三峡工程建筑物设计关键技术问题研究与实践

针对三峡水利枢纽拦河大坝泄洪流量大、孔口多、泄洪消能结构复杂,岸坡厂房坝段基岩长大缓倾角结构面因坝后厂房深挖临空危及坝基稳定,坝体混凝土耐久性要求高且温控防裂困难;茅坪溪防护土石坝沥青混凝土心墙设计施工尚缺乏实践经验;电站运行水头高、变幅大,引水压力管道及进水口选型和蜗壳埋设方式技术复杂,地下电站采用变顶高尾水洞替代常规的尾水调压室;双线五级船闸运行水头高、输水水力条件复杂,且在山体深挖岩槽中修建,全衬砌船闸结构、高水头输水系统和大型人字闸门及启闭机设计难度大等关键技术问题,文章重点介绍了各建筑物设计研究解决问题的途径、采用的优选方案及技术措施和通过实践检验的创新成果。     

三峡工程左岸岸边厂房坝段抗滑稳定研究

三峡工程左岸厂房1~#～5~#机组坝段位于左岸山体缓坡地段,原始地面高程110～140m,坝基开挖高程原定98m,厂房建基面高程最低达22.2m,致使坝下基岩下游边坡开挖形成坡度约54°,临时坡高约70余m的高陡临空边坡.此坝段为缓倾角裂隙相对发育区,建基岩体内有多条倾向下游的长大缓倾角裂隙和少量倾向下游的中倾角裂隙,构成了高陡边坡沿缓(中)倾角结构面的深层滑动稳定问题,对坝基和高陡边坡稳定十分不利.应用不同的计算方法对1~#～5~#机组坝段的抗滑稳定进行计算、校核和验证以确保大坝的稳定安全.     

古田溪一级大坝坝基扬压力异常成因解析

通过对古田溪一级大坝坝基扬压力监测资料的分析,发现19号坝段横断面扬压力偏高,采用时空分析、统计模型分析和综合成因分析等方法对其成因进行了分析,结果表明该坝段坝基存在渗流通道.并应用典型小概率法拟定了19号坝段坝基扬压力最大扬压力监控指标.     

三峡大坝及坝基施工期的特殊监控模型

针对三峡大坝施工期长、荷载变化复杂的特点,提出了施工期的特殊监控模型。编制了三维粘弹性有限元与无限元耦合分析程序。详细分析了泄洪坝段２＾＃坝块坝基开挖卸荷时基岩回弹变形的时间效应、坝体浇筑加载时基岩和坝体压缩变形的时间效应以及两者共同作用的时间效应,获得了施工期间坝基及大坝变形的全过程,从而解决了施工期间变形初始值的确定和全过程的力学模拟问题。     

三峡临时船闸3＃坝段位移场确定性模型

通过引入空间三维坐标,阐述了确定性空间位移场的建模机理及方法,即水压分量、温度分量及时效分量均采用有限元计算结果,应用粘弹性有限元模拟大坝的加荷过程,通过计算粘性位移场的建模机理及经拟合得到时效分量、结合三峡工程临时船闸３＃坝段,建立 位移确定性模型。     

沙河集水库大坝渗流安全分析

滁州市沙河集水库于2002年进行了工程除险加固,对大坝部分坝段的坝基和坝身进行了防渗加固处理,水库加固后经过10余年的运行,大坝渗流状况总体情况较好,但局部坝段仍存在渗漏。为了进一步查明大坝的渗流状况,综合渗流观测资料,对沙河集水库大坝进行渗流安全综合分析。     

汾河二库坝基深层抗滑稳定性评价

汾河二库拦河大坝为全断面碾压混凝土重力坝，最大坝高88m。坝基在上覆26m-28m厚砂卵石层被挖除后，通过探井、岩芯钻孔取样及超声波测试发现坝基下伏缓倾薄弱层，这将降低大坝的抗滑稳定性。为此，对坝基采取加设齿槽等工程措施，经过对坝基深层抗滑稳定进行的核算和评价，认为大坝处于稳定状态。     

厂坝联合作用下重力坝厂房坝段静动抗滑稳定分析

针对金安桥重力坝厂房坝段的坝基浅深层抗滑稳定问题,分别采用传统刚体极限平衡法和强度储备系数法,对厂坝联合作用的抗滑稳定性进行研究.双斜面滑动的左滑面根据厂房坝段地质资料判定.参照规范建议的结构极限承载能力验算表达式,采用修正后的抗力和作用函数公式,建立了抗滑结构系数与右滑面倾角的关系表达式,依据优化的理论来判断右滑出面,反算结构系数,来考察厂坝联合作用的效果;同时采用强度储备系数法来评判大坝抗滑稳定安全度.结果表明,该坝段的抗滑稳定性满足要求,厂坝联合作用可有效提高坝基浅深层的抗滑稳定性.     

崆峒水库枢纽大坝坝基渗漏处理设计

崆峒水库枢纽工程建成运行已近四十年,现状大坝主要存在坝肩绕坝渗漏及坝基接触渗漏等主要问题。为消除坝基渗透安全隐患目的,通过对渗漏成因的分析,设计采取大坝坝体、坝基岩体及砂砾石层内通过约70.0m深孔固结灌浆形成连续帷幕防渗墙,封闭心墙底部与坝基岩体之间的渗漏通道,延长渗径,降低接触渗透比降的技术方案进行处理。经灌浆效果的综合全面分析评价,灌浆效果显著,取得良好效果。坝基接触渗漏深孔固结灌浆处理设计与施工实践,为解决类似大坝坝基接触渗漏提供了有益经验,可对类似大坝除险加固提高良好参考借鉴。     

水电工程坝基大规模破碎带处理措施数值分析

在水电站勘测设计阶段对坝基岩体中发育的较大规模破碎带提出合理、科学的工程处理措施对于水电站的正常开工建设有着重要的意义.以怒江某水电工程为例,对坝基岩体中发育的大型断层破碎带采用不同工程处理措施的处理效果进行三维数值分析,根据分析计算结果比较各处理措施的优劣,最终得到一个最佳的处理措施:单独采用混凝土板+混凝土塞以及固结灌浆提高破碎带模型方法均不能完全消除大坝的不均匀沉降,而采用混凝土板+混凝土塞+固结灌浆提高破碎带模量的综合处理方法可以有效降低大坝的不均匀沉降,提高坝段的稳定性系数至2.3～2.4之间,满足大坝的稳定性要求.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to