谈谈汉语量词的英译法

谈谈汉语量词的英译法单满菊在长期的教学实践中，笔者发现学生的汉译英作业中，经常出现汉语量词误译的现象．究其原因，主要是因为量词在汉语中是使用较广的词类，而英语中根本就没有量词这一概念。因此，学生在遇到必须把汉语量词译成英语时，往往无所适从，错误百出。...     

汉语量词与英语表量词

现代汉语量词非常丰富,凡在数词与名词之间一般总是有个量词。英语的表量词使用不如汉语量词广泛,但是几乎所有汉语量词都可找到相应的英语表量词来表达。正确掌握两者之间的对应关系,可帮助我们更准确、形象地使用这两种语言。然而对学习英语的我国人,特别是对学习汉语的以英语为母语的外国人来说,怎样掌握对方语言的这类词却是一大难题。很多语言工作者对此划了了研究,找到了一些规律,这对学习与使用这类词是有很大帮助     

汉英“量词”比较研究

在语法体系中,汉语与英语有一个很大的不同就是汉语有量词而英语没有,但是,不论是汉语还是英语,量词都是客观存在的,都由名量词和动量词两大类构成。名量词可细化为隐形名量词、个体名量词、集合名量词和度量衡名量词;动量词可细化为隐形动量词、计时动量词、频次动量词、工具动量词和同源动量词。汉英量词在名量词和动量词上既有较多的相同点也有较大的差异性。     

壮语类属词头与壮语量词的关系

一现代壮语名词在标志客观事物时,往往冠上一个与其相应的量词,这个量词由于单独与名词组合而产生功能转换,即在整个词的结构中,由表示事物单位的功能转变为充当词的附加成分的功能,起到了类属词头①的作用。例如: 例中带点的词在语言运用中,既能作量词使用,又兼有词头的功能,这种兼类现象揭示了量词与词头之间的联系。从发展观点看,这种联系具有历史内涵。据研究,汉藏语的量词是晚起的。王力先生认为,汉语在先秦时代只有少数单位名词(如升、     

科技俄汉翻译“加词法”中汉语几种词语的使用

一、汉语量词的使用吕叔湘先生主编的《现代汉语八百词》一书指出:“汉语的特点在于量词的应用的普通化,……非汉族学生学习使用量词感到一定的困难……”。这是因为俄语、英语等非汉族语言,量词极少,大多数情况下都是数词等和名词直接连用,构成“数一名词组”等。俄汉语在使用量词上的显著差异,使我们在翻译俄语的数—名词组等一类短语时,常须根据词组中名词意义的不同而加用不同的汉语量词,构成现代汉语中的“数量短语(数词加量词)”和“指数短语(指代词加数词和量词或加其中之一)”。如:     

英语“red”和汉语“红”参构复合词结构对比研究

在英、汉两种语言中也随处可见由颜色词参与构成的合成词（派生词和复合词）。复合词（两个或两个以上语素合成一个词）越来越多的出现在英语和汉语的词汇中。因此本文把英语颜色词＂red＂和汉语颜色词＂红＂构词的复合词作为研究对象。通过对比分析＂red＂和＂红＂构成的复合词外部结构形式,试图发现英语＂red＂和汉语＂红＂作为基本颜色词在与其他构词成分复合过程中表现出的一些规律,尝试作出解释。     

英语定语几个容易混淆的问题——与《汉英比较语法》作者商榷

本文对英语定语中几个容易混淆的问题进行了分析,指出了它们容易被误用或误解的根结所在。在论及“teacher”一词不能用作称谓语时,指出了汉、英两种语言中称谓语用法上的差异;在分析“a+表量词+of+名词”结构时,指出“表量词+of”是定语,并引用Quirk等人的论点,进一步证明了汉语和英语在这方面语法结构的异同。     

英汉数量词的语法及修辞功能分析

从英汉两种语言的词语分类可以看出，汉语词类中有数词和量词之分，英语只有数词之说。汉语中，量词具有独立的语法和修辞特点，英语中起着量词作用的是名词。在句式上，二者也存在较明显的差异。汉语的基本数量句式可概括为“Num＋Q＋N”或“N＋Num＋Q”．英语的基本数量句式为“Num＋N”和“Num＋Q＋of＋N”的形式。英汉语中数量词的使用都具有夸张、比喻、委婉等修辞功能，起到增强语言表达效果的作用。     

认知语言学视角下的汉英中表“量”结构分析

汉语中有大量的量词,而英语中没有"量词"之称。但各种语言都有办法表达量,只是不同的语言表达方式会有所不同,这反映了不同语言的特点和使用该语言的民族的认知视点的差异。本文从认知语言学理论分析,认为汉英语的"量"结构差异均为人们的意象图式、范畴化、概念结构化和类比思维所致。     

浅析汉语量词与英语表量特征词的相似性与差异性

现代汉语中大量量词的使用,给母语为非汉语的人在学习汉语的过程中造成了不小的障碍,如果我们能清晰地认识到汉语量词与英语表量特征词使用中有相似性与差异性,无疑将促进汉语的学习与研究。在汉英相似性方面,汉英表量词大都是原生词派生出来的,并表现出客观事物的形体特征;在差异性方面,汉语量词比英语表量特征词更具形象色彩和大量修饰名词。而英语表量特征词比汉语在修饰复数事物时更丰富、更复杂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with