污泥回流与粉末炭组合工艺强化去除有机物

研究通过试验考察了污泥回流与粉末活性炭吸附组合工艺对浊度、DOC和UV254的强化去除效能。并对比考察该工艺与常规混凝沉淀、单独污泥回流工艺的处理效能．结果表明,混合污泥回流与粉末活性炭吸附联用可以将浊度、DOC和UV254的去除率分别提高至89．2％、52．7％和60．1％,比常规混凝沉淀分别高12．4％、33．3％和24．7％,对DOC和UV254的去除率比污泥回流与粉末活性炭联用分别高9．5％和5．9％．组合工艺对浊度和有机物去除效能的提高可能是由于污泥中氢氧化物沉淀的卷扫和吸附以及粉末活性炭吸附协同作用的结果．组合工艺处理后出水余铝质量浓度比原水略有升高,但比常规混凝沉淀后余铝质量浓度低,原水浊度对组合工艺去除浊度和有机物效果有较大影响,该工艺的适用范围为原水浊度不超过100ntu．     

蚕丝脱胶工艺条件的探讨

从食用的角度出发，对丝纺工业废丝进行脱胶处理，选择安全、廉价的碳酸氢钠作为脱胶剂，并利用计算机ＳＹＳＴＡＴ软件对脱胶条件进行了优化，得出最佳工艺条件为：碳酸氢钠浓度为０．６％，脱胶温度为８８℃，脱胶时间为３９ｍｉｎ，在此条件下，丝胶脱除率为９９．６％，而丝素未受任何损伤，同时，用凝胶过滤色谱测定了丝胶蛋白的分子量分布，发现丝胶蛋白的分子量较大且分布范围较广，从１５００００至３０００００，位于外层的丝胶蛋白分子量较内层小．     

污泥中重金属的生物沥滤及其机理分析

为解决污泥农用的主要障碍之一——污泥中重金属含量超标的问题，采用生物法对污泥中的重金属沥滤进行了研究．试验结果表明，在土著硫杆菌的作用下，可使污泥中的Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb分别有77．7％、80．3％、54．1％、38．5％、71．6％和26．4％溶出；而硫氧化成硫酸可使污泥中的总大肠菌群大量减少．污泥经生物沥滤后，其重金属含量大大低于污泥农用质量标准．     

吸附分离辅助下污水污泥的电脱水技术

电脱水（EDW）技术是一种污水污泥深度脱水技术，有利于降低干化过程中的热能消耗．以电脱水阴极侧水分的分离方式为研究重点，通过添加吸水材料，将水分由重力分离转变为吸附分离来提高脱水效率．同时，考察了电压和机械压力等操作条件的影响，并给出了不同工况组合的脱水效果．结果表明，添加吸水材料后，污泥最终含水率及脱水能耗明显降低，且选择合适的电压、机械压力及阴极形式对电脱水有利．在50V、21kPa条件下对于阴极58gm（250目）不锈钢网，电脱水90S可将污泥含水率由82．7％降至56．10％．     

两性聚丙烯酰胺在污泥脱水中的应用

由丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物进行曼尼兹反应，制备出两性高分子累凝剂CPMA，研究了它在污泥脱水中的絮凝特性。实验结果表明，向生化处理产生的剩余污泥中投加相当于污泥量0．8％的CPMA，在5×10－2Pa真空度下过滤，污泥含水率由99．3％下降为69％，污泥体积降为原体积的1／44，燃烧热值提高44．3倍，污泥比阻下降，且滤液澄清，透光性好。     

污泥超声破解预处理的影响因素分析

通过投加自由基消除剂NaHCO3屏蔽自由基氧化作用的方法，研究了超声破解污泥的主要途径以及各途径对超声破解污泥的贡献．根据超声破解污泥的动力学模型，得出了各因素对超声破解污泥的影响程度．结果发现，声能密度为0．096W／mL时，超声破解污泥的主要作用力是水力剪切力，羟基氧化几乎不起作用；声能密度为0．384W／mL时，水力剪切力与自由基氧化在超声破解污泥反应中所占的比例分别为80．85％与19．15％；声能密度为0．72W／mL时，水力剪切力与自由基氧化在超声破解污泥反应中所占的比例分别为74．14％与25．86％．所以，超声破解污泥的主要作用途径是水力剪切力的机械作用．由溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)增加值为因变量的动力学模型可知，在各影响因素中，pH值对超声破解污泥的效果影响最大．     

超声辅助污泥脱水的研究

为了研究超声对污泥脱水性能的影响，在污泥板框压滤实验中，利用超声结合絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）处理污泥的方法，对比了有无超声对污泥压滤脱水的效果。研究结果表明：超声可以降低污泥含水率，使其从最初含水率近98％减少到81％，污泥的体积减少为最初的1／10。超声声强为410W／m^2、超声处理时N2．5 min为较优处理条件；同时絮凝剂的使用量，从0．7％（干基）降至0．6％（干基）。     

初级污泥好氧消化的实验研究

通过对初级污泥、初级污泥和剩余活性污泥按比例１：１组成的混合污泥进行了好氧消化试验研究，结果表明在３０℃条件下间歇运行１８天，初级污泥和混合污泥ＴＳ、ＴＶＳ的去除率分别为４７％、４４％和４８％、４７．8％，可与剩余活性污泥单独消化效果相比，同时研究了ＳＶＩ．ｐＨ、ＯＵＲ、ＴＴＣ－ＤＨＡ等指标的变化规律。     

两性木素絮凝剂用于污泥的调质处理

以木素为原料制备了两性絮凝剂LSDC，并将其用于污泥的调质处理。实验结果表明LSDC可使污泥沉降速度提高至原始污泥的1．25倍，污泥的过滤比阻则降低至原始污泥的40％左右，泥饼含水率由93％降低至80％。两性木素絮凝剂在污泥调质处理中的应用为木素的高附加值利用提供了新的途径。     

微好氧条件下好氧颗粒污泥的培养

在微好氧条件下(曝气槽中溶解氧量在0．2～0．7mg／L之间)对好氧颗粒污泥的培养进行了研究．以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥，考察了培养过程中厌氧污泥外观、尺寸、反应器中絮状污泥的MLSS(混合固体悬浮物)、SV(污泥体积)、SVI(污泥体积指数)和VSS(挥发性固体悬浮物)，以及颗粒化污泥体积的变化．发现培养5d后，厌氧颗粒污泥完全解体，培养10d后出现新的颗粒污泥，培养40d后污泥完全颗粒化．培养成熟的颗粒污泥呈浅褐色，粒径主要集中于500～3000μm之间，SVI达18．147mL／g，比重达1．020g／cm^3，含水率(质量分数)达95．7％，有机组分的质量分数达74．1％，沉降速率达52m／h，各项指标均优于普通活性污泥和常规曝气条件下培养的好氧颗粒污泥．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.