Y-TZP纳米陶瓷的制备、结构及力学性能

采用沉淀法制备的Y-TZP纳米粉体经冷压成型后烧结成Y-TZP纳米陶瓷.结果表明,Y-TZP纳米陶瓷的密度随着烧结温度的升高和烧结时间的延长而增大,但随成型压力和初始粉体颗粒的增大而减小.而陶瓷平均晶粒尺寸随成型压力的增大和烧结时间延长而长大.烧结过程中大量单斜相ZrO2生成改变了Y-TZP纳米陶瓷的烧结行为和微结构.采用无压烧结获得了相对密度为98%、平均晶粒尺寸为60 nm的Y-TZP纳米陶瓷.Y-TZP纳米陶瓷的显微硬度主要取决于陶瓷的相对密度、相结构和晶粒尺寸,即陶瓷的四方相质量分数越高,相对密度越大,晶粒尺寸越小,则显微硬度越高.     

Effects of sintering atmosphere on the physical and mechanical properties of modified BOF slag glass

This study proposes an efficient way to utilize all the chemical components of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag to prepare high value-added glass-ceramics. A molten modified BOF slag was converted from the melting BOF slag by reducing it and separating out iron component in it, and the modified BOF slag was then quenched in water to form glasses with different basicities. The glasses were subsequently sintered in the temperature range of 600–1000℃ in air or nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h. The effects of different atmospheres on the physical and mechanical properties of sintered samples were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by conducting experiment on evaluating the sintering shrinkage, water absorption and bulk density. It is found that the kinetics of the sintering process is significantly affected by sintering atmosphere. In particular, compared with sintering in air atmosphere, sintering in N₂ atmosphere promotes the synergistic growth of pyroxene and melilite crystalline phases, which can contribute to better mechanical properties and denser microstructure.     

Cu-Zr-Al大块非晶合金的制备及性能研究

采用铜模铸造的方法制备了Cu48Zr52-xAlx(x=6,7,8,9,10,at%)几种合金,X射线衍射(XRD)实验检验Cu48Zr44Al8,Cu48Zr43Al两种合金样品为完全非晶态.对样品进行差示扫描量热分析(DSC)考查三种大块非晶合金的非晶形成能力,以及Al的添加对非晶形成能力的影响.结果表明:当铝含量X=9时,合金的非晶形成能力及热稳定性最好.     

二次烧成对CaO-B2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

研究一次和二次烧成对CaO-B2O3-SiO2(CBS)微晶玻璃的烧结性能与介电性能的影响。用X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析探讨二次烧成对CBS微晶玻璃的微观结构与介电性能的关系。结果表明:与一次烧成相比,二次烧成能够促进玻璃体中的小晶粒生长,试样的收缩率和体积密度有所增加,有利于介电常数提高和介质损耗的降低,且体系中没有出现新的晶相;875℃烧结的试样,X/Y轴收缩率均为14.33%,体积密度达到2.46 g/cm3,10MHz介电常数和损耗相应为6.21和3.5×10-3,热膨胀系数为11.86×10-6/℃,抗折强度为157.36MPa。     

高密度烧结镁砂的研究

以菱镁石为原料,先在850℃下煅烧2 h获得轻烧氧化镁,然后水化成氢氧化镁,干燥后在不同温度下轻烧,得到不同活性的轻烧氧化镁.将轻烧氧化镁按细磨—成形—烧结的工艺流程制备出烧结镁砂.考察了细磨程度、成形压力及轻烧温度对烧结镁砂密度的影响.实验结果表明:将细磨的氢氧化镁轻烧得到的氧化镁进行二道细磨工序,对提高烧结镁砂的密度有显著的影响;成形压力对烧结镁砂的密度影响较小;轻烧温度为600℃时的氧化镁经过轻烧前后两道细磨工序,在200 MPa成形,1 600℃烧结3 h可以制得w(MgO)为97.5%,w(CaO)∶w(SiO2)>2,体积密度为3.47 g/cm3的高密度烧结镁砂.     

Roles of Co element in Fe-based bulk metallic glasses utilizing industrial FeB alloy as raw material

A series of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses were fabricated by a conventional copper mold casting method using a kind of Fe-B industrial raw alloy. It is found that Fe-B-Y-Nb bulk metallic glass with 3 at% of Co addition possesses the best glass forming ability, thermal stability, hardness, magnetic property and anti-corrosion property. The hardness test result indicates a synchronically trend with glass-forming ability parameters. The excellent glass-forming ability and a combination of good mechanical and functional properties suggest that the alloys in this work might be good candidates for commercial use.     

金属玻璃的液态结构及其动力学胶体模拟

研究金属玻璃对于改善性能,开发新的合金体系有重要意义。由于实验手段的局限,目前为止还未能直接观测到液态结构的演化过程。胶体体系可以得到直观可视的粒子图像,已被应用于模拟研究原子体系的物理变化过程。通过不同的胶体体积浓度来模拟金属玻璃熔体,分析了不同胶体液态体系中的团簇结构,并对胶体粒子的扩散规律进行了探讨。结果表明液态体系的浓度越高,粒子的扩散速率越慢,局域特征结构发生变化,并在高浓度液态结构中观察到了结构的局域有序性动力学阻滞形成的笼子效应,为胶体体系液态微结构随浓度的演化提供了直接的实验证据。     

玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响

采用烧结法制备以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成对玻璃的烧结、晶化特性和性能的影响.结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,而且析晶放热峰变得尖锐;增加氧化钙降低玻璃的析晶活化能,有利于玻璃的析晶;随着SiO2量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度移向高温,使玻璃的析晶困难;玻璃样品的烧结温度随CaO含量的增加而降低, 但过多的CaO促进硅酸钙的析出,增加样品的介电常数和热膨胀系数;增加SiO2能够降低微晶玻璃样品的热膨胀系数,改善其介电性能;所制备的微晶玻璃具有相对密度高(≥98.3%),介电常数适中(6.9～7.5),介电损耗低(≤0.1%),热膨胀系数低(3.8×10-6～4.5×10-6 /℃),烧结温度(900～1 000 ℃)低,及介电常数温度稳定性低(66×10-6～113×10-6 /℃).     

纳米陶瓷研究进展

综述纳米陶瓷的性能，粉体制备，烧结及结构研究现状，分析实现纳米陶瓷成功制备的关键因素。得出结论：在纳米陶瓷制备过程中，无团聚高致纱坯是前提，烧结过程中晶粒生长的抑制是关键。     

Li2S—SiO2体系玻璃的制备研究

采用真空高温反应，自然降温冷却的合成方法，成功地在Ｌｉ２Ｓ－ＳｉＯ２体系中制备出了玻璃。对玻璃样品进行了Ｘ－射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）及电子探针微区分析，确定了玻璃形成范围，借助Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）进行了玻璃中硫元素的化学环境（原子价态）分析；用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）技术测定了玻璃的转变温度。     

烧结参数对（Ba0.6Sr0．4）TiO3-MgO复合陶瓷的影响

采用传统的电子陶瓷工艺制备样品,研究烧结参数（温度和时间）对（Ba0.6Sr04）TiO3-MgO复合陶瓷烧结特性、微观结构及介电性能的影响．结果表明：样品的径向收缩率和表观密度在1550℃达到最大值;不同烧结时间的样品径向收缩率和表观密度在烧结3h达到最大值;达到1550℃时,样品的介电常数达到最大值,同时介电损损耗达到最小值,烧结3h时,样品的介电常数达到最大值,同时介电损损耗达到最小值;在烧结3h时样品的介电可调度最大．     

CuX-Cu_2O-P_2O_5和AgX-Ag_2O-P_2O_5系统玻璃的形成范围、结构和电导性

从玻璃形成区、离子电导性、激活能和红外光谱方面比较了CuX-Cu_2O-P_2O_5和AgX-Ag_2O-P_2O_5(X=I、Br、Cl)系统的性质。发现两者的形成范围均为Cu_2O(Ag_2O)/P_2O_5<3;玻璃网络基本相似;电导率随温度的升高和CuX(AgX)含量的增加而增大,有一个极值在形成区内(或在形成区的边界上)。在各组分含量相同时,Cu~+离子玻璃的T_2比Ag~+离子玻璃的高。在银快离子玻璃系统中,当用Cu~+置代Ag~+时,玻璃具有相似的特征。     

Glass behaviour: Poisson's ratio and liquid's fragility

The lack of a reliable theory of glass physics has led to the pursuit of correlations between various glass or viscous liquid parameters, one of which is the slope m of the plot of log(viscosity) against Tg/T, extrapolated at the glass-transition temperature, Tg, also termed 'fragility'. Novikov and Sokolov conclude that the value of m for a liquid varies linearly with the ratio of the instantaneous bulk and shear moduli, K infinity/G infinity, of its glass according to the relation m=29(K infinity/G infinity -0.41). Because of the obvious importance of the elastic properties of a glass, we have investigated the basis for this relation and find that its premise is flawed because of the unjustifiable preference for an empirical variation of m with elastic properties, and because of the selected use of glasses. When more glasses are considered in the same way, m does not seem to be linearly related to K infinity/G infinity.     

Formation of zirconium metallic glass

Bulk metallic glasses are commonly produced by the rapid cooling of liquid alloys. They have emerged over the past decade as a novel class of materials, with attractive properties and technological promise. The bulk metallic glasses so far produced contain three or more component elements. These complex compositions are necessary to frustrate the crystallization of the liquid melt on cooling, but can also lead to phase separation, which is detrimental to the thermal and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. Here we report, using X-ray diffraction measurements, the formation of a bulk metallic glass from elemental zirconium at high static pressures and low temperatures (relative to its melting temperature at atmospheric pressure). Amorphous zirconium can be recovered at ambient conditions and demonstrates a superior thermal stability compared to amorphous alloys, which could lead to new high-temperature applications of amorphous metals.     

Magnetocaloric effect in Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses

A series of Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been prepared by the copper mold casting method. The glass forming ability and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for these alloys have been investigated. The second-order magnetic transition from para-magnetic to ferromagnetic states takes place at about 9 K. These BMGs exhibit excellent MCE because of their large effective magneton number; Er56Al24Co20 BMG has a maximum entropy change and refrigeration capacity of 16.06 J kg-1 K-1 and 546 J kg-1,respectively...     

放电等离子烧结制备碳化钛块材研究

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)对碳化钛(TiC)/氢化钛(TiH2)混合粉末进行烧结以制备块材。利用X射线衍射(XRD)并结合Rietveld精修法对块材进行定性与结构分析;借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对块材断面微观形貌进行观察;测试了块材硬度并探讨SPS技术制备TiC块材的致密化过程与反应机理。结果表明:混合粉末经SPS烧结,获得了高度致密的TiC块材;与传统烧结方法比较,SPS技术更具低温快速性。     

Magnetocaloric effect in Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses

A series of Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been prepared by the copper mold casting method. The glass forming ability and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for these alloys have been investigated. The second-order magnetic transition from para-magnetic to ferromagnetic states takes place at about 9 K. These BMGs exhibit excellent MCE because of their large effective magneton number; Er56Al24Co20 BMG has a maximum entropy change and refrigeration capacity of 16.06 J kg-1 K-1 and 546 J kg-1,respectively,under the field of 50 kOe (10 kOe=795.775 kA/m) indicating that these BMGs are potential candidate magnetic materials for hydrogen liquefaction.     

Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass

Foamed glass-ceramics were prepared via a single-step sintering method using high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass as the main raw materials The influence of sintering temperature (900-1060℃) on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. The results show that the crystal shape changed from grainy to rod-shaped and finally turned to multiple shapes as the sintering temperature was increased from 900 to 1060℃. With increasing sintering temperature, the average pore size of the foamed glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased. By contrast, the compressive strength and the bulk density decreased and subsequently increased. An excessively high temperature, however, induced the coalescence of pores and decreased the compressive strength. The optimal properties, including the highest compressive strength (16.64 MPa) among the investigated samples and a relatively low bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), were attained in the case of the foamed glass-ceramics sintered at 1000℃.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.     

不同制备工艺对WC/Cu功能梯度材料性能的影响

遵循常规粉末冶金法,采用埋粉烧结和真空热压烧结两种工艺制备出三层WC/Cu功能梯度材料。研究结果表明:真空热压烧结工艺明显改善了Cu基体与WC颗粒之间的结合状况且材料的密度也得到了提高。还研究了WC体积分数对单层WC/Cu复合材料性能的影响,采用以上两种烧结工艺分别制备出两种不同WC体积分数的单WC/Cu复合材料试样,研究结果表明:在相同WC体积分数下,真空热压烧结明显提高了烧结体的电导率和硬度;另外,在同种烧结工艺情况下,烧结体的硬度随着WC体积分数的增加而增加,而材料的电导率随WC体积分数的增加而减小。