌氧条件下培养活性污泥得到2种不同的PHAs样品,通过1H NMR、13C NMR和GC-MS谱图确定其组成和比例以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成以3-羟基丁酸酯(3-hydroxybutyrate,3HB)为主,x(3HB)/x(3HV)(3-hydroxyvalerate,3-羟基戊酸酯)为93.91∶6.09;以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成主要以3HV为主,除3HB、3HV外,另外还有2-甲基-3-羟基丁酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate,2M3HB)和2-甲基-3-羟基戊酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate,2M3HV), 3HB/3HV/2M3HB/2M3HV的摩尔比为28.66∶63.13∶2.55∶5.66.由此可见采用不同碳源培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs的单体组成是不同的.     

恶臭假单胞菌由辛酸积累PHA的初步研究

恶臭假单胞菌可以利用辛酸为唯一碳源合成中链聚 3 羟基烷酸 (mclPHA)。在摇瓶条件下 ,对辛酸钠浓度、初始 pH、限制营养因子、通气量对菌体细胞生长和PHA积累影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,对菌体生长而言 ,辛酸钠的最适浓度和最适初始 pH分别为 1.2～ 1.3%和 7.0 ,限制NH 4 可以获得PHA的最大积累量 ,高达细胞干重的 74 %。限制通气量有利于PHA合成     

降解苯酚细菌的分离及其生理特性研究

从工业废水中分离到两株可以降解苯酚的细菌，初步确定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),分别命名为C1和C2，菌株C1和C2都能在以苯酚为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中生长，并且确立了它们的最适培养条件。在苯酚浓度适宜的条件下，不同氮源对于苯酚的降解效率有一定的影响．     

溴氰菊酯降解菌Pseudomonas sp.P1-1-B3产酶条件的优化

农药降解酶对去除农药残留污染具有良好的应用前景.从海洋沉积物中筛选到一株高产溴氰菊酯降解酶的菌株Pseudomonas sp.P1-1-B3,研究了碳源、氮源、pH值、培养温度、培养时间、接种量及溴氰菊酯对菌株产酶的影响.结果表明,降解菌产酶的最适条件为:以可溶性淀粉作为碳源,m(蛋白胨):m(酵母浸膏)=2:1为氮源,pH 7.5,温度30℃,培养时间2 d,接种量3%,溴氰菊酯含量15μmol/L.在此条件下,菌株产酶的比活力最大为113.3 U/mg.该降解酶对溴氰菊酯的降解,在12 h内降解率达54.6%.     

Evolution of a new enzyme for carbon disulphide conversion by an acidothermophilic archaeon

Extremophilic organisms require specialized enzymes for their exotic metabolisms. Acid-loving thermophilic Archaea that live in the mudpots of volcanic solfataras obtain their energy from reduced sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) and carbon disulphide (CS(2)). The oxidation of these compounds into sulphuric acid creates the extremely acidic environment that characterizes solfataras. The hyperthermophilic Acidianus strain A1-3, which was isolated from the fumarolic, ancient sauna building at the Solfatara volcano (Naples, Italy), was shown to rapidly convert CS(2) into H(2)S and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), but nothing has been known about the modes of action and the evolution of the enzyme(s) involved. Here we describe the structure, the proposed mechanism and evolution of a CS(2) hydrolase from Acidianus A1-3. The enzyme monomer displays a typical β-carbonic anhydrase fold and active site, yet CO(2) is not one of its substrates. Owing to large carboxy- and amino-terminal arms, an unusual hexadecameric catenane oligomer has evolved. This structure results in the blocking of the entrance to the active site that is found in canonical β-carbonic anhydrases and the formation of a single 15-?-long, highly hydrophobic tunnel that functions as a specificity filter. The tunnel determines the enzyme's substrate specificity for CS(2), which is hydrophobic. The transposon sequences that surround the gene encoding this CS(2) hydrolase point to horizontal gene transfer as a mechanism for its acquisition during evolution. Our results show how the ancient β-carbonic anhydrase, which is central to global carbon metabolism, was transformed by divergent evolution into a crucial enzyme in CS(2) metabolism.     

新型含肉桂酸酯基团液晶单体的合成及其热性能

设计并合成了一种含肉桂酸酯基团的新型液晶单体(E)-4-(3-甲氧基烯丙基)苯酚-4′-(己氧基)苯甲酸酯(M),并利用紫外光辐照使M发生光二聚反应生成二聚物(Dimer)。用FT-IR及1H-NMR对M及Dimer的结构进行了表征,并用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及偏光显微镜(POM)对它们的热性能进行了测试。结果表明,M及Dimer在升温过程中均可形成液晶相、并且所形成的织构为纹影织构;二者的纹影织构中均同时出现了四重刷子及二重刷子缺陷,表明它们所形成的液晶相为向列相。     

廉州湾红树林大型底栖动物食物来源研究

【目的】了解可能性食物源对红树林大型底栖动物的贡献率。【方法】利用碳氮稳定同位素技术,对广西廉州湾红树林大型底栖动物及可能性食物源的碳、氮同位素比值(δ~(13) C值、δ~(15) N值)进行分析,并通过贝叶斯稳定同位素混合模型,估算不同食物源对大型底栖动物的贡献率。【结果】大型底栖动物的δ~(13) C值为-23.37‰~-18.09‰,δ~(15) N值为6.59‰~17.00‰,δ~(13) C值、δ~(15) N值的变化范围较大,表明大型底栖动物食物来源较为复杂多样。7种可能性食物源的δ~(13) C值为-29.09‰~-21.53‰,δ~(15) N值为6.85‰~15.67‰,其中红树植物的δ~(13) C值最为贫化。大型底栖动物的营养级别均小于3,表明它们基本属于初级消费者。SIAR混合模型计算结果显示,颗粒有机物(POM)对大型底栖动物有较高的贡献率,其次为表层沉积物(SOM),大型藻类、附生植物的贡献率较低,红树植物叶片、落叶、树皮对大型底栖动物的贡献率最低。【结论】POM、SOM是广西廉州湾红树林大型底栖动物重要的食物源,红树植物不是大型底栖动物碳的主要来源。     

CO_2吸附强化模拟生物油重整制氢的实验研究

选用Ce-Ni/Co作催化剂、由醋酸钙煅烧制得的Ca O作重整催化剂、CO2吸附剂,进行模拟生物油吸附强化蒸汽重整制氢的研究.实验结果表明:在相同温度、M(S)/M(C)(加入水蒸气的摩尔质量与生物油模化物中碳的摩尔质量之比)条件下,吸附剂的加入有利于提高氢气摩尔分数和氢气产率;添加吸附剂后,随着温度的升高,氢气摩尔分数、氢气产率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在700℃时达到最大;随着M(S)/M(C)的增加,氢气摩尔分数先增大后减小,在M(S)/M(C)=9时氢气摩尔分数达到最大,而氢气产率则在M(S)/M(C)超过9后变化不大;随着M(Ca O)/M(C)(加入的氧化钙的摩尔质量与生物油模化物中碳的摩尔质量之比)的增加,氢气摩尔分数逐渐增大,达到M(Ca O)/M(C)=3后几乎不变,氢气产率则先增大后减小,在M(Ca O)/M(C)=3时达到最大;温度=700℃,M(S)/M(C)=9,M(Ca O)/M(C)=3为模拟生物油重整制氢的最佳条件,在此条件下氢气摩尔分数、氢气产率分别达到92.2%,84.1%.     

哒螨酮在甲醇中的光解

以氙灯为光源，农药哒螨酮在甲醇溶剂中的光解动力学符合一级动力学规律，通空气对哒螨酮的光解速率影响不大，而通氮气时可明显促进其光解，产物分析表明，哒螨酮在甲醇中光解断裂碳硫键，生成对叔丁基苯乙烷－2特丁基－4－巯基－4－氯哒嗪－3－醇，前可进一步氧化成对叔丁基苯甲酸和对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯。     

Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Consisting of Short-chain-length Monomers and Medium-chain-length Monomers by Pseudomonas YS1

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｌｙｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｌｋａｎｏａｔｅｓ(ＰＨＡｓ)ａｒｅａｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｂｉｏｐｏｌｙｅｓｔｅｒｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ[1,2 ] .ＡｍｏｎｇＰＨＡｓ ,ｐｏｌｙｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｂｕｔｙｒａｔｅｏｒＰＨＢｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｍｅｍｂｅｒ[3] .ＡｔｔｅｍｐｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＰＨＡｓ[4 7] .Ｂｉｏｐｏｌ,ａｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉ…     

基于金纳米棒/多壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖复合膜电极的肌红蛋白直接电化学和电催化研究

采用金纳米棒(AuNRs)/多壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖(MWCNTs-Chit)复合膜促进肌红蛋白在电极上的直接电子转移,并用于构建H2O2生物传感器.首先将金纳米棒固定到玻碳电极表面,然后把MWCNTs-Chit分散溶液和肌红蛋白(Mb)固载到玻碳电极上,得到MWCNTs-Chit/Mb/AuNRs复合膜电极.通过循环伏安法对膜电极进行表征,在pH=7.0磷酸缓冲溶液中,Mb表现出一对峰形良好且可逆的氧化还原峰,其中氧化峰和还原峰电位分别为-0.291 V、-0.235 V,式电位(Eθ’)为-0.263 V.与此同时还探讨了修饰电极的电催化活性,结果表明其对H2O2具有良好的电催化还原作用,可作为检测H2O2的生物传感器.传感器对H2O2的米氏常数为0.0494 mM,线性范围为5.0×10-5～5.0×10-3M(R=0.986 7,n=10),检测限为3.2×10-6M(信噪比为3).     

温和气单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

利用细胞融合技术建立了5株分泌抗温和气单胞菌CR79-1-1株单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞系,通过特异性鉴定获得两株与参考菌株中的温和气单胞菌发生反应,但与嗜水气单胞菌以及鳗弧菌、爱德华氏菌、克鲁氏耶尔森菌、大肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌均不反应的杂交瘤细胞系,分别命名为2G3和1A4.快速酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测得2G3和1A4的亲和常数分别为1.72×108和5×108M-1;应用方阵配对实验证实,2株单抗针对特异性抗原上不同表位.     

Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO(2)

Carbon sequestration in soil organic matter may moderate increases in atmospheric CO(2) concentrations (C(a)) as C(a) increases to more than 500 micromol mol(-1) this century from interglacial levels of less than 200 micromol mol(-1) (refs 1 6). However, such carbon storage depends on feedbacks between plant responses to C(a) and nutrient availability. Here we present evidence that soil carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in a grassland ecosystem are much more responsive to increases in past C(a) than to those forecast for the coming century. Along a continuous gradient of 200 to 550 micromol mol(-1) (refs 9, 10), increased C(a) promoted higher photosynthetic rates and altered plant tissue chemistry. Soil carbon was lost at subambient C(a), but was unchanged at elevated C(a) where losses of old soil carbon offset increases in new carbon. Along the experimental gradient in C(a) there was a nonlinear, threefold decrease in nitrogen availability. The differences in sensitivity of carbon storage to historical and future C(a) and increased nutrient limitation suggest that the passive sequestration of carbon in soils may have been important historically, but the ability of soils to continue as sinks is limited.     

几个二价稀土金属配合物的催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合反应活性研究

研究了二价稀土金属配合物(η5:η1-C9H6CH2CH2CH2NMe2)2YbII(1),[{η5:η5:η1-(C9H5CH2SiMe2NC4H8)2}EuI2I(μ-Cl)]2[μ-η3:η5:η1:η3:η5:η1-(C9H5CH2SiMe2NC4H8)2].C7H8.(C6H6)0.5(2),and[η5:η1-C9H6CH2SiMe2NC4H8]2YbII(3)催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合活性.探索了催化剂与MMA单体摩尔比、溶剂的极性、温度对MMA聚合反应的影响.     

The secretion of lecithinase of Pseudomonas alcaligenes S2 was via type II secretion pathway

Phosphorus is one of the major essential macronutrients for virtually metabolic processes in plant growth and de-velopment[1]. This creates a paradox with major agro-nomic implications since the phosphate form of phospho-rus is one of the least soluble mineral nutrient ions in the soil. The concentration of soluble phosphorus in soil is usually very low, normally at levels of 1 ppm or less (10 mol/L H2PO4?). Mineral forms of phosphorus are repre-sented in soil by primary minerals, such as ap…     

塔里木盆地塔东英南2气藏气源分析

英南2凝析气藏天然气属富氮湿气,烃类气体体积分数一般为78.86%~87.67%;甲烷68.92%~76.67%,重烃气体为9.17%~14.01%,非烃气体氮气为13.89%~21.07%,甲烷和乙烷的碳同位素分别为-38.6‰~-36.2‰和-30.9‰~-34.7‰.根据天然气组分、天然气碳同位素的特征,认为英南2凝析气藏的天然气来源于高过成熟的下古生界海相寒武系—下奥陶统腐泥型干酪根形成的原油裂解气,同时应用ln(C2/C3)-ln(C1/C2)及δ13C2-δ13C3与ln(C2/C3)判识模式也印证了英南2气藏气源为原油裂解气,气藏凝析油中存在高含量的金刚烷,指示原油经历了裂解,裂解程度为80%~90%.     

含有扭曲晶界相手性液晶AEMBB的合成

根据具有强扭曲的扭曲晶界相(TGB)理论,设计并合成了一种含有TGBC*相态的手性液晶单体(+)4-(2-丙烯酰氧基)乙氧基苯甲酰氧基-[4′-(2-甲基)丁氧基]联苯酯(AEMBB).通过红外光谱分析反应物的羧酸基和羟基峰的消失判断反应完成;通过核磁共振确定各氢原子位置以确定目标产物的实现;并通过偏光显微镜和DSC研究了目标产物的液晶性能和相转变类型.结合偏光显微镜和DSC证明单体AEMBB存在胆甾、扭曲晶界和手性近晶C等多种相态,为互变液晶.     

聚1-[3’-(N-吡咯)丙基]-3-丁基咪唑离子液体膜电极测定双酚A

合成了1-[3＇-（N-吡咯）丙基]-3-丁基咪唑离子液体,采用电位阶跃技术制备了该离子液体聚合物膜修饰玻碳电极,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和交流阻抗谱（EIS）表征了该膜修饰电极的表面形貌和电化学性能,通过伏安法研究了双酚A在该膜修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明：双酚A在聚离子液体膜修饰电极上只有一个不可逆氧化峰,氧化峰峰电流比在裸玻碳电极上显著增强.峰电流与双酚A浓度在1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L之间线性关系良好,检出限为8.0×10-9mol/L（S/N=3）.该法可用于测定塑料瓶中双酚A.     

反相微乳液制备无单体残留阳离子聚丙烯酰胺

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)水溶液为水相,失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span80)/聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯(Tween60)/异构烷烃Isopar M为油相,过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠((NH4)2S2O8/Na HSO3)为引发剂,在40℃进行反相微乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DMDAAC).通过红外光谱(IR)、液相色谱(LC)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共聚物结构、丙烯酰胺单体残留量及表面形貌进行表征分析.结果表明,在40℃,HLB值为8.5,AM与DMDAAC质量比为8∶2,引发剂占单体总质量的0.7%,乳化剂占油相总质量的25%时,得稳定透明的微乳液,产物为无单体残留阳离子聚丙烯酰胺共聚物,阳离子度为30%.