利用瞬态法提取岩样非Darcy流渗透特性

建立了一种测定岩样非Darcy流渗透特性试验系统的动力学模型.基于岩样两端孔隙压差的时间序列,利用差分计算或曲线拟合得到渗流速度及其变化率的时间序列.通过线性回归,得到岩样的Forchheimer非Darcy流渗透特性,即渗透率、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数.试验结果表明,无论岩样处于峰前还是峰后应力状态,岩样中的渗流都不服从Darcy定律;当非Darcy流β因子为正时,非Darcy流的渗透率κ小于Darcy流的渗透率κD;渗透率(κ和κD)、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数可近似表示为应变的幂指数函数;三种渗透特性中的每两种整体上存在幂指数关系;在加载的初始阶段,由于孔隙和微裂隙的压缩和闭合,渗透率随应变减小,而非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数随应变增大;随后,由于裂隙的扩展,岩样的渗透率迅速增大,而非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数迅速减小,并在峰值应力附近达各自的极值;由于围压的作用,峰后应力状态下岩样的渗透特性随应变的变化缓慢.图3,参18.     

深埋高围压高水压下低渗透岩石的渗透特性

为了探讨深埋高围压条件下低渗透岩石的渗透特性,取锦屏二级水电站大理岩试样分别进行不同围压条件下全应力—应变过程渗流试验。根据试验结果分析得出:岩石渗透系数变化与体积变形密切相关。因此,采用变形相关的渗透系数来研究岩石在破坏前后不同阶段的渗透系数与体积应变的关系。对于低渗透岩石,在峰前阶段渗透系数变化不明显,峰后破坏阶段渗透系数显著增大。高围压使岩石破坏延迟,岩石峰前阶段的低渗透特性表现的更持久。用变形相关的渗透系数模拟岩体流—固耦合问题更符合实际工程。     

破碎岩石非Darcy流的渗透特性试验研究

一种破碎岩石渗透特性试验专用装置与MTS试验系统结合，可以获得非Darcy流的渗透特性(渗透率和非Darcy流β因子)。介绍该装置的构造、破碎岩石非Darcy流的渗透特性试验方法和特点，得到破碎岩石压实过程中渗透特性与载荷、颗粒直径的回归关系及在某一特定载荷作用下，渗透特性ρβ与破碎岩石颗粒直径成线性关系的结果。这种试验技术对于采矿、土木、水利和交通工程具有重要的实际意义。     

高瓦斯矿煤样非Darcy流的MTS渗透性试验

为了获得某高瓦斯矿煤岩非Darcy流渗透特性,从该矿采集煤样,制作成标准煤样.利用MTS815-02型岩石力学试验系统采用全程位移控制进行了全应力应变过程数控瞬态渗透法试验,计算出了在4MPa围压,15MPa/m孔压时,煤样在不同应变下非Darcy流渗透率、非Darcy流β因子、加速度系数及渗流稳定性指数,并给出了发生渗流失稳所需的压力梯度.研究表明:该煤样具有较强的脆性,在应变保持过程中表现出较大的松弛性能;在全应力应变过程中,该煤样的峰值应力前渗透率比较低,峰值应力后渗透率增大幅度很大;在应变增大过程中,煤样非Darcy流β因子几乎均为负值;煤样的渗流稳定性指数χ的负值只出现在峰值应力后.其渗流失稳灾害表现为瓦斯从煤岩体裂隙涌出甚至发生瓦斯喷出.图5,表1,参8.     

三维应力下破碎砂岩渗透特性试验研究

承压破碎岩体中非稳态渗流是引起多种动力灾害发生的重要因素之一。利用自主研发的破碎岩石三轴渗透试验系统,考虑围压挤出的渗透液总量对碎石孔隙度的影响,进行了三维应力下5~10 mm粒径破碎砂岩的渗透试验,得到了不同轴向压缩位移、不同围压下试样的渗透特性变化规律。结果表明:不同轴向位移下,试样孔隙度随围压的升高呈对数减小,其渗透率随围压的变化逐渐减小,且各自差异性逐渐缩小;同一围压下,随轴向压缩位移增加,孔隙度、渗透率逐渐趋于一个稳定值,其中渗透率量级在10-11~10-13m2之间,表现为试样的孔隙连通性减弱,整体结构趋于稳定;非Darcy流β因子随围压的增加呈非线性增长,其中非Darcy流β因子的量级在108~1011m-1之间,试样原有级配改变明显,非Darcy流β因子增长趋势受有效毛细管数目及其孔径大小的影响,毛细管孔径减小导致渗透液与毛细管壁的相对接触面积增加。该试验结果为可控围压下破碎岩石中的渗流研究提供参考。     

突出矿煤岩微孔隙特征及其渗透特性

从煤与瓦斯突出矿采集煤样,通过扫描电镜对其微结构和孔隙裂隙特征进行了观测。利用MTS815.02型岩石力学实验系统进行了3块标准煤样全应力应变过程的电液伺服试验,给出了主应力差、煤样渗透率、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数与轴向应变关系曲线。研究表明:该突出矿煤样结构不均一,以粒状、网状、片状结构为主,也可见到鳞片状和压扭性结构;在煤样破坏过程中,由于围压的作用,全应力应变过程中煤样的渗透率随着应变的增大而发生变化,但其变化不很显著;非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数趋势相同,非Darcy流β因子均为负值。     

气体渗流系统的失稳及其概率应用

为研究煤体受采动作用后，其渗透特性的变化。采用一种专利装置与MTS815．02型岩石力学试验系统相结合，得到峰后煤样在各种应变下的渗透特性（渗透率和非Darcy流β因子）及统计指标（均值和均方差）。对煤矿瓦斯突出发生的概率进行计算和分析。试验研究表明。煤的渗透特性不是确定的，而是服从某种分布的随机变量，瓦斯突出是否发生具有随机性，随着煤体应变的增加，瓦斯突出发生的概率迅速增加。     

某突出矿煤岩非Darcy流渗流稳定性实验研究

为了获得煤岩非Darcy流渗透特性,利用MTS-02型岩石力学试验系统采用全程位移控制对煤与瓦斯突出矿煤样进行了全应力应变过程数控瞬态渗透法试验。计算出煤样破坏过程中不同应变下非Darcy流渗透率、非Darcy流β因子、加速度系数及渗流稳定性指数,并给出发生渗流失稳所需的压力梯度。研究表明:该突出矿煤样的渗流稳定性指数χ的负值较多出现在峰值应力后并且其发生渗流失稳所需的压力梯度较大。     

变围压条件下低渗砂岩储层渗透率变化规律研究

试验研究了低渗透砂岩储层岩石的围压 -渗透率关系和围压 -松弛循环 -渗透率关系 ,试验结果表明 :随围压增加岩石的孔隙结构和骨架结构发生变化 ,引起岩石渗透率的下降 .通过对变围压条件下低渗透岩石渗透率变化规律分析 ,找到了一种新的表征围压 -渗透率关系的公式——指数函数线性组合 ,对 5个低渗透区块的 3 1组岩石样品试验数据进行对比和验证 ,该指数函数线性组合的拟合误差在± 5 %以内     

混合破碎岩样渗透特性试验研究

为研究混合破碎岩体内流体渗透规律,利用一套由液压泵、渗透仪以及DDL 600电子万能试验机等构成的破碎岩样渗透试验系统进行了混合破碎岩样渗透特性测定,分析了混合破碎岩样与单种破碎岩样渗透特性的差异.研究表明:混合破碎岩样较单种破碎岩样的非Darcy流特性更显著;随着孔隙度的增加,单种岩样较混合岩样渗透率的变化幅度大,且相同粒径不同岩性岩样的渗透率变化程度和变化趋势呈现较大差异;随着孔隙度的增加,混合岩样的非Darcy流β因子显现减小趋势,且混合岩样较其单种岩样非Darcy流β因子的大小因粒径不同而不同.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.