水溶液中六种氨基酸与两种酰胺的焓相互作用的研究

用2277热活性检测仪测定了310.15 K下,甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸和L-脯氨酸6种α-氨基酸分别与N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺分子在水溶液中的混合过程的焓变,根据McMillan-Mayer理论得到了各级焓对作用系数,并比较了各级焓对作用系数.结果表明,氨基酸与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的焓对作用系数大于与N-甲基乙酰胺的焓对作用系数.由于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中—CH3基团的增加,对丝氨酸的焓对作用系数改变较大.用溶质-溶质相互作用和溶质-溶剂相互作用理论对结果进行了解释.     

酚醛型吸附树脂在非水体系中对苯胺衍生物吸附性能的研究

研究了酚醛型吸附树脂JDW-2在非水体系中对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的静态吸附．由实验结果推论，在正己烷中树脂对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的吸附是以氢键吸附机理为主进行的；JDW-2在正己烷中等温吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程，相关系数在0．99以上，因此，酚醛型吸附树脂在正己烷中吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺属单分子层吸附，平衡吸附数据也符合Freundlich方程，n都大于1，表明JDW-2在正己烷中对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的吸附是优惠吸附；同时对非水体系中乙醇或乙酸乙酯的含量对树脂吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的影响进行了研究．     

N-甲基氧化吗啉(NMMO)的合成研究

本文采用吗啉装置副产品N-甲基吗啉(NMM)合成人造纤维纺丝溶剂N-甲基氧化吗啉.通过研究得到,采用强碱性离子交换树脂为催化剂,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,合成NMMO.合适的工艺条件为:反应温度70℃,常压操作,反应时间6～7小时,催化剂用量为0.5%.     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成N-混杂卟啉衍生物

为拓展N-混杂卟啉的3-C位的衍生化反应,在50％磷钨酸/活性炭催化剂存在下,研究活泼亚甲基化合物米氏酸,环戊酮米氏酸和4-羟基香豆素与N-混杂卟啉在室温下的反应,并以70％～80％的收率得到了一系列新的3位取代的N-混杂卟啉衍生物.     

N-羟甲基硬脂酰胺溶解度的测定

实验测定了N-羟甲基硬脂酰胺在乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的溶解度,比较并确定在N-羟甲基硬脂酰胺的生产过程中选用的最佳溶剂.     

格氏反应制备1-甲基-2-对甲苯甲酰基吡咯

本文介绍了一种制备1-甲基-2-对甲苯甲酰基吡咯的方法,该方法以N-甲基吡咯为起始原料,先经过Vils-meier-haack甲酰化反应制得N-甲基-2-吡咯醛,后者经肟化脱水制得N-甲基-2-吡咯腈,该化合物与格氏试剂对甲苯基溴化镁发生格氏反应,经水解得到1-甲基-2-对甲苯甲酰基吡咯.在格氏反应中,尝试使用超声波辐射的方法,取得了较好的效果.经过工艺改进,各步反应均达到了较高的收率,总收率达到30.5%,同时对实验中的有关问题做了详细的探讨.     

N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)最新生产技术和市场研究

N-甲基吡咯烷酮(简称NMP)属于氮杂环化合物,由于其优异的物理、化学性能,近年来其生产、应用得到了快速发展。通过对国内外最新生产技术、国内外生产消费现状和市场情况的研究,提出了国内N-甲基吡咯烷酮的发展建议。     

6-甲基-尿嘧啶及其N-取代衍生物合成

目的 对6-甲基尿嘧啶及其N-取代衍生物的合成方法进行研究和改进.方法 用醋酸锌作催化剂,二甲苯作溶剂,使乙酰乙酸乙酯和氨基甲酸乙酯在140℃反应6 h,得到6-甲基-2,3-二氢-1.3-噁嗪-2,4-二酮,噁嗪二酮再和氨或N-取代胺,在150～160℃二反应2 h,合成出了目标产物.结果 合成出6-甲基尿嘧啶和6种N-取代-6-甲基尿嘧啶衍生物,用1H NMR和元素分析表征了目标化合物的结构;产率为76.1%～90%.结论 该方法原料易得,不用酸性催化剂,条件温和,是合成N-取代尿嘧啶理想方法.     

不同烷基链长的吗啉型离子液体结构性能的理论研究

用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G*的计算水平上研究了不同烷基链长的氯代N-甲基吗啉.通过计算可知,N甲-基乙基吗啉与1个Cl-形成的离子液体主要有3种构型(mon型、nop型和orth型)6种位置.每个位置形成了3个氢键,其中与吗啉环上的氢形成的氢键最强,键长最短.吗啉环上甲基或乙基上的H原子和Cl-形成相对较弱的氢键相互作用,有利于增强离子对的稳定性.对于N-甲基乙基吗啉、N-甲基丙基吗啉和N-甲基丁基吗啉,随着烷基链的增长,Cl-与吗啉环上的H原子形成的氢键键长逐渐增大,Cl原子与不同链长烷基取代基N-甲基吗啉结合的能力减弱.     

N-甲基二肽N-Ns-N(Me)-L-Ala-N(Me)-L-Ile-O~tBu的合成研究

许多分子结构中含有N-甲基二肽结构片段的天然多肽化合物能有效抑制蛋白质水解、提高药物口服效果并延长药物作用时间.然而,绝大多数N-甲基氨基酸及其衍生物在自然界是难以得到的,而且由于它们的空间位阻较大,在进行偶合反应时相对比较困难.以L-丙氨酸和L-异亮氨酸为原料,经10步反应高效合成了对人体肿瘤细胞具有良好细胞毒性的天然环酯肽Apratoxin A的结构片断N-Ns-N(Me)-L-Ala-N(Me)-L-Ile-OtBu.偶合反应无需添加任何催化剂,后处理简便易行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the