高斯光束对荧光共焦显微镜分辨率的影响

研究一定光源孔径、束斑的高斯光束对荧光共焦显微镜横向、纵向分辨率的影响，导出了荧光功率传输函数、三维响应函数．数值计算结果表明：与一定光源孔径的平行光束比较，采用高斯光束可以获得更好的横向、纵向分辨率．     

双光子共焦荧光显微系统成像分析及实验研究

双光子共焦荧光显微系统可以突破传统光学显微镜的成像分辨率极限,提高厚荧光物三维扫描的横向及轴向分辨力.基于共焦荧光显微原理和菲涅耳衍射公式,分析了反射式双光子共焦荧光显微系统的三维光学传递函数.讨论了在实验条件下,共焦模块参数对双光子共焦荧光读取分辨率的影响.双光子共焦荧光系统采用的共焦小孔半径为3.92 μm时,其层析能力比采用78.4 μm共焦小孔的系统提高了1.56倍.通过已知尺寸荧光物的双光子共焦荧光成像实验,验证了共焦小孔直径与系统横向及轴向分辨率的反比关系.     

多光子(n≥2)荧光共焦成像特性

研究了有限尺寸光源和探测器的任意多光子荧光过程(n≥2)不同波长荧光共焦成像的分辨率,导出了相应的三维强度脉冲响应函数和光学传递函数[3D OTF],证明多光子过程可以克服光源和探测器有限孔径、荧光波长增大对系统3D OTF的不利影响;获得了普遍的点源、点探测器系统的光学传递函数[3D OTF]横向、纵向截止频率和相应的通频带(也适用单光子荧光情况).     

Raman感生克尔效应光谱非线性共焦显微镜理论的研究

研究了Raman感生克尔效应光谱非线性共焦显微镜的成像理论, 用Fourier成像理论结合Raman感生克尔效应理论, 导出了各向同性介质中Raman感生克尔效应光谱非线性共焦显微镜的三维点扩散函数, 并详细分析了 Raman 感生克尔效应的非线性特性对共焦显微镜的空间分辨率及其成像特性的影响. 结果表明, 基于 Raman 感生克尔效应的非线性共焦显微镜不但可以同时获得分子的振动、振动取向以及光感生分子重新取向等信息, 比双光子荧光共焦显微镜的信息量更丰富; 而且可以较大改善共焦显微镜的空间分辨率和成像质量, 比双光子荧光共焦显微镜具有更高的空间分辨率.     

非线性二次谐波和三次谐波共焦显微镜的成像理论

研究了非线性二次谐波和三次谐波共焦显微镜的成像理论, 系统分析了二次谐波和三次谐波的非线性效应对共焦显微镜成像特性的影响, 证明了二次谐波和三次谐波共焦成像过程的三维脉冲响应函数, 既不同于相干光共焦成像过程, 也不同于非相干光共焦成像过程, 而是两次相干光成像过程, 并导出了二次谐波和三次谐波共焦显微镜的三维脉冲响应函数. 研究结果表明: 二次谐波和三次谐波共焦显微镜比单光子和双光子荧光共焦显微镜具有更高的空间分辨率.     

体全息在共焦显微镜中的应用

采用体全息记录信息代替共焦显微镜中的反射镜,在物光的衍射光强最大的条件下,记录体全息信息.体全息共焦成像的动态范围取决于全息衍射效率和材料的限制,而深度分辨率则取决于物镜的数值孔径和记录介质的厚度大小.体全息共焦显微镜系统的观测结果对探测器前的光阑孔径大小没有明显的依赖关系,在探测器前加尺寸不必特别小的针孔或可以不加针孔,这样可减小由于衍射现象引起的像差.体全息成像本身具有滤波的作用.物镜的像差在体全息自成像过程中由于相位共轭而消除,从而使仪器的深度分辨率与测量的动态范围不再相互限制.     

激光共焦扫描显微镜高分辨率特性分析

分析了激光共焦扫描显微镜的成像原理，用衍射理论揭示了其较高横向分辨率和较好轴向分辨率的成因，介绍了共焦扫描显微镜的发展及其在生物，医学诊断及半导体器件检测方面的应用。     

基于差动共焦的并行三维形貌检测系统的研究

为提高并行共焦检测系统的测量精度和分辨率，基于差动共焦原理，提出了一种全场非扫描三维形貌检测系统．该检测系统利用微透镜阵列产生的二维点光源阵列来实现并行全场共焦探测；反射光路采用差动设计，使用两个CCD同步测量离焦光斑强度信号。通过使用光斑光强差动算法，可以有效抑制光源的噪声和漂移对测量结果的影响；利用差动共焦特性曲线中的线性关系，实现在较大采样间距下获得较高的轴向分辨率。实验证明该检测系统是可行的。     

激光共焦扫描显微镜高分辨率特性分析

分析了激光共焦扫描显微镜的成像原理 ,用衍射理论揭示了其较高横向分辨率和较好轴向分辨率的成因 ,介绍了共焦扫描显微镜的发展及其在生物、医学诊断及半导体器件检测方面的应用     

共焦扫描显微成像系统的非相干光学传递函数

共焦扫描光学显微（ＣＳＯＭ）系统有透射式和反射式、相干光和非相干光荧光等类型。ＣＳＯＭ 系统的平面分辨率和纵深分辨率依赖于放置在光电探测器前面的空间滤波器的孔径大小。根据不同孔径计算反射式荧光ＣＳＯＭ 系统的非相干光学传递函数,并进一步说明反射式荧光ＣＳＯＭ系统的成像特性对孔径的依赖关系     

共焦扫描显微成像系统的部分相干光学传递函数

共焦扫描显微成像系统（ Ｃ Ｓ Ｏ Ｍ） 是以共焦原理为基础,集扫描技术和数字图像处理技术为一体的高精度的成像系统。系统空间滤波器孔径大小和探测物体的离焦量大小都会影响系统的成像质量,这反映了系统的光学传递函数（ Ｏ Ｔ Ｆ） 有着明显的变化。导出了 Ｃ Ｓ Ｏ Ｍ 系统的部分相干 Ｏ Ｔ Ｆ,并给出了不同离焦量的 Ｏ Ｔ Ｆ 变化曲线。     

Tunable nanowire nonlinear optical probe

One crucial challenge for subwavelength optics has been the development of a tunable source of coherent laser radiation for use in the physical, information and biological sciences that is stable at room temperature and physiological conditions. Current advanced near-field imaging techniques using fibre-optic scattering probes have already achieved spatial resolution down to the 20-nm range. Recently reported far-field approaches for optical microscopy, including stimulated emission depletion, structured illumination, and photoactivated localization microscopy, have enabled impressive, theoretically unlimited spatial resolution of fluorescent biomolecular complexes. Previous work with laser tweezers has suggested that optical traps could be used to create novel spatial probes and sensors. Inorganic nanowires have diameters substantially below the wavelength of visible light and have electronic and optical properties that make them ideal for subwavelength laser and imaging technology. Here we report the development of an electrode-free, continuously tunable coherent visible light source compatible with physiological environments, from individual potassium niobate (KNbO3) nanowires. These wires exhibit efficient second harmonic generation, and act as frequency converters, allowing the local synthesis of a wide range of colours via sum and difference frequency generation. We use this tunable nanometric light source to implement a novel form of subwavelength microscopy, in which an infrared laser is used to optically trap and scan a nanowire over a sample, suggesting a wide range of potential applications in physics, chemistry, materials science and biology.     

多光子近场共焦光学扫描显微镜表面非传播光场的特性研究

对多光子近场共焦光学扫描显微镜非传播光场的特性进行了系统的理论分析。导出了多光子近场共焦光学扫描显微镜表面非传播光场的频率宽与相差的测不准关系表达式及二维的点扩散函数光学传递函数和能量分布表达式。研究结果表明：多光子近场共焦光学扫描显微镜比单光子共焦显微镜具有更高的横向分辨率和纵向分辨率。而多光子近场共焦光学扫描显微镜比双光子共焦显微镜具有更高的空间分辨率。样品置于其表面的非传播光场内,能得最佳的超分辨效果。     

Optical microscopy using a single-molecule light source

Rapid progress in science on nanoscopic scales has promoted increasing interest in techniques of ultrahigh-resolution optical microscopy. The diffraction limit can be surpassed by illuminating an object in the near field through a sub-wavelength aperture at the end of a sharp metallic probe. Proposed modifications of this technique involve replacing the physical aperture by a nanoscopic active light source. Advances in the spatial and spectral detection of individual fluorescent molecules, using near-field and far-field methods, suggest the possibility of using a single molecule as the illumination source. Here we present optical images taken with a single molecule as a point-like source of illumination, by combining fluorescence excitation spectroscopy with shear-force microscopy. Our single-molecule probe has potential for achieving molecular resolution in optical microscopy; it should also facilitate controlled studies of nanometre-scale phenomena (such as resonant energy transfer) with improved lateral and axial spatial resolution.     

人体软组织微观结构的超声散射分析

分别利用ＡＲ倒谱和小波变换的方法，研究脾脏组织超声散射元的平均间距．结果表明，离体和在体情况下组织散射元的平均间距不同．ＡＲ倒谱和小波变换相结合是确定组织散射元间距的有效方法．     

共焦扫描激光显微镜

介绍一台我们设计,研制的共焦扫描激光显微镜,它由共焦显微镜光学系统、信号探测成像系统以及物扫描平台驱动装置组成。光学系统设计有两条光路,便于共焦调节,可采用反射,透射和偏振３种方式,也可进行荧光成像。     

A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet

Since 1998, the interaction of precision spectroscopy and ultrafast laser science has led to several notable accomplishments. Femtosecond laser optical frequency 'combs' (evenly spaced spectral lines) have revolutionized the measurement of optical frequencies and enabled optical atomic clocks. The same comb techniques have been used to control the waveform of ultrafast laser pulses, which permitted the generation of single attosecond pulses, and have been used in a recently demonstrated 'oscilloscope' for light waves. Here we demonstrate intra-cavity high harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet, which promises to lead to another joint frontier of precision spectroscopy and ultrafast science. We have generated coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation at a repetition frequency of more than 100 MHz, a 1,000-fold improvement over previous experiments. At such a repetition rate, the mode spacing of the frequency comb, which is expected to survive the high harmonic generation process, is large enough for high resolution spectroscopy. Additionally, there may be many other applications of such a quasi-continuous compact and coherent extreme ultraviolet source, including extreme ultraviolet holography, microscopy, nanolithography and X-ray atomic clocks.