量子线中弱耦合束缚极化子的性质

采用改进的线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了库仑场对抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子性质的影响.计算了抛物量子线中弱耦合束缚极化子的基态能量、振动频率和声子平均数.讨论了这些量对库仑束缚势和约束强度的依赖关系.数值结果表明:量子线中弱耦合极化子的基态能量随库仑束缚势的增加而减少,随约束强度的增加而增大;振动频率随库仑束缚势的增加而增加,随约束强度的增加而增大;声子平均数随着约束强度的增加而增加,随库仑束缚势的增加而减少.     

各向异性抛物势对量子点中极化子基态结合能的影响

量子点中三个方向存在不同的抛物限制势,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了各向异性抛物势对量子点中强耦合极化子的振动频率和基态结合能的影响.导出了振动频率和基态结合能随电子-声子耦合强度和量子点中的有效受限长度的变化关系.数值结果表明:振动频率和基态结合能是电子-声子耦合强度的增函数.它们随三个不同的有效受限长度的增加而迅速减少.表现出量子点在三个不同方向的新奇的量子尺寸限制效应.     

量子棒中弱耦合杂质束缚极化子的振动频率

给出了具有椭球边界最子棒经过坐标变换成球形边界的哈密顿量.采用线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法研究了在非均匀抛物限制势下量子棒中弱耦合杂质束缚极化子的性质.导出了量子棒中弱耦合杂质束缚极化子的振动频率随库仑束缚势和椭球的纵横比的变化关系以及声子平均数随电子-声子耦合强度和椭球的纵横比的变化关系.数值计算结果表明:振动频率随库仑束缚势的增加而增加,当e'>1时,振动频率随椭球的纵横比的增加而增加.e'<1时,随着椭球的纵横比的减少,振动频率增大.当e'=1时,振动频率取极小值.声子平均数随电子-声子耦合强度的增加而增加,随着椭球的纵横比的减少而增大.     

各向异性抛物势对量子点中强耦合极化子激发态的影响

在各向异性抛物势限制下,采用Huybrechts线性组合算符和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)幺正变换方法研究了量子点中强耦合极化子激发态的性质.导出了极化子第一激发态振动频率和第一激发态能量随电子-声子耦合强度和各向异性抛物势在量子点三个方向上的有效受限长度的变化关系.数值结果表明:第一激发态振动频率和第一激发态能量是电子-声子耦合强度的增函数且它们均随有效受限长度的增加而迅速减少,表现出量子点新奇的量子尺寸限制效应.     

GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导特性

从GaAs光电导开关的激子效应和光激发电荷畴理论基础出发,研究了强电场触发下GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导特性;光激发电荷畴与激子效应的相互作用以及激子的形成、传输及离解过程形成自由电子和空穴,为激子激发光电导提供了必要的条件。影响激子效应的光电导特性的主要因素有:激子能级的吸收,束缚激子及光激发电荷畴引起的能带重整化效应,多声子跃迁,束缚激子沿位错线发生分裂和漂移。在上述因素的相互耦合作用下,使得GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导呈现出一定的振荡特性。     

抛物柱形量子点中电子拉曼散射的研究(英文)

以GaAs材料为例,利用有效质量近似和微扰理论研究了抛物柱形量子点中的电子拉曼散射.考虑电子完全限制在量子点内,导带和价带为分立的抛物形能带.研究了跃迁的选择定则.计算结果表明,微分散射截面是散射频率、柱面半径和量子点本征频率的函数.确定并解释了散射谱的最大值.由于量子受限效应,散射谱的最大值随着限制势频率的增大而增大.     

半导体量子点非本征吸收区的三阶极化率

通过变分法计算了量子点激子基态能量和偶极跃迁振子强度,分析了半导体量子点在非本征吸收区的三阶极化率.量子点中激子的基态能量随量子点半径的增大而单调减小,这是量子尺寸效应的反映;量子点中由基态到激子基态的跃迁振子强度,随量子点半径的增大而单调增大;在弱受限量子点情况下,三阶极化率的实部和虚部都是负的,对应于非线性光学自散焦效应,其绝对值随入射光频率的增加而增加,且随量子点半径的增大而增大.     

非对称量子点中磁极化子声子平均数的温度特性

采用Huybrechts线性组合算符法和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)幺正变换法,研究了非称抛物量子点内弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率和声子平均数的温度依赖性.数值计算结果表明,非对称量子点中弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率随量子点的横向受限强度、纵向受限强度和外磁场回旋频率的增加而增大,弱耦合磁极化子的声子平均数随电子-声子耦合强度的增加而增大,随温度的升高而减小.     

闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子阱中激子态及带间光跃迁

基于有效质量近似,运用变分方法研究闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子阱中的激子态及带间光跃迁随闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子阱结构参数的变化关系,考虑电子与空穴在其量子阱中的有限势效应.数值计算结果显示出当量子阱的尺寸增加时,基态激子结合能和带间光跃迁能降低,而当闪锌矿GaN/AlGaN量子阱中垒层材料AlGaN中Al含量增加时,基态激子结合能和带间光跃迁能增加.     

盘型量子点中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数

采用修改的线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法研究了在抛物限制势下量子盘中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数.讨论了在弱耦合情况下,电子周围的平均声子数与电子-体纵光学声子耦合强度以及极化子速度的关系.数值计算结果表明：盘型量子点中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数随电子-体纵光学声子耦合强度和极化子速度的增加而增大.     

量子点中双极化子稳定性的研究

基于Lee-Low-Pines-Huybrechts变分理论推导出计算量子点中双极化子的基态能表达式.该理论方法适应于整个电子-声子耦合区域.通过数值计算和理论分析,讨论了量子点中双极化子的存在条件与约束势的关系,发现量子点约束势的加强不利于双极化子的稳定.     

Coherent properties of a two-level system based on a quantum-dot photodiode

Present-day information technology is based mainly on incoherent processes in conventional semiconductor devices. To realize concepts for future quantum information technologies, which are based on coherent phenomena, a new type of 'hardware' is required. Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the basic device units for quantum information processing. One approach is to exploit optical excitations (excitons) in quantum dots. It has already been demonstrated that coherent manipulation between two excitonic energy levels--via so-called Rabi oscillations--can be achieved in single quantum dots by applying electromagnetic fields. Here we make use of this effect by placing an InGaAs quantum dot in a photodiode, which essentially connects it to an electric circuit. We demonstrate that coherent optical excitations in the quantum-dot two-level system can be converted into deterministic photocurrents. For optical excitation with so-called pi-pulses, which completely invert the two-level system, the current is given by I = fe, where f is the repetition frequency of the experiment and e is the elementary charge. We find that this device can function as an optically triggered single-electron turnstile.     

圆柱形量子线中的极化子效应

分别采用LLP变分方法和微扰方法研究了圆柱形自由量子线的极化子效应，在计算中考虑了类体纵光学声子模及表面声子模的贡献．结果显示表面声子模在量子线半径较小时产生强烈的极化子效应，而类体模的贡献则随量子线半径的增加速渐趋于三维体材料的结果．分析还发现，对于量子线、量子点等强受限体系，微扰方法得到的结果较量量变分方法的结果合理。     

抛物型量子点的非线性光学整流研究

在紧凑密度矩阵方法和迭代法的框架下,从理论上研究了抛物型量子点（QDs）在不同的量子点半径、宽度以及外加电场和磁场下光学整流（OR）系数。在有效质量近似下,计算了量子点中电子的受限波函数和能量。给出了典型GaAs/AlGaAs抛物型量子点的数值结果。通过研究发现,非线性光学整流系数受到量子点的宽度、半径以及电场和磁场的强烈影响。在考虑电场和磁场的影响时,峰值向高能量方向移动。     

Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk-quantum dot system

Cavity quantum electrodynamics, the study of coherent quantum interactions between the electromagnetic field and matter inside a resonator, has received attention as both a test bed for ideas in quantum mechanics and a building block for applications in the field of quantum information processing. The canonical experimental system studied in the optical domain is a single alkali atom coupled to a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Progress made in this system has recently been complemented by research involving trapped ions, chip-based microtoroid cavities, integrated microcavity-atom-chips, nanocrystalline quantum dots coupled to microsphere cavities, and semiconductor quantum dots embedded in micropillars, photonic crystals and microdisks. The last system has been of particular interest owing to its relative simplicity and scalability. Here we use a fibre taper waveguide to perform direct optical spectroscopy of a system consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a microdisk. In contrast to earlier work with semiconductor systems, which has focused on photoluminescence measurements, we excite the system through the photonic (light) channel rather than the excitonic (matter) channel. Strong coupling, the regime of coherent quantum interactions, is demonstrated through observation of vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmitted and reflected signals from the cavity. The fibre coupling method also allows us to examine the system's steady-state nonlinear properties, where we see a saturation of the cavity-quantum dot response for less than one intracavity photon. The excitation of the cavity-quantum dot system through a fibre optic waveguide is central to applications such as high-efficiency single photon sources, and to more fundamental studies of the quantum character of the system.     

奇异介子对前身中子星转动惯量的影响

本文利用相对论平均场理论并考虑重子八重态{n,p,Λ,∑－,∑0,∑+,Ξ－,Ξ0},研究了σ*,φ介子对前身中子星转动惯量的影响. 研究发现：考虑到σ*,φ介子的贡献,σ0,ω0,ρ0介子的势场强度以及中子和电子的化学势都明显降低了.同时还发现,与不考虑σ*,φ介子的贡献时相比,前身中子星质量的最大值和转动惯量的最大值也都降低了,并且前者的减小量大于后者的减小量.     

Single atoms in the ring lattice for quantum information processing and quantum simulation

We have demonstrated preparing and rotating single neutral rubidium atoms in an optical ring lattice generated by a spatial light modulator, inserting two atoms into a single microscopic optical potential efficiently by dynamically reshaping the optical dipole trap, trapping single atoms in a blue detuned optical bottle beam trap, and confining single atoms into the Lamb-Dicke regime by combining red and blue detuned optical potentials. In combination with the manipulation of internal states of single atoms, the study is opening a way for research in the field of quantum information processing and quantum simulation. In this paper we review the past works and discuss the prospects.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems

An exciton is the particle-like entity that forms when an electron is bound to a positively charged 'hole'. An ordered electronic state in which excitons condense into a single quantum state was proposed as a theoretical possibility many years ago. We review recent studies of semiconductor bilayer systems that provide clear evidence for this phenomenon and explain why exciton condensation in the quantum Hall regime, where these experiments were performed, is as likely to occur in electron-electron bilayers as in electron-hole bilayers. In current quantum Hall excitonic condensates, disorder induces mobile vortices that flow in response to a supercurrent and limit the extremely large bilayer counterflow conductivity.     

Mn掺杂ZnSe量子点的无膦合成及稳定性研究

以十八烯溶解硒粉为硒源,系统研究了十一烯酸锌、十四酸锌和硬脂酸锌为锌前驱体对Mn掺杂ZnSe量子点光学性质的影响,初步探讨了三种锌前驱体的由于碳链长度不同、反应活性差异导致Mn离子在量子点晶格中掺杂位置变化,以及Mn离子掺杂位置对量子点光学性质和稳定性的影响。通过改变油胺的添加量,调控晶面的表面势能,研究了其对Mn掺杂ZnSe量子点粒子形貌及光学性质的影响。