三峡工程大坝设计

三峡工程大坝为混凝土重力坝,坝顶高程185 m,最大坝高181 m,坝轴线全长2 309.5 m,分为泄洪坝段、厂房坝段、非溢流坝段、升船机坝段、临时船闸坝段、左导墙坝段和纵向围堰坝段。笔者着重从泄洪建筑物水力学、坝体分缝、电站引水压力管道布置及结构形式、坝基深层抗滑稳定、临时船闸封堵、坝基封闭抽排等方面对大坝结构设计进行了简要介绍。     

三峡工程双线五级船闸设计

简要介绍了三峡双线五级船闸的总体设计及总体布置,高水头船闸的输水技术,全衬砌船闸结构的关键技术问题,大型人字门及启闭设备和复杂运行条件下的监控技术。船闸自2003年投入运行,运行实践证明,设计采用的技术先进、合理、可靠。三峡船闸的设计建设,发展了船闸工程的设计理论和实践,使世界船闸工程技术达到了新水平。     

三峡船闸完建期156 m蓄水位4级运行方式原型调试研究

从水力学条件论证了船闸采用4级运行方案的可行性。通过原型调试，采取中间及阐首优化后的输水方式运行，基本消除了闸室第一分流口空化，船闸在超过设计的45.2 m水头下工作条件较好，在三峡船闸完建期156 m蓄水位船闸采用4级运行方式具优越性。     

三峡工程电站设计

利用物理模型和数值模拟技术,系统研究了三峡电站布置、排沙及排漂措施、进水口形式、机组蜗壳埋设方式,以及地下电站洞室群布置、块体加固等技术问题。研究表明,三峡电站采用两岸坝后厂房+右岸地下厂房的布置及单孔小孔口进水口体型技术经济最优,采用分散排沙和排漂孔可较好解决电站的泥沙和漂污问题,蜗壳采用保温保压、垫层及组合埋设技术均可保证机组稳定运行,采用新型变顶高尾水洞优于设置尾水调压室。同时提出了与蜗壳埋设方式相关的技术标准,并对大型不利块体的加固进行了探讨,提出了利用阻滑键及结构面法向压应力加固块体的新思路。     

三峡船闸项目建设与管理实践

三峡双线五级船闸是当今世界设计总水头和单级输水水头最大、工程的技术问题十分复杂的特大型通航建筑物。船闸工程建设,集先进技术、先进设备、先进工艺与材料和先进项目管理于一体,极具挑战性的世界级工程。三峡船闸通过17年建设和9年运行,有效解决了设计、施工、设备制造与安装、系统调试中的各种难题。从三峡船闸二期主体工程项目管理实践出发,对工程项目管理理念、管理体系、管理方法、技术创新、团队建设等进行了总结。     

三峡永久船闸输水系统输水特性研究

利用等时段的特征线法数值模拟三峡永久船闸输水系统不补水工况下的输水特性，得出了输水管道沿程各节点水头及流量的变化规律，计算结果与物模成果吻合良好，充分证明了该方法船闸输水特性的模拟中具有较高的精度和可靠性，成果可作为制定船闸运行方案的依据。     

三峡工程建设中若干重大技术问题的突破

三峡工程规模巨大，技术复杂。文章介绍了三峡工程建设在大江截流和混凝土防渗墙施工技术、大坝混凝土快速施工新技术、船闸高边坡施工技术、电站大型钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道和蜗壳保温保压技术、沥青混凝土心墙、船闸金属结构、水轮发电机组等重大技术问题上的突破。     

三峡船闸模型试验的测控系统

三峡双线连续五级船闸模型在充泄水时,水头高,流量大,库水位的不同变化使各级闸室输水运行复杂,引航道中的水力学问题突出,对船只在引航道中停泊航行有一定影响,水流的非恒定性要求所有参数同步连续测量.船闸模型试验自动控制及测量系统,采用实时监控方法,对闸室充泄水水力特性参数及上游引航道中的关键水力参数进行自动同步测量,单片机数控装置对阀门的启闭速度控制精确,各类测量传感器精度较高,系统抗干扰性能好,实验结果表明,系统工作可靠,实用性强,满足试验要求.     

九里沟双级船闸长廊道短支管输水系统设计

通过对九里沟双级船闸长廊道短支管输水系统的设计，不仅对这种输水型式的选型、各细部尺寸拟定、各参数的取值与水力学计算和这种输水系统的结构布置等有了更进一步的认识，而且认为这种在综合多种输水型式的具体布置得出的输水系统型式，有利于中高水头船闸的输水系统的引用与参考，从而使水运工程在为船舶航行过闸提供安全、通畅、快捷的运输环境，提高船闸的社会、经济和环境效益。     

三峡五级船闸运行级数及补水判断程序

三峡五级船闸是目前世界上规模最大的通航设施，船闸投入运行的级数需根据不同，下游水位的组合来确定。本文分析推地了在满足各闸室设计允许的最高，最低通航水位及输水闸门最高工作水头条件下，根据实测的上，下游水位判断运行级数，计算补水量的方法和数学模型，解决了监控系统自动生成船闸运行级数，自动判断补水及补水量计算等问题。     

The research and practice of major technological issues on design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe.For the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult.The practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is scarce.The power station operates with high water head and large head variation.The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank.For the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock.The preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.     

The dam design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is a concrete gravity dam with the crest elevation of 185 m, the maximum height of 181m and dam axis length of 2 309.5 m. The dam consists of spillway, powerhouse, non-over flow, ship-lift, temporary ship-lock, left diversion wall and longitudinal cofferdam blocks. Some key techniques relating to dam structure design are presented, including hydraulics of flood discharge structure, dam joint design, layout and structural type of penstock, deep anti-sliding stability of dam foundation, reconstruction of temporary ship-lock and closed drainage and pumping of dam foundation.     

The practice of project construction and management of Three Gorges ship lock

The double-line five-step ship-lock of Three Gorges Project (TGP) is an extra-large navigation structure with the maximum design total head and single-step delivery head in the world and complicated technical problems.The shiplock is a challenging and world-class project integrating the advanced techniques and equipment,the up-to-date technologies and materials,as well as the advanced project management.Through 17-year construction and 9-year operation of the ship-lock,various difficulties in design,construction,equipment manufacturing and installation as well as system debugging have been overcome effectively.The project management ideas,management system,management methods,technological innovation and team building are summarized according to the management practice of the second stage main work of Three Gorges ship-lock.     

The design of double-line five-step ship-lock of Three Gorges Project

The general design and layout of the double-line five-step ship-lock,the water delivery technique for high head ship-lock,the key technical problems of fully lined ship-lock and the monitoring techniques for large-scale miter gates and hoisting equipment under complicated operation conditions of Three Gorges Project (TGP) are introduced.Since the operation of ship-lock in 2003,the operation practice has proved that the design techniques are advanced,rational and reliable.The design and construction of the fully lined ship-lock promotes the development of design theory and practice of ship-lock projects,which makes the construction technology of ship-lock in the world reach a new level.     

三峡工程坝址区主要工程地质问题研究

简要介绍了工程坝址区最为关键的坝基深层抗滑稳定、永久船闸高坡稳定、地下电站主厂房围岩块体稳定、断裂构造等几个工程地质问题研究过程、方法、工作内容及基本结论，并结合工程施工、监测及运行有关情况对各专题进行全面总结与评价。     

某水利枢纽工程垂直防淘墙的设计与施工

通过对某水利枢纽工程泄水闸下游地质条件及水流条件等的分析,为增加该水利枢纽的运用安全,在闸下消能防冲可行方案的基础上,在泄水闸下游混凝土海漫末端齿槽下设置一道钢筋混凝土垂直防淘墙,并延伸至与其相邻的电站厂房尾水渠护底末端.对闸下钢筋混凝土垂直防淘墙的嵌入深度及结构设计进行了研究,并按照规范要求提出了防淘墙的施工措施和质量控制.     

三峡工程左岸岸边厂房坝段抗滑稳定研究

三峡工程左岸厂房1~#～5~#机组坝段位于左岸山体缓坡地段,原始地面高程110～140m,坝基开挖高程原定98m,厂房建基面高程最低达22.2m,致使坝下基岩下游边坡开挖形成坡度约54°,临时坡高约70余m的高陡临空边坡.此坝段为缓倾角裂隙相对发育区,建基岩体内有多条倾向下游的长大缓倾角裂隙和少量倾向下游的中倾角裂隙,构成了高陡边坡沿缓(中)倾角结构面的深层滑动稳定问题,对坝基和高陡边坡稳定十分不利.应用不同的计算方法对1~#～5~#机组坝段的抗滑稳定进行计算、校核和验证以确保大坝的稳定安全.     

高拱坝表深孔碰撞泄洪消能水力特性

高拱坝坝身宣泄洪水产生高速水流,水流下泄时会对水垫塘底板产生极大的冲击压力.为保证下游冲刷安全,在有足够的深水垫消刹能量的同时,还需通过水舌在空中消耗部分能量.通过表深孔同轴碰撞的泄洪消能布置方式,研究不同表深孔流量比工况下水流特性及底板动水压强等水力特性.结果表明,表深孔上下水舌在空中碰撞、掺气,削弱射流的集中强度,能使下泄水流的冲击压力大大降低,有效提高下游水垫塘的抗冲安全性,为类似工程布置提供借鉴.