仿生人工骨修复材料研究

骨缺损修复材料是临床需求量最大的生物医用材料之一.自体骨和异体骨移植的局限性使得研发优异的人工骨修复材料意义重大.通过模仿天然骨本身的成分、结构特性及生物矿化过程,对材料的组成、结构进行设计与调控,可以获得新型仿生人工骨修复材料,这已成为生物材料发展的主要趋势之一.文中概述了仿生人工骨修复材料的研究进展,重点介绍本课题组的相关研究,即类骨微纳米磷酸钙矿物的仿生合成、生物医用高分子仿生纳米纤维支架的制备和具有多级孔结构的自固化磷酸钙基骨修复材料的构建.     

细菌纤维素组织工程支架的仿生矿化研究

骨骼创伤已经成为当今影响人类健康的一大病症。因此,骨修复材料就成为研究的一大热点。骨组织工程支架作为重要的骨修复材料,可以诱导成骨细胞生长并为新骨生长提供条件。传统的骨组织工程支架包括合成高分子(如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸等)和天然高分子(如胶原、壳聚糖等)。与传统支架材料相比,细菌纤维素(BC)具有良好的生物相容性、精细的纳米空间三维网络结构,有作为组织工程支架的潜能。通过仿生矿化处理,BC纳米纤维表面可以生长出羟基磷灰石(HA)的晶体颗粒,且HA颗粒均匀覆盖在纳米纤维表面。通过热分析得出,仿生矿化处理会使BC的热稳定性得到一定的提升。     

纤维基支架在骨和软骨组织再生中的应用

组织工程对于骨和软骨组织缺损的修复具有广阔的发展前景。在组织工程三要素之一的支架中,纤维基支架由于具有较大的比表面积、相互连通的多孔结构以及与天然细胞外基质相似等优势,在骨和软骨修复中展现出巨大的应用潜力。纤维支架的成型通常基于静电纺丝法、热致相分离法、自组装肽法和溶剂热法,血管化和软骨再生是此类支架在临床应用上面临的主要挑战。通过仿生天然骨和软骨组织的复杂结构、综合多种技术手段在结构和功能上设计纤维基三维多孔支架将是改善骨和软骨组织工程支架修复效果的主要发展方向。     

三维微流道支架直接压印成形方法

针对软质生物材料支架内部三维微结构成形难题,提出了结合分层制造、微压印与冷冻干燥技术的三维微流道支架直接压印成形方法.通过开发自动化成形设备,实现了材料溶液填充、微结构压印、结构预冻、层间黏结等工艺过程的可控化,从而解决了传统手工操作所造成的结构重复性差、成形效率低等问题.研究了模具表面等离子处理、亲水物质添加、改变溶液填充方式等工艺对自动化成形过程中微结构复型性能的影响.结果表明,向材料溶液中添加微量亲水物质并辅助溶液填充引导,可实现软质水溶性天然生物材料内部复杂微流道结构的精确三维压印成形.通过工艺装备保证了成形过程的自动化和稳定性,从而实现了支架微结构制造的可重复性与可控性.     

三种仿生人工骨内部微细结构的对比研究

提出一种采用基于快速成形的立体编织技术来制造纤维增强复合材料仿生人工骨的方法，制造的三种仿生人工骨内部的纤维分别被铺设成螺旋、正交和同心结构，其中正交结构和同心结构人工骨的内部纤维可以被精确地安置在设计位置上，根据犬桡骨缺损修复实验过程中的X光片、组织切片和成分对比等内容，研究了人工骨内部不同的纤维结构对促进成骨和人工骨降解的影响，研究发现，在骨修复初期三种仿生人工骨都能提供一定的机械性能，但是随着时间的推移，螺旋结构人工骨的降解量最小，同心结构人工骨的成骨量最高，说明由壳聚糖、骨形态发生蛋白和磷酸钙盐等制成的纤维增强型人工骨具有良好的骨传导和骨诱导作用，其中同心结构人工骨具有最佳的成骨作用，其内部纤维结构相对最优。     

层状仿生生物活性人工软骨植入体的数字散斑相关分析

制备了一种仿生层状人工软骨/骨复合植入体,可将软骨植入体与宿主软骨的连接转变为骨-骨的界面结合,提高植入软骨固定效果.采用数字散斑等方法对仿生层状人工关节软骨/骨复合植入体的生物力学性能进行研究,比较了松质骨,PVA/骨复合体以及PVA-BG复合体在不同载荷作用下的位移变化,并从微观变形角度探讨了人工软骨/骨复合植入体中软骨层厚度对缓冲内部应力的作用.     

磷酸钙与胶原双相多级仿生骨组织工程支架研究

磷酸钙与胶原是天然骨组织的重要组成成分,介绍了一种仿生设计磷酸钙与胶原双相复合的多级仿生骨组织支架.采用双氧水发泡技术精确定制磷酸钙支架孔结构,结合真空灌注胶原以及仿生矿化技术,构建磷酸钙,胶原双相多级仿生骨组织支架,材料的孔结构及化学组分可实现定制设计.通过对支架材料测试表征,结果显示,这种无机/有机/无机多级仿生支架材有良好的力学性能.材料的体外细胞实验结果证实,这种多级仿生支架材料具有良好的生物相容性.     

肝组织工程支架的微制造工艺

通过模拟自然肝脏的内部微结构，对肝组织工程支架进行仿生设计，构建了有利于人工肝向自然肝转化的肝支架孔洞与管道系统．结合光固化和微压印工艺制造了肝支架的硅橡胶模具，通过微复型工艺成型出生物可降解的壳聚糖／明胶复合肝支架．实验表明，普通光固化和掩膜光固化工艺可以实现最小尺度为200μm的微结构制造，精密光固化工艺不仅可以在同一模具上制造出具有良好复型精度和边缘特征的肝细胞孔洞（200-300μm）和血管管道（100-200μm），而且还可以制造出具有半通透功能的微管道（13．1～30μm）．因此，提出的微制造方法能成型出复杂的肝组织工程支架系统，可保证多种肝脏细胞的有序分布，并且为组织工程肝脏支架材料微观结构的模拟提供了参考．     

人体下颌骨的ANSYS受力分析

人体下颌骨替代物的设计制造一直是人们关注的一个研究焦点。现有的人体下颌骨替代物的制造主要是医生根据患者的下颌骨外形对成品的钛板或钛网进行手工弯制,但由于钛材料的刚性过大,造成一定的应力屏蔽,不能对填充自体骨实现有效的应力传递,导致骨重建失败。所以,寻求新的下颌骨替代物的仿生设计及制造方法非常必要。而仿生设计算先要掌握人体下颌骨的受力状况。文中首先建立了人体下颌骨的ANSYS模型,然后用ANSYS对人体下颌骨进行了受力分析,获得了应力应变分布云图,并对结果进行了分析讨论,该研究为人体下颌骨替代物的仿生设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

上海硅酸盐所在3D打印生物陶瓷支架表面微纳米结构调控骨-软骨一体化修复研究方面取得重要进展

正骨-软骨缺损是临床常见疾病。由于软骨和软骨下骨具有不同的生理功能和微结构,因而骨-软骨及其界面一体化修复极具挑战。中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所研究员吴成铁与常江带领的研究团队在前期研究中,提出了利用多种无机活性离子的共同作用诱导骨-软骨一体化修复的思想,并设计了一系列不同组成成分的(Li,Mn,Sr,Si离子等)3D打印生物陶瓷支架,并有效地对兔子骨-软骨缺损进行一体化修复(Adv. Funct. Mater., 2014, 24:4473-4483. Adv.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。